Locating Aftermaths : Politics of Re‐Scale and Cartographies of Connection in The Surrendered

Yu‐yen Liu 21세기영어영문학회 2013 21세기영어영문학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.09

북한과 중국의 영화 교류 연구(1956~1966)

유우 ( Liu¸ Yu ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2020 비교문화연구 Vol.59 No.-

본 논문은 1956년 북한에서 발발한 ‘8월 종파사건’을 기점으로 1966년 중국에서 문화대혁명이 본격적으로 시작되기 전에 이르는, 약 10년 동안 북한과 중국사이에 펼쳐진 영화 교류에 관한 역사를 다루고 있다. 북한이나 중국에서 영화는 모두 당보의 사설과 같이 호소성이 높은 예술형식으로 중요시되고 있다. 북한과 중국 간의 영화교류는 양국 정치ㆍ외교 관계의 상호 의존적 관계 속에서 이루어졌는데, 예술성을 탐구하거나 상업성을 추구하는 것보다는 정치적 소통의 의미가 컸다. 즉 영화는 국가 간 친선과 연대를 강화하는 동시에 공통적인 정치적 이데올로기를 선전하고 선동하는 보조적 수단으로서 뚜렷한 존재감을 나타냈다. 1950년 한국전쟁이 일어났음에도 불구하고 해방부터 지속해 온 북한과 중국의 영화교류 활동은 이어지고 있었다. 하지만 1956년 북한 ‘8월 종파사건’의 발발로 인해 과거 전쟁을 거쳐 이른바 ‘피로 맺어진 혈맹’으로 접어들었던 북ㆍ중 관계가 일시적으로 냉각되면서, 정치색이 짙은 영화교류에서 이례적 중단이 찾아왔다. 이때부터 양국은 협력과 밀착은 물론, 냉각과 굴절도 함께 경험해왔다. 특히 1950년대 말부터 북한 주둔 중국인민지원군의 완전 철수, 중ㆍ소 분쟁의 시작 등 역사적 사건으로 북한과 중국은 균열과 봉합을 겪으면서 양국 간 영화교류의 전개에 있어서도 색다른 양상을 보여주었다. 영화교류의 특징, 즉 수용적 측면에서 살펴보면 ‘반제’와 ‘사회주의 건설’이라는 두 가지 주제의 영화가 주류로 부상한다. 모든 것이 이데올로기와 체제를 뛰어넘기가 힘든 이 시기에 사회주의 리얼리즘 수법을 통한 역사의 재조명, 그리고 현실의 포착과 결부하여 당과 국가에 대한 충성심을 제고하게 만드는 것은 시종일관 중요시되어 온 영화의 대중교양적인 측면을 보여준다. This article focused on the history of the movie exchange between North Korea and China for approximately 10 years from the “August Incident” that debuted in North Korea in 1956 to the just before the cultural revolution began in China in 1966. In North Korea and China, all films are regarded as highly appealing art forms, such as editorials in the newspaper operated by the Communist Party. The movie exchange between North Korea and China occurred in a politically and diplomatically interdependent relationship between the two countries. However, the meaning of political communication was greater than exploring artistry or commercialism in both countries. The films strengthened friendship and solidarity between the nations, and at the same time, showed its influence as an auxiliary means to promote and incite common political ideology. Although the Korean War erupted in 1950, the movie exchanges between North Korea and China continued, which had been practiced since independence. However, as the relationship between North Korea and China temporarily cooled which had been cold since the ‘Blood Alliance’ through the war in the past due to the outbreak of the “August Incident” in North Korea in 1956, the movie exchanges met with an unusual suspension because of the intense political differences. Since then, the two countries have experienced cooperation and close contact, as well as cooling and refraction. In particular, North Korea and China experienced cracks and sutures regarding historical events since the late 1950s such as the complete withdrawal of Chinese troops stationed in North Korea and conflicts between China and the USSR. Different aspects in the development of movie exchanges between the two countries were shown. In terms of the characteristics of film exchange, that is, in terms of acceptance, movies on two themes such as “Anti-imperialism” and “Construction of the Socialist Country”, are emerging as mainstream thought. In this period when ideology and system could not be overcome, enhancing the loyalty to the Communist Party and the country, which had always been important, shows the mass culture aspect of the movie in connection with the re-illumination of history through socialist realism techniques and the capture of reality.

