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Fluoxetine Modulates Corticostriatal Synaptic Transmission through Postsynaptic Mechanism
Cho, Hyeong-Seok,Choi, Se-Joon,Kim, Ki-Jung,Lee, Hyun-Ho,Cho, Young-Jin,Kim, Seong-Yun,Sung, Ki-Wug The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2006 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.10 No.1
Fluoxetine, widely used for the treatment of depression, is known to be a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), however, there are also reports that fluoxetine has direct effects on several receptors. Employing whole-cell patch clamp techniques in rat brain slice, we studied the effects of fluoxetine on corticostriatal synaptic transmission by measuring the change in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC). Acute treatment of rat brain slice with fluoxetine ($10{\mu}M$) significantly decreased the amplitude of sEPSC ($8.1{\pm}3.3$%, n=7), but did not alter its frequency ($99.1{\pm}4.7$%, n=7). Serotonin ($10{\mu}M$) also significantly decreased the amplitude ($81.2{\pm}3.9$%, n=4) of sEPSC, but did not affect its frequency ($105.8{\pm}8.0$, n=4). The effect of fluoxetine was found to have the same trend as that of serotonin. We also found that the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine on sEPSC amplitude ($93.0{\pm}1.9$%, n=8) was significantly blocked, but not serotonin ($84.3{\pm}1.6$%, n=4), when the brain slice was incubated with p-chloroamphetamine ($10{\mu}M$), which depletes serotonin from the axon terminals and blocks its reuptake. These results suggest that fluoxetine inhibits corticostriatal synaptic transmission through postsynaptic, and that these effects are exerted through both serotonin dependent and independent mechanism.
Fluoxetine Modulates Corticostriatal Synaptic Transmission through Postsynaptic Mechanism
Hyeong Seok Cho.Se Joon Choi.Ki-Jung Kim,Hyun Ho Lee,Young Jin Cho,Seong Yun Kim,Ki-Wug Sung 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.10 No.1
Fluoxetine, widely used for the treatment of depression, is known to be a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), however, there are also reports that fluoxetine has direct effects on several receptors. Employing whole-cell patch clamp techniques in rat brain slice, we studied the effects of fluoxetine on corticostriatal synaptic transmission by measuring the change in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC). Acute treatment of rat brain slice with fluoxetine (10μM) significantly decreased the amplitude of sEPSC (84.1⁑3.3%, n=7), but did not alter its frequency (99.1⁑4.7%, n=7). Serotonin (10μM) also significantly decreased the amplitude (81.2⁑3.9%, n=4) of sEPSC, but did not affect its frequency (105.8⁑8.0, n=4). The effect of fluoxetine was found to have the same trend as that of serotonin. We also found that the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine on sEPSC amplitude (93.0⁑1.9%, n=8) was significantly blocked, but not serotonin (84.3⁑1.6%, n=4), when the brain slice was incubated with p-chloroamphetamine (10μM), which depletes serotonin from the axon terminals and blocks its reuptake. These results suggest that fluoxetine inhibits corticostriatal synaptic transmission through postsynaptic, and that these effects are exerted through both serotonin dependent and independent mechanism.
5-Hydroxytryptamine Inhibits Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in Rat Corticostriatal Brain Slice
Hyeong Seok Cho,Se Joon Choi,Ki-Jung Kim,Hyun Ho Lee,Seong Yun Kim,Young Jin Cho,Ki-Wug Sung 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.5
Striatum is involved in the control of movement and habitual memory. It receives glutamatergic input from wide area of the cerebral cortex as well as an extensive serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) input from the raphe nuclei. In our study, the effects of 5-HT on synaptic transmission were studied in the rat corticostriatal brain slice using in vitro whole-cell recording technique. 5-HT inhibited the amplitude as well as frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) significantly, and neither γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)<SUB>A</SUB> receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC), nor N-methyl-<SUB>D</SUB>-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, <SUB>DL</SUB>-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-V) could block the effect of 5-HT. In the presence non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenxo[f] quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), the inhibitory effect of 5-HT was blocked. We also figured out that 5-HT change the channel kinetics of the sEPSC. There was a significant increase in the rise time during the 5-HT application. Our results suggest that 5-HT has an effect on both pre- and postsynaptic site with decreasing neurotransmitter release probability of glutamate and decreasing the sensitivity to glutamate by increasing the rise time of non-NMDA receptor mediated synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal synapses.
