BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF L - THEANINE (SUNTHEANINE™), AN AMINO ACID OF GREEN TEA, IN HUMANS

Yutaka Ogasawara,Tsutomu Okubo,Tomoko Veda,Makoto Ozeki,Lekh R. Juneja,Hidehiko Yokogoshi,Seiichi Matsumoto 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.50 No.-

L-theanine is a unique amino acid, found almost solely in tea plants. It is the main component responsible for the exotic taste of green tea. In our studies of L-theanine, we have found a variety of biological activities including relaxation and the alleviation of PMS.<br/> In general, animals generate very weak electric pulses on the surface of the brain, called brain waves. Brain waves are classified into four types, namely α, β, δ and θ-waves, based on their frequency. Brain waves correlate with individual mental conditions. For example, generation of α-waves is considered an index of relaxation. In human volunteers, a-waves were generated on the occipital and parietal regions of the brain surface within 40 minutes after the oral administration of 50 or 200 ㎎ Suntheanine™ without causing drowsiness.<br/> Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a symptom unique to women which appears in the luteal phase from the ovulation period through the first day of menstruation. It possesses characteristics of having a peak just prior to menstruation and disappearing 1 - 2 days following the start of menstruation. Symptoms of PMS are generally categorized as mental, physical and social symptoms. When comparing the reported Symptoms of PMS by the methods of MDQ score, the Suntheanine™ group was found to have a lower incidence of PMS symptoms, including physical, mental and social symptoms. Overall, a significant alleviation of PMS symptoms by the administration of 200 ㎎ Suntheanine™ was observed.<br/> With the successful industrial production of L-theanine, we are now able to supply Suntheanine™, offering a tremendous opportunity for designing functional foods targeting relaxation and the alleviation of PMS.

담수산새우 Macrobrachium rosenbergi(de Man) 의 초기유생 및 post - larva 의 성장에 미치는 염분량에 관하여

권진수,우야관,소립원의광 한국수산학회 1977 한국수산과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The fresh water prawn, Macrobrahium rosenbergi(de Man) is a very common species in Indo-pacific region, which inhaits both fresh and brackish water in low land area, most of rivers and especially aboundant in the lower reaches which are influenced by sea water. It is one of the largest and commercial species of genus Macrobrachium, which is commonly larger than 18~21 cm in body length, from the basis of eye-stalked to the distal of telson. As a part of the researches in order to investigate the possibilities on transplantation and propagation of this species, this work dealt with the problems on the effects of chlorinities upon zoeal larvae and post-larvae- 1). metamorphosis rate and optimum chlorinity for metamorphosis to post-larve, 2). tolerance and comparative survival rate on various chlorinties, from fresh water to sea water (19.38‰CI), which reared for six days upon each stage of zoeal larvae, 3). accomodation rate on chlonities which reared for twelve days after transmigration into variant chlorinities of the range from 3.68‰CI to 1.53‰CI in the way of rearing of the range from 3.82‰CI to 11.05‰CI upon each stage of zoea, 4). tolerance on both fo fresh and sea water upon zoeal larva and post-larva under the condition of 28℃ 1 in temprature and feeding on Arteinia salina nauplii, 5). relationship between various chlorinities and growth of post larvae under the condition of 28℃ in temperature and feeding on meat of clam. Thus these investigations were performed in order to grope for a comfortable method on seedmass production. Up to the present, the study on the effects of chlorinity upon earlier zoeal larvae and post-larvae of Macrobrachium species has been scarcely performed by workers with the exception of Lewis(1961) and Ling(1962, 1967), even so their works were not so detailed. On the other hand, larvae of several species of this genus were reared at the water which mixed sea water so as to carry out complete metamorphosis to post-larva by workers in order to investigate on earlier larval and earlier post-larval development, such as Macrobrachium lamerrei (Rajyalakshmi, 1961), M. rosenbergi and M. nipponense (Uno and Kwon, 1969; Kwon and Uno, 1969), M. acanthurus (Choudhury, 1970; Dobkin, 1971), M. carcinus (Choudhury, 1970), M. formosense (Shokita, 1970), M. olfersii (Duggei et al., 1975), M. novaehallandiae (Greenwood et al., 1976), M. japonicum (Kwon, 1974) and M. lar (Shokita, personal communication), and there-fore it is regarded that chlorinity is, generally, one of absolute factors to rear zoeal larvae of brackish species of Macrobrachium genus. Synthetic results on this work is summarized as the follwings: 1) Zoeal larvae required different chlorinities to grow according to each stage, and generally, it is regarded that optimum range of living and growing is from 7.63‰CI to 12.42‰CI, and while differences of metamorphsis rate, from first zoea to post-larva, is rarely found in this range, and however it occurs apparently in both of situation at 4.42‰CI below and 16.13‰CI above and moreover, metamorphosis rate is delayed somewhat in case of lower chlorinity as compared with high chlorinity in these situations. 2) Accomodation in each chlorinity on the range, from fresh water to sea water, is different according to larval stages and while the best of it is, generally, on the range from 8.28‰CI to 12.42‰CI and favorite cholrinity of zoea have a tendency to remove from high chlorinity to lower chlorinity in order to advance larval age throughout all zoeal stages, setting a conversional stage for eighth zoea stage. 3) Optimum chlorinity of living and growth upon postlarvae is on the range of 4.25‰CI below, and in proportion as approach to fresh water, growth rate is increased. 4) Post-larvae are able to live better in fresh water in comparison with zoeal larvae, which are only able to live within fifteen hours, and by contraries, post-larvae are merely able to live for one day as compared with zoeal larvae, which are able to live for six days more in sea water (19.3‰CI above). 5) Also, in case of transmigration into higher and lower chlorinities in the way of rearing in the initial chlorinities (3.82‰CI, 7.14‰CI and 11.05‰CI), accomodation rate is as follow: accomodation capacity in ease of removing into higher chlorinities from lower chlorinities is increased in proportion as earlier stages, setting a conversional stage for eighth zoea stage, and by contraries, in case of advanced stages from eighth zoea it is incraesed in proportion as approach to post-larva stage in the case of transmigration into lower chlorinity from highor chlorinity. On the other hand, it is interesting that in case of reciprocal transmigration between two different chlorinities, each survival rate is different, and in this case, also, its accomodation in each zoea stage has a tendency to vary according to larval stages as described above, setting a conversional stage for eighth zoea stage. 6) It is likely that expension of radish pigments on body surface is directly proportional to chlorinity during the period of zoea rearing, and therefore it seems like all body surfaces of zoea larvae be radish coloured in case of higher chlorinity. 7) By the differences that each zoeal larvae, postlarvae, juvaniles and adult prawn are required different chlorinity for inhabiting in each, it is ragarded that this species migrats from up stream to near the estuary of the river which the prawns inhabits commonly in natural field for spawning and growth migration. 8) It had better maintainning chlorinities according to zoeal stage for a comfortable method on seed-mass production that earlier larva stages than eighth zoea are maintained on the range from 8‰CI to 12‰CI to rear, and later larva stages than eighth zoea, by contraies, are gradually regulated to lower chlorininity of the range from 7‰CI to 4‰CI according to advance for post-larva stage.

Short Report : Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control in bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) green with sequential application of bispyribac-sodium combined with dinitroanilines

( Nam Il Park ),( Yuko Suto ),( Yutaka Miura ),( Nobuo Nakatani ),( Shin Ichi Iori ),( Masaru Ogasawara ) 한국잡초학회 2002 Weed Biology and Management Vol.2 No.3