Identification and Characterization of <i>LARGE EMBRYO</i> , a New Gene Controlling Embryo Size in Rice ( <i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Lee, Gileung,Piao, Rihua,Lee, Yunjoo,Kim, Backki,Seo, Jeonghwan,Lee, Dongryung,Jang, Su,Jin, Zhuo,Lee, Choonseok,Chin, Joong Hyoun,Koh, Hee-Jong Springer US 2019 Rice Vol.12 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Although embryo accounts for only 2–3% of the total weight of a rice grain, it is a good source of various nutrients for human health. Because enlarged embryo size causes increase of the amount of nutrients and bioactive compounds stored within rice grain, giant embryo mutants of rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) are excellent genetic resources for improving the nutritional value of rice grains.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Three giant embryo mutants, including <I>large embryo</I> (<I>le</I>), <I>giant embryo</I> (<I>ge</I>) and <I>super</I>-<I>giant embryo</I> (<I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP>), with variable embryo size were used in this study. We investigated whether genes controlling embryo size in these mutants (<I>le</I>, <I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP>) were allelic to each other. Although <I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP> was allelic to <I>GIANT EMBRY</I> (<I>GE</I>), <I>le</I> was not allelic to <I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP> in allelism test. The <I>GE</I> gene carried a unique nucleotide substitution in each of the two mutants (<I>ge</I> and <I>ge</I><SUP><I>s</I></SUP>), resulting in non-synonymous mutations in exon 2 of <I>GE</I> in both mutants. However, the <I>GE</I> gene of the <I>le</I> mutant did not carry any mutation, suggesting that the enlarged embryo phenotype of <I>le</I> was governed by another gene. Using map-based cloning, we mapped the <I>LE</I> gene to the short arm of chromosome 3. The <I>le</I> mutant showed mild enlargement in embryo size, which resulted from an increase in the size of scutellar parenchyma cells. The <I>LE</I> encodes a C3HC4-type RING finger protein and was expressed to relatively high levels in seeds at a late developmental stage. Knockdown of <I>LE</I> expression using RNA interference increased the embryo size of rice grains, confirming the role of <I>LE</I> in determining the embryo size.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Overall, we identified a new gene controlling embryo size in rice. Phenotypic and molecular characterization results suggest that the <I>le</I> mutant will serve as a valuable resource for developing new rice cultivars with large embryos and nutrient-dense grains.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1186/s12284-019-0277-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Genotypic variation of embryo dent of rice grains

Yunjoo Lee,Gileung Lee,Rihua Piao,Sunmi Jang,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

As the market demand on functionality rice has been increasing, embryo rice in which embryo residue remains even after milling has come to comsumers’ attention because rice embryo contains several functionality components. Consequently, development of rice varieties for higher rate of embryo adhesion to grains after milling has become one of the breeding objectives for quality improvement. In this study, we observed embryo dent of 49 commercial varieties and analyzed the relationship between embryo dent and grain size and shape. Embryo dent of rice grains varied 0.27 (Keunnun)~0.59 (Daerip 1) mm. Varieties Jinbu, Jinbo, Heugseol, Obong, Unkwang, and Cheongnam showed relatively deeper embryo dent, suggesting that they will be applicable in breeding for embryo rice. Embryo dent was correlated positively with grain width (r=0.53**) and grain size(r=0.34*), and negatively with grain width/length ratio (r= -0.38**). Strategies for breeding embryo rice were discussed in relation to embryo dent, grain size and shape.