Effect of Cooking and Nutrition Education Increases Vegetable Consumption in Children: A Study Protocol

Yu Liu(Yu Liu) 한국공공가치학회 2022 공공가치연구 Vol.4 No.1

한국전쟁기 중국에서의 북한영화에 관한 연구

LIU YU 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2016 현대영화연구 Vol.12 No.3

This article is an analysis about the historical circumstances of film screening in North Korea and social reactions for the debut of the North Korean films which were aroused in the same period. After the liberation, the North Korean film industry was growing rapidly. However, Pyongyang was collapsed because of the airstrike of the U.S. Army right after the outbreak of the Korean War, and the North Korean film producing could not be continued ordinarily. Filmmakers in North Korea insist that they had achieved their filmmaking circumstances during the period of the Korean War by themselves with overcoming a lot of difficulties under the instruction of Kim Il Sung. But the author of this article devoted himself to investigate and reveal some hidden facts that the Northeast Film Studio in China accepted many filmmakers in North Korea and helped them a lot in terms of both material and human resources to make them produce their films from mid 1951 to late 1953. And this article also cover the fact that five North Korean art films which were produced in the period of the Korean War got huge responses after screening in China. The author analyzes those social reactions for the debut of the North Korean films aroused in China and the purpose of the active screening by Chinese government in detail. In the period of the Korean War, Chinese government reinforced nationalism, internationalism and communism. And they tried to inculcate it in Chinese people's mind with screening of those North Korean films, and we can interpret it as a strategy to get extensive support from Chinese people as the government intended right after they established the New China. 이 논문은 중국에서의 북한영화 제작과 상영에 대한 역사적 상황과 당시 등장한 북한영화들이 중국에서 불러 온 사회적 반향을 구체적으로 살펴보고 있다. 해방 직후 북한 영화산업은 북조선영화촬영소의 설립을 거쳐 급속하게 발전하고 있었다. 그러나 한국전쟁이 발발 직후 미군의 폭격으로 평양지역은 파괴되어 예술영화제작은 더 이상 정상적으로 이루어질 수 없었다. 북한에서는 한국전쟁기 북한영화제작이 김일성의 지도하에 북한영화인들이 큰 어려움을 극복하고 북한지역에서 혼자의 힘으로 이루어냈다고 주장하고 있다. 그러나 이 논문에서 본 연구자는 관련 자료를 통해 이러한 주장을 반박하고 중국동북영화제작소에서 1951년 중반부터 1953년 말까지 약 3년간 북조선영화촬영소 영화인들을 수용하여 그들에게 물질적 도움과 인적 지원으로 북한영화가 제작될 수 있게 협조했다는 숨겨진 사실을 복원하는데 주력했다. 또한 이 논문에서는 한국전쟁기 제작된 <소년 빨치산>을 비롯한 5편의 북한예술영화들이 중국에서 상영되어 큰 호응을 얻었다는 사실을 밝혀내었다. 한국전쟁 기간 중 중국정부는 북한의 전쟁선전영화를 상영함으로서 중국인민들에게 민족주의 강화, 국제주의 선양, 공산주의에 대한 신뢰를 강조했다. 이는 신중국 설립 직후 중국정부가 중국인의 광범위한 지지를 얻기 위한 전략으로 해석할 수 있다.

해방기 한중영화 교류 연구

LIU YU 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2015 현대영화연구 Vol.11 No.3

This article is about to reveal the historical facts on exchanging movies between Korea and China during the ‘Liberation Period (After the Second World War and before the 6.25 Korean War)’ and summarize the characteristic by researching the newspapers at that time. Movies in Korea and China were exchanged in two routes during Liberation Period. Some movies were exchanged between South Korea and Nationalist Party of China, and other movies were exchanged between North Korea and Communist Party of China. During the Liberation Period, the Nationalist Party of China imported only one film from South Korea, but the South Korea imported more than ten films from the Nationalist Party of China. From my research, the Communist Party of China also imported only one film from North Korea, and at that time, North Korea imported three films from the Communist Party of China. By investigating movies exchanged between Korea and China, we could figure out common theme and periodic characteristics. After researching the newspapers at that time, we could find that movies exchanged between two powers shared not only artistry, but also economic purpose or political purposes. Moreover, this cultural exchange was used as proganda for establishment of nation. In this article, I will make a deep elaboration. 이 논문은 해방기의 문헌자료들을 통하여 당시(제2차세계대전 이후부터 6.25전쟁 이전까지) 한국과 중국의 영화 교류를 구체적으로 살펴보고 있다. 해방기 한중 영화의 교류는 남한과 중국국민당 사이의 교류와 북한과 중국공산당 사이의 두 가지 축에서 이루어졌다. 남한에서 수입한 중국국민당 영화는 총 열 편이 넘었으나, 중국으로 수출한 영화는 <자유만세> 한 편밖에 없었다. 한편, 북한에서 수입한 중국공산당 영화는 <다리>를 비롯한 총 3편이었으며, 반대로 북한에서 중국으로 수출한 영화는 <내 고향> 한 편이 전부였다. 이 시기에 등장한 영화들을 구체적으로 살펴보면 한중 사이에 교류한 영화들은 주제뿐만 아니라 그것들이 갖고 있는 시대적 특징까지 파악할 수 있다. 예컨대 중국에 수출된 <자유만세>는 중국국민당 입장에서 바라본 항일전쟁과 맥을 같이하고 있고, <내 고향>의 경우 중국공산당의 입장에서 서술한 항일전쟁과 반제국주의적 시각을 공유하고 있다. 중국에서 남한에 수출한 영화나 북한에 수출된 영화도 같은 맥락에서 살필 수 있다. 이렇듯 해방기 한중 영화 교류는 예술의 교류뿐만 아니라 정치적이거나 경제적인 요소를 공유하고, 이를 국가수립과정에서 중요한 선전물로 사용했음을 이 논문을 통해 알 수 있다.

