치과용 디지털 색상 분석용 기기의 정확성과 재현 능력에 대한 평가

정중재,박수정,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.4

본 연구에서는 치과용 디지털 색상 분석기기 중 하나인 ShadeScan (CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada)의 색상 분석의 정확성과 재현 능력을 평가하였다. 균일한 치아 배열을 가진 20대 성인 남자 8명과 여자 8명의 상악 인상을 고무인 상제 (Exaflex, GC, Japan)를 이용하여 채득하고, 인상에 A2 색상의 임시 크라운 제작용 자가중합형 레진을 주입하여 치아 모델을 완성하고, ShadeScan을 이용해 각 치아의 영상을 얻어 컴퓨터의 ShadeScan 프로그램으로 분석하였다. 그리고 측정 결과의 재현 능력를 평가하기 위해 2개의 치아 모델을 임의로 선택하여 각 치아마다 10회의 색상 측정을 시행하여 분석 결과를 비교하였다. 또한 분석된 영상의 동일 shade 간의 색차를 확인하기 위해 광중합 복합레진인 Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan)와 shade guide의 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 백색과 흑색 배경판 상에서 spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, USA)로 측정하고, ShadeScan에 의해 동일한 shade로 분석된 shade guide간의 색차를 계산하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 모든 치아에서 모델 제작 재료와 동일한 A2 색상므로 분석된 경우는 없었으며, 개개의 치아에서 전체 순면이 동일한 색상으로 분석된 예는 없었다. 또한 동일한 치아군에서 치아의 크기 , 형태 , 순면의 굴곡 등에 따라 서로 다른 색상 분포를 보였다. 재현성 평가에서 각 치아의 중앙부는 비교적 일정한 재현성출 보였으나, 절단부와 주변 부위는 재현성이 낮았으며, 동일한 shade로 분석된 shade guide 간에는 3 이상의 색차 (ΔE^(*))를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 치과용 디지털 색상 분석기기는 비록 높은 재현 능력은 가지고 있지만 정확성에 오류가 있음을 시사하며 , 따라서 이러한 기기를 이용한 색상 분석 시 좀 더 세밀한 주의와 다른 방법의 추가 사용이 필요하리라 사료된다. This study was done to evaluate the reliability of the digital color analysis system (ShadeScan, CYNOVAD, Montreal, Canada) for dentistry. Sixteen tooth models were made by injecting the A2 shade chemical cured resin for temporary crown into the impression acquired from 16 adults. Surfaces of the model teeth were polished with resin polishing cloth. The window of the ShadeScan handpiece was placed on the labial surface of tooth and tooth images were captured, and each tooth shade was analyzed with the ShadeScan software. Captured images were selected in groups, and compared one another. Two models were selected to evaluate repeatability of ShadeScan, and shade analysis was performed 10 times for each tooth. And, to ascertain the color difference of same shade code analyzed by ShadeScan, CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)values of shade guide of Gradia Direct (GC, Tokyo, Japan) were measured on the white and black background using the Spectrolino (GretagMacbeth, USA), and Shade map of each shade guide was captured using the ShadeScan. There were no teeth that were analyzed as A2 shade and unique shade. And shade mapping analyses of the same tooth revealed similar shade and distribution except incisal third. Color difference (ΔE^(*)) among the Shade map which analyzed as same shade by ShadeScan were above 3. Within the limits of this study, digital color analysis instrument for dentistry has relatively high repeatability, but has controversial in accuracy.

척수 손상 환자에서의 Euthyroid Sick Syndrome -증례 보고-

서정환,고명환,김근수,김연희 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.2

척수손상 환자에서 골 대사의 생화학적 변화

김상수,서정환,김완호,김연희 大韓再活醫學會 1997 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.21 No.6

중학교 1학년 생물영역의 사이버가정학습 콘텐츠 품질 평가

정윤영,정진수,김상호 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2009 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.33 No.1

