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- 저자 : Yuen-Ping Ho (검색결과 3 건)
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The Impact of R&D on the Singaporean Economy
Yuen-Ping Ho,Poh-Kam Wong 과학기술정책연구원 2017 STI Policy Review Vol.8 No.1
There has been a pronounced increase in research and development (R&D) expenditure in Singapore over the last two decades, with government spending accounting for a sizeable share. This increase has been spurred by public policy emphasis on research and innovation as engines of economic growth. This paper analyses the impact of R&D on economic performance in Singapore from 1978 to 2012 through the use of time series analysis. The Cobb-Douglas based analysis shows a long-run equilibrium relationship between Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and R&D investments. We found that the short-run productivity of R&D in Singapore is comparable to smaller advanced economies in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). However, in terms of long-run R&D productivity, Singapore lags slightly behind the smaller OECD nations and far behind the G7 countries. This suggests leakage of value capture and low absorptive capacity in local firms. Possibility of productivity improvements induced by policy changes in the 1990s was considered, but no evidence of significant structural breaks was found. Lastly, Granger causality analysis reveals that public sector R&D augments private sector R&D capital, thus playing an important role in generating externalities and spillover effects. Policy implications and lessons for other middle-income countries are discussed.
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Sunlight Exposure and Breast Density: A Population-Based Study
Sheng-Hui Wu,Edwin So,Tsz-ping Lam,Jean Woo,PY Yuen,Ling Qin,Susanna Ku,Suzanne C. Ho 한국유방암학회 2013 Journal of breast cancer Vol.16 No.2
Purpose: This study aims to assess the association of sunlight exposure with breast cancer risk, measured by the breast density assessed from Tabár’s mammographic pattern in Chinese women. Methods: A total of 676 premenopausal women were recruited to participate in this study, in which 650 completed a validated sunlight exposure questionnaire via telephone. The mammograms were classified according to Tabár’s classification for parenchyma, and patterns IV & V and I, II & III indicated respectively high and low risk mammographic patterns for breast cancer. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sun exposure-related variables were estimated using unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Among 646 participants, women with high breast cancer risk (Tabár’s patterns IV &V) had less hours spent in the sun than those with low risk (I, II & III) at any age stage. A higher level of sunlight exposure was associated with a significantly lower risk having high risk Tabár’s pattern. Women aged 40 to 44 years who were in the highest tertile of lifetime total hours spent in the sun had a multi-adjusted OR of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.18-0.92; p for trend=0.03) compared with those in the lowest tertile (>2.19 hr/day vs. <1.32 hr/day). For hours spent in the sun across the ages of 6 to 12 years, the comparable OR was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.15-0.91; p for trend=0.03). Conclusion: These findings suggest that higher sunlight exposure is related to a lower risk of having high risk breast density pattern in premenopausal women. Our results also suggest the most relevant period of exposure is during earlier life.
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Annette Singh,Poh-Kam Wong,Yuen-Ping Ho 기술경영경제학회 2015 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.23 No.2
The Triple Helix model highlights the ‘third mission’ of universities to engage in IP(intellectual property) creation and technology transfer activities further downstream. Thispaper uses publications data and US patent data to examine the role played by leadingresearch-intensive universities in the national innovation systems of the emerging economyof China and the newly industrialised economies (NIE) of Singapore, Hong Kong, Koreaand Taiwan. Our analysis highlights significant differences amongst these five East Asianeconomies, and also reveals contrasts to observed patterns in the USA and Europe. Ourfindings confirm that universities in the five economies have increased their contribution totheir respective national innovation systems in terms of research output and R&Dcollaboration. The NIE universities experienced rapid patent growth rates over 1995–2005,followed by Chinese universities in the subsequent period of 2006–2010. However, thecontribution of universities in all five East Asian economies to the total volume of IPcreation in their economies generally remains low. Moreover, patent quality is lowcompared to patents from non-university sectors, suggesting weak technologycommercialisation impacts.
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