Identification of a novel SPLIT-HULL (SPH) gene associated with hull splitting in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Lee, Gileung,Lee, Kang-Ie,Lee, Yunjoo,Kim, Backki,Lee, Dongryung,Seo, Jeonghwan,Jang, Su,Chin, Joong Hyoun,Koh, Hee-Jong Spring 2018 Theoretical and applied genetics Vol.131 No.7

Characterization and Genetic Mapping of Narrow and Adaxially Rolled Leaf Mutant in Rice

Yoon Kyung Lee,Yunjoo Lee,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

To understand the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis in rice, ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) treated Ilpoom mutant line with semi-narrow and adaxially rolled leaf phenotype was identified. The leaf rolling character is said to be more advantageous under high temperature and heat stress, and play as one of the defensive mechanisms. The F1 plants, generated from a cross of Ilpoom and mutant, showed normal phenotype. Genetic analysis of its F2 population suggested that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene with segregation ratio of 3:1. Using F2 mapping population derived from a cross of Ilpoom mutant and Milyang23, each chromosomes were screened with STS markers by the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) method. The candidate region was detected to a long arm of chromosome 1 near the centromeric region. Fine mapping of the locus is currently conducted. Moreover, other morphological characterizations of the mutant plants were identified. Cytological analysis of the leaf suggested that deformation of the bulliform cells led to the smaller size and less number of the bulliform cells, and caused leaf rolling trait.

Influence of Motion Artifacts on Photoplethysmographic Signals for Measuring Pulse Rates

Yunjoo Lee,Hyonyoung Han,Jung Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

One of the most important issues in the wearable healthcare sensors for continuous monitoring in daily life is motion artifact reduction. This paper presents an analysis of motion artifacts on PPG signals to find the suitable location for monitoring heart rates. The experiment system, which consists of PPG sensors and data acquisition system, was built to measure heart rate during controlled body motions such as walking. A reflective type PPG sensor was used to measure the pulse rate signal from several locations of the body including forehead, ear, neck, wrist, finger, and toe, and data were collected and analyzed to compare the effects of motion artifacts on signals. Pulse rates were estimated by counting the number of heartbeats in minute and comparing results with from the two states of stationary and moving conditions. The experiment results showed that forehead is the most suitable location for monitoring because it has less motion artifact than other locations. These results can be used to support the measurement of pulserates to detect clinically significant heartbeat problems.

Sugary Endosperm is Modulated by <i>Starch Branching Enzyme IIa</i> in Rice ( <i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

Lee, Yunjoo,Choi, Min-Seon,Lee, Gileung,Jang, Su,Yoon, Mi-Ra,Kim, Backki,Piao, Rihua,Woo, Mi-Ok,Chin, Joong Hyoun,Koh, Hee-Jong Springer US 2017 Rice Vol.10 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Starch biosynthesis is one of the most important pathways that determine both grain quality and yield in rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.). Sugary endosperm, <I>sugary-1</I> (<I>sug-1</I>), is a mutant trait for starch biosynthesis. Rice plants carrying <I>sug-1</I> produce grains that accumulate water-soluble carbohydrates instead of starch, even after maturity. Although this trait enhances the diversity of grain quality, sugary endosperm rice has hardly been commercialized due to the severely wrinkled grains and subsequent problems in milling. This study was conducted to identify the genes responsible for the <I>sug-h</I> phenotype through a map-based cloning technology.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We induced a mild sugary mutant, <I>sugary-h</I> (<I>sug-h</I>) through the chemical mutagenesis on the Korean <I>japonica</I> cultivar Hwacheong. Grains of the <I>sug-h</I> mutant were translucent and amber-colored, and the endosperm appeared less wrinkled than <I>sug-1</I>, whereas the soluble sugar content was fairly high. These characteristics confer greater marketability to the <I>sug-h</I> mutant. Genetic analyses indicated that the <I>sug-h</I> mutant phenotype was controlled by a complementary interaction of two recessive genes, <I>Isoamylase1</I> (<I>OsISA1</I>), which was reported previously, and <I>Starch branching enzyme IIa</I> (<I>OsBEIIa</I>), which was newly identified in this study. Complementation tests indicated that <I>OsBEIIa</I> regulated the properties of sugary endosperm<I>.</I></P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Complementary interactions between the starch biosynthesis genes <I>OsISA1</I> and <I>OsBEIIa</I> determine the mild sugary endosperm mutant, <I>sugary-h</I>, in rice. Our finding may facilitate the breeding of sugaryendosperm rice for commercial benefit.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-017-0172-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Development of diagnostic DNA markers for eating quality of indica rice