5-Hydroxytryptamine Inhibits Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in Rat Corticostriatal Brain Slice
Cho, Hyeong-Seok,Choi, Se-Joon,Kim, Ki-Jung,Lee, Hyun-Ho,Kim, Seong-Yun,Cho, Young-Jin,Sung, Ki-Wug The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.5
Striatum is involved in the control of movement and habitual memory. It receives glutamatergic input from wide area of the cerebral cortex as well as an extensive serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) input from the raphe nuclei. In our study, the effects of 5-HT on synaptic transmission were studied in the rat corticostriatal brain slice using in vitro whole-cell recording technique. 5-HT inhibited the amplitude as well as frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) significantly, and neither ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA)A receptor antagonist bicuculline (BIC), nor $N-methyl-_{D}-aspartate$ (NMDA) receptor antagonist, $_{DL}-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric$ acid (AP-V) could block the effect of 5-HT. In the presence non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenxo[f] quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), the inhibitory effect of 5-HT was blocked. We also figured out that 5-HT change the channel kinetics of the sEPSC. There was a significant increase in the rise time during the 5-HT application. Our results suggest that 5-HT has an effect on both pre- and postsynaptic site with decreasing neurotransmitter release probability of glutamate and decreasing the sensitivity to glutamate by increasing the rise time of non-NMDA receptor mediated synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal synapses.
몬테카를로 전산해석에 의한 X선 실습실의 공간선량분포 평가
조윤형(Yun-Hyeong Cho),강보선(Bo Sun Kang ) 한국방사선학회 2017 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.6
본 연구에서는 몬테카를로 전산해석법으로 K대학교 진료영상 촬영 실습실의 방사선 조사실과 발생장치 제어실 내부 공간 유효선량률 분포 계산을 수행하였다. 방사선 발생장치는 최대 관전압 150 kVp에 최대 관전류 700 mA이다. 전산해석 결과를 이용하여 차폐문이 닫힌 경우와 열린 경우의 진료영상 촬영 실습실의 공간선량 분포를 비교 평가하였다. 결과적으로, 차폐문이 열린 경우에도 방사선 발생장치 제어실의 유효선 량률은 학생(수시출입자)의 연간 유효선량률 한도(6 mSv/y)를 초과하지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 하지 만, 차폐문이 열려있을 때의 유효선량률이 차폐문이 닫힌 경우에 비해 납유리 앞에서는 약 16배, 차폐문 앞에서는 약 3,000배 더 높기 때문에 실습 중에 차폐문을 닫는 것이 불필요한 방사선 피폭을 크게 줄인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. In this study, the calculation of the effective spatial dose distribution of the diagnostic imaging laboratory of K university was performed by the Monte Carlo simulation. The radiation generator has a maximum tube voltage of 150 kVp and a maximum current of 700 mA. Using the results, we compared the spatial effective dose distributions of diagnostic imaging laboratory when the shielding door was closed and opened. In conclusion, it was found that the effective dose in the operating room of the diagnostic imaging laboratory does not exceed the annual dose limit (6 mSv/y) of the student (occasional visitor) even when the door is opened. However, since the effective dose when the door is open is about 16 times higher in front of the lead glass window and about 3,000 times higher in front of the doorway than the case when the door is closed, closing the shielding door at the time of the practical exercising reduces unnecessary radiation exposure by great extent.
몬테카를로 전산해석법을 이용한 물질 별 양성자 빔 덤프 방사화 분석
조윤형(Yun-Hyeong Cho),김선아(Suna Kim),이상진(Sangjin Lee),강보선(Bo Sun Kang) 한국방사선학회 2015 한국방사선학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.춘계
빔 덤프는 굴절구역이나 빔 라인의 끝에 설치되는 빔 제동기구이다. 빔 덤프는 빔 굴절 장치의 고장으로 인해 빔이 굴절되지 않는 경우 가속기 시설과 사용자의 보호를 위해서 설치되거나 또는 빔 라인의 끝에서 빔을 정지시키기 위해 사용된다. 빔 덤프는 가속기 및 사용자를 심각한 사고로부터 보호하기 위해 설치되는 장치이지만, 빔 덤프 자체의 방사화는 유지보수 작업자 피폭의 주원인이다. 본 연구에서는 빔 덤프 물질로 자주 사용되는 탄소, 구리, SUS 304, 티타늄, 텅스텐 그리고 물에 대해 방사화 평가를 수행하였다. MCNPX 2.7과 SP-FISPACT를 이용한 2-step 분석으로 빔 덤프의 물질에 따른 방사능 농도의 차이를 평가하였다. 1 GeV 양성자 빔으로 연간 운전 6,480 시간과 냉각 2,280 시간을 반복하여 총 30 년간 운전할 때 빔 덤프의 방사화 평가 및 운전 종료 후 100년 동안 냉각시간 별 방사능 농도 감쇠에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. Beam dump is a beam stopping device that is installed at the end of the bending edge area or at the end of the beam line. It is installed to protect accelerator devices and users from the beam when the beam is not steered properly due to the malfunction of beam steering device or to stop the beam at the end of the beam line. Though the dump is a device installed to protect the components and users from serious accidents, the radiation from the activation of the dump is the major cause of the exposure of persons who work for maintenance. In this study, we evaluated activation of dump materials such as carbon, copper, SUS 304, titanium, tungsten and water. 2-step analysis using MCNPX 2.7 and SP-FISPACT was applied to evaluate the difference in activity concentration when the different material was used for the dump. Activation analysis of dump was accomplished for 1 GeV proton beam with the repeat of operation 6,480 hours of operation and 2,280 hours of cooling for 30 years, then the decay of activity concentration for 100 years after the facility shutdown was evaluated.