이 연구에서는 전국 16개 시·도 교육청에서 운영하는 사이버가정학습 사이트에 공동으로 탑재되어진 중학교 1학년 생물영역 콘텐츠를 선정하여 학습환경, 교수설계, 학습내용, 교수학습전략, 상호작용, 지원체계, 평가, 윤리성, 저작권의 9개 영역에서 평가하였다. 평가 결과 첫째, 학습환경 평가영역에서, 콘텐츠는 학습자의 다양한 조건에서 실행이 가능하고 학습도중 다른 화면으로의 이동이 자유로워 학습자에게 편리한 학습환경으로 구성되어 있다. 둘째, 교수설계 평가영역에서, 콘텐츠는 학습목표를 명확하게 제시하고 있고 학습자의 수준을 고려하여 학습활동을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 학습안내, 선수학습, 학습평가, 학습정리의 단계는 수준별 학습이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 셋째, 학습내용 평가영역에서, 학습내용은 학교의 정규 교과 수업 내용을 바탕으로 구성되어져 있으며, 각 차시별로 제시된 학습목표에 맞는 내용으로 학습내용을 구성하고 있다. 그러나 최신 정보 및 경향으로 수정 및 보완하지 않았다. 넷째, 교수학습전략 평가영역에서, 콘텐츠는 대부분이 수동적 탐구로 이루어진 강의 중심의 자료 제시형으로 구성되어 있다. 다섯째, 상호작용 평가영역에서, 사이버가정학습의 사이트와 각 메뉴에 대한 안내를 위한 별도의 메뉴를 메인화면에 구성하고 있으나 효과적이라고 보기 어렵다. 여섯째, 지원체제 평가영역에서, 사이버가정학습의 사이트의 메인화면에 각 메뉴에 대한 안내와 학습사전, 용어사전을 제시하고 있다. 일곱째, 학습평가를 포함 한 다른 학습단계의 내용은 다른 수준의 콘텐츠를 선택 하더라도 같은 수준의 같은 내용으로 평가가 이루어지고 있다. 여덟째, 윤리성 평가영역에서, 콘텐츠는 사회적으로 지켜야 할 도리와 규범을 준수하고 있다. 아홉째, 저작권 평가영역에서 사이버가정학습 사이트를 운영하는 기관을 사이트의 메인화면 하단에 명시하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of biology contents of cyber home learning systems which provided by 16 metropolitan and provincial offices of education. The contents were evaluated by the 9 categories: needs assessment, instruction design, learning contents, teaching & learning strategy, interaction, supporting system, evaluation, ethicality and copy right. The result showed that the contents have advantage in detailed learning goal, useful learning environment, learning activities by level, and various learning parts material, but lack in evaluation method tool for personal learning by level and the latest learning material. Based on this results, it is expected that the barrier of the efficient learning contents should be searched for the complement, as well as the development high-quality educational contents and the management of cyber home learning system.

Coffin-Manson 식에 의한 발전기용 보일러 헤드 재질(1Cr0.5Mo)의 피로 해석

정연수,김성초 순천대학교 1999 순천대학교 자연과학논문집 Vol.18 No.2

This paper describes the damage assessment technique by the creep-fatigue interaction occurred in the power plant boiler operation. Accurate life access method is established, which can be used to predict the damage during the real operating state of boiler equipment. To analyse this damage mechanism, the high temperature(515℃) creep-fatigue experiment was executed for the boiler header specimen samples of 1Cr0.5Mo steel. The creep-fatigue interactive effects were examined by the trapezoidal waves excitement with varying hold times in the boiler operation. In order to identify them, Coffin-Manson method was adopted, which showed good agreement with the experimental results. Also, the hysteresis loop of the fatigue life can be explained by the plastic energy concept.

뇌졸중 노인을 돌보는 주간호제공자의 부담감과 예측요인 : 한방병원 입원 노인을 중심으로

유수정,김신미,이윤정,박연환 노인간호학회 2004 노인간호학회지 Vol.6 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing burden in primary caregivers caring for an elderly person who has had a stroke. Method : A convenience sample of 124 primary caregivers of elderly people with a stroke admitted to an oriental medicine hospital participated in this study. Interviews were done with a standardized questionnaire including Caregiver Burden Scale (Chang, 1995). Result: Average burden score was 93.19, indicating a moderate to severe level of burden. Time-dependent burden had the highest score of the sub-domains. For general characteristics, the factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were gender and age of the elderly person, age and educational level of the caregiver, whether living together or not, and the presence of another caregiver. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that level of ADL of the elderly person, relationship between the elderly person and the caregiver prior to the stroke, caregivers' relation to the elderly person and primary income were significant factors in explaining variance in overall burden. Conclusion : Recognition of high levels of caregiver burden and factors influencing burden will allow us to develop different nursing strategies to decrease caregiver burden in those caring for an elderly person with a stroke.