A Pseudo-Plastic Engagement Effect on the Toughening of Discontinuous Fiber-reinforced Brittle Composites

Liu, Xiao Yu,Yan, Wei Dong,Liang, Nai Gang 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.3

In brittle composites, such as whisker reinforced ceramics, the sliding of reinforcing fibers against the frictional resistance of matrix is of a pseudo-plastic deformation mechanism. High aspect-ratio whiskers possess larger pseudo-plastic deformation ability but are usually sparse; while, low aspect-ratio ones were distributed widely in the matrix and show low pseudo-plastic deformation ability (engagement effect), also. A comparative investigation was carried out in present study based on a multi-scale network model. The results indicate that the effect of low aspect-ratio whiskers is of most importance. Improving the engagement coefficient by raising the compactness of material seems a more practical way for optimization of discontinuous fiber-reinforced brittle composites in the present technological condition.

4차 산업혁명 기술의 플랫폼을 활용한 중소기업의 수출 및 유통 개선 전략: 중국 중소기업을 중심으로

( Yu Liu ),( Hui-fang Liu ),정진섭 ( Jin-sup Jung ) 한국유통경영학회(구 한국유통정보학회) 2020 유통경영학회지 Vol.23 No.6

Purpose: This study recognizes the importance of platforms in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, and applies them to small and medium enterprises (SMEs). If we narrow down further, it is important to have a high-tech platform to expand exports or distribution of SMEs. In other words, we want to emphasize the importance of export and distribution platforms in improving the management performance of SMEs. Research design, data, and methodology: The key capabilities and activities - marketing competency, business strategy, production system, and logistics systems - were used as independent variables, and the dependent variable was business performance. We also analyzed the impact of export and distribution platform based on the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology as mediating variables on the business performance of SMEs. The questionnaire in this study used a five-point scale and the survey period was from March 15 to April 15, 2020. A survey was conducted on SMEs based in Shandong Province, China. A total of 289 survey data were used for the final analysis. Results: First of all, marketing competency, business strategy, production system, and logistics system [independent variables] have positive effects on both export platform and distribution platform. Subsequently, independent variables, which were value chain-based capabilities and activities, have positive effects on business performance. Finally, both export platform and distribution platform showed positive partial mediating effects on business performance of SMEs. Conclusions: Results shows that the use of the platform based on the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology can enhance business performance. Therefore, in subsequent studies to be based on this study, the issue of "how to create a useful export platform and improve the distribution platform" will be more important. In particular, this article presents meaningful implications in terms of applying the state-of-the-art platform of export and distribution to enhance business performance of SMEs.

Short Low Concentration Cisplatin Treatment Leads to an Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition-like Response in DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells

Liu, Yi-Qing,Zhang, Guo-An,Zhang, Bing-Chang,Wang, Yong,Liu, Zheng,Jiao, Yu-Lian,Liu, Ning,Zhao, Yue-Ran Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the main causes of cancer death, and drug resistance is the leading reason for therapy failure. However, how this occurs is largely unknown. We therrfore aimed to study the response of DU145 cells to cisplatin. Materials and Methods: Du145 prostate cancer cells were treated with a low dose of cisplatin for 24 h and cell viability and number were determined by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. The real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess responses to cisplatin treatment. Results: After 24h $2{\mu}g/