Yunjoo Lee,Puji Lestari,Rihua Piao,Eunbyeol Koh,Sunmi Jang,Hee-Jong Koh 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

Rice eating quality is considered to be one of the top priorities in determining the agronomical value of rice. Thus the rapid evaluation of eating quality at early breeding generations in breeding programs for better eating quality is of great importance. However, it has been limited due to the complex nature of eating quality and the absence of standard evaluation method. In our previous study, we developed a evaluation method with a set of DNA markers that allows to predict the eating quality for japonica rices. Here we successfully developed another marker set for the eating quality of indica rices. We used multiple regression analysis to test 54 markers, which were preselected for their possible association with eating quality, using 24 indica varieties with different palatability scores. Of these markers, eighteen markers were found to be significantly associated with palatability according to sensory evaluation. Accordingly, a marker set in the model regression equation with a high R2 (0.997) was formulated to estimate indica rice palatability. Validation suggests that markers and the statistical parameters formulated by the equation could be a potential tool to predict the palatability of cooked Indonesian indica rice and could be reliable in developing country-dependent model equations for eating quality. This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (Plant Molecular Breeding Center No. PJ008125), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

집합적 의사결정 과정에서 발생하는 의사소통이 청소년 정치 참여 역량에 미치는 영향

이윤주(Lee, YunJoo) 한국사회과교육연구학회 2018 사회과교육 Vol.57 No.3

본 연구에서는 지역사회에서 시행하는 청소년 정치참여 프로그램 상황 내에서의 의사소통을 바탕으로 한 상호작용과정을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 특히, 청소년 정치참여 프로그램 상에서 발생하는 조직 단위의 의사소통 연결망 분석을 이용하여 실제 참여과정에서 발생하는 청소년들의 행동을 분석하였다. 이와같은 시도를 통하여 청소년 정치참여에 영향을 미치는 요인이 제도적 지원이나 개인차원의 참여 의도를 형성할 뿐 아니라 의사소통과정에서 발생하는 조직 내 변화요인에 따라서 회의참석, 정책의견 제시 등 실질적으로 시행되는 청소년 정치참여에 영향을 미친다는 것을 검증하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 시민교육의 일환으로서 청소년 참여활동이 개인적 차원의 의사결정 뿐 아니라 조직 차원의 집합적 의사결정에 미치는 영향을 토대로 참여역량 발달을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 청소년 대상의 정치참여 프로그램에서 나타나는 의사소통 연결망 분석을 시행함으로서 시간 흐름에 따라 변화하는 정치참여 행동을 관찰하고 분석함으로서 기존 서베이 연구의 한계를 극복하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 점차 지역사회 기반으로 행해지는 청소년 정치참여 활동에 개인 특성 뿐 아니라 활동 과정에서의 조직 특성이 청소년 정치참여역량 발달에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있음을 시사하고자 한다. This study defines and concentrates on unique characteristics of voluntary and practical policy making level of young people and other comprehensive activities that can be defined as political participation. outh political participation is defined ‘most teenagers set to influence the youth in public policy or administrative proceedings is the principal enemy practice behavior’ his study focuses on communication networks created from youth political participation considering collective decision-making characteristics of young people participating in politics. This study determined the effect of personal factors and structural factors of communication networks formed in the collective decision-making process on youth political participation Youth political participation was determined for youth in organizations within the framework and principles of political participation. This research intensively addressed factors that lead to political participation elements of communication networks resulting from differences in the organization of the same group number for small organization.

패션브랜드 비주얼 머천다이징 소도구 활용에 관한 연구

이윤주(Yunjoo Lee),김한나(Hanna Kim) 한국생활과학회 2015 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

세계시민성 함양과 세계시민교육의 실천방안

이윤주(YunJoo Lee) 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 사회과학연구 Vol.27 No.1