복합레진의 표면거칠기에 따른 투명도와 표면 색상의 차이에 관한 연구

조규정,박수정,조현구,김동준,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 복합레진의 표면 연마에 의한 표면 거칠기가 표면 색상과 투명도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 시행하였다. Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Domagen, Germany)의 B1과 A3, Esthet-X (DENTSPLY Caulk, Milford, USA)의 B1과 B3 레진으로 거칠기에 따른 표면 색상을 평가하기 위한 직경 8㎜, 두께 5㎜의 시편을 제작하고, Sof-Lex finishing & polishing system(3M, ESPE Dental Products. St. Paul USA)의 C, M, F, 및 SF 디스크로 시편의 한쪽 면을 연마하였으며, 연마 전 Mylar strip으로 압축된 면을 대조군으로 하였다. 거칠기에 따른 투명도의 차이를 평가하기 위한 두께 1 ㎜의 시편을 Charisma의 A3로 제작하여, 한쪽 면을 600, 1000, 1500 및 2000번 사포로 연마하였다. 각 시편의 연마 전과 후, 연마면의 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값과 1 ㎜ 시편의 백색과 흑색 배경판 상에서의 Y값을 spectrophotometer인 Spectrolino (GretagMacbech, Regensdorf, Switzerland)를 사용해 측정 분석하였으며, 각 시편의 연마 전과 후의 평균 표면 조드 (Ra)값을 Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan)로 측정했다. L^(*)값은 재료와 색상에 상관없이 가장 거친 Sof-lex C 디스크로 연마한 군에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 (p < 0.05). Esthet-X B3군을 제외한 모든 군에서 Ra값이 감소함에 따라 L^(*)값도 낮아졌다. a^(*)값은 표면 거칠기에 따라 특정한 변화 양상을 보이지 않았으며, b^(*)값은 Esthet-X B1군을 제외한 모든 군에서 Sof-lex SF 디스크로 연마 시 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 (p < 0.05), Charisma B1과 Esthet-X B3군에서 Ra값과 비교적 높은 상관 관계를 보였다. Contrast ratio는 1000번과 1500번 사포로 연마한 군간을 제외한 모든 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보여으며 (p < 0.05). 표면 거칠기가 감소함에 따라 contrast ratio도 감소하였다(R2 = 0.801). The objectives of this were to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the surface color and translucency of the composite reins. Two composite resins (Esthet-X, Dentsply, Milford, USA and Charisma, Kulzer, Domagen, Germany) were used to investigate the surface color. Charisma was used to investigate the translucency. 40 disc samples (diameter: 8 ㎜, thickness: 5 ㎜) were made by each product to measure the surface color. Ploymerized each sample's one side was treated by Sof-Lex finishing and polishing system (Group C, M, F, SF). 40 disc samples (diameter: 6 ㎜, thickness: 1 ㎜) were prepared to measure the opacity. 1 ㎜ samples were ground one side with #600, #1000, #1500 and #2000 sandpapers. CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) values of each 5 ㎜ thickness samples, and XYZ values of 1 ㎜ thickness samples on the white and black background were measured with spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Mean surface roughness (Ra) of all samples before and after surface treatment was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan). Regardless of type and shade of the composite resin, L^(*) values measured in group C were higher than others (p < 0.05), and L^(*) value decreased as the Ra value decreased except B3 shade of Esthet-X. But there were no significant difference in a^(*) values among groups. In control group and SF, highest b^(*) values were measured (p < 0.05), except B1 shade of Esthet-X. Contrast ratio decreased as the Ra value decreased (p < 0.05). With the above results, difference of surface roughness has influence on surface color and translucency of dental composite resins. 〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(4):312-322, 2006〕

치과용 심미 수복 재료들의 색상 연구를 통한 새로운 치과용 색체계의 제안

오윤정,박수정,김동준,조현구,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 대한치과보존학회 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 새로운 치과용 색체계 개발을 목적으로 현재 치과에서 사용되고 있는 Vita shade를 사용하는 9 제조사의 12종의 광중합형 복합레진과 1종의 치과용 도재의 색상을 diffuse/8° 수광 방식을 사용하는 분광색체계 (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)를 이용해 D65 표준광과 10도 관찰자 시야 하에서 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) 값을 측정하고 색상 범위를 분석하였다. 분석한 정보를 color sorting system을 응용한 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 색상 표현 방식인 T###에 치과용 수복 재료들의 범위를 적용하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 측정된 L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값의 분포를 분석해 보면 L^(*)값은 80.40과 52.70 사이에, a^(*)값은 10.60과-3.60 사이에, 그리고 b^(*)값은 28.40과 2.21 사이에 분포한다. L^(*)값의 평균값은 67.40, 중앙값은 67.30이며, a^(*)값은 2.89와 2.91, b^(*)값은 14.30 과 13.90 이다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 CNU Cons Dental Color Chart의 T###의 첫 번째 숫자에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2.0으로, 그리고 2번째 숫자인 a^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 1, 그리고 세 번째 숫자인 b^(*)값의 각 숫자간의 차이는 2로 정하였다. T555에 해당하는 L^(*)값의 범위는 66.0이상, 68.0미만으로, a^(*)값의 범위는 3이상 4미만으로, b^(*)값의 범위는 14이상 16미만으로 결정하였다. The purpose of this study is to develope new dental color-space system. Twelve kinds of dental composites and one kind of dental porcelain were used in this study. Disk samples (15 ㎜ in diameter, 4 ㎜ in thickness) of used materials were made and sample’s CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) value was measured by Spectrocolorimeter (MiniScan XE plus, Model 4000S, diffuse/8° viewing mode, 14.3 ㎜ Port diameters, Hunter Lab. USA). The range of measured color distribution was analyzed. All the data were applied in the form of T### which is expression unit in CNU Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) lies between 80.40 and 52.70. The value of a^(*) are between 10.60 and 3.60 and b^(*) are between 28.40 and 2.21. The average value of L^(*) is 67.40, and median value is 67.30. The value of a^(*) are 2.89 and 2.91 respectively. And for the b^(*), 14.30 and 13.90 were obtained. The data were converted to T### that is the unit count system in CNU-Cons Dental Color Chart. The value of L^(*) is converted in the first digit of the numbering system. Each unit is 2.0 measured values. The second digit is the value of a^(*) and is converted new number by 1.0 measured value. For the third digit b^(*) is replaced and it is 2.0 measured unit apart. T555 was set to the value of L^(*) ranging from 66.0 to 68.0, value of a^(*) ranging from 3 to 4 and b^(*) value ranging from 14 to 16.

자기효능증진 교육프로그램이 고혈압 노인의 자기효능감, 자가간호행위 및 혈압에 미치는 효과

유수정,송미순,이윤정 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various Physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior. through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly' hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1.There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2.There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3.There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. 4.There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the, program. and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.

정맥주입 전문간호사가 삽입한 말초삽입형 중심정맥관(PICC) 사용 결과에 대한 후향적 분석

박정윤,박광옥,백미경,김세라,권혜리,양수진 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Intravenous(Ⅳ) access is becoming an increasingly important part of health care today. The current drive for clinical effectiveness and cost-effective health care serves to increase the need for reliable vascular access. Venous access devices were developed to overcome problems associated with limited peripheral access and frequent venipuncture in patients with long-term therapy. Although the peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) have become popular during recent years in USA, its procedure is rare in Korea. Purpose : The goal of this study was to analyze the PICC inserted patient data by Ⅳ CNS intervention. Method : A Total of 62 PICCs were inserted into 51 patients by the Ⅳ CNS during a 10-month period form November, 14, 2002, to October 2, 2W2. Data was obtained retrospectively through chart review. Result : The patient population included 34(54.8%) men and 28(45.2%) women, with a mean age 50.6 years. The main indication for PICC placement was to access vein in poor peripheral venous status(40.3%). The mean served interval for PICC insertions was 16.7 days(range, 2~61 days). The reasons for removal were completed therapy in 18 cases(29.0%), patient death in 13 cases(21.0%), and mechanical or functional PICC problem in 10cases(16.1%). The three PICCs removed for presumed infection, and one had only positive tip cultures(0.2%). Conclusion : PICCs are rapidly growing popularity and required an extended course of Ⅳ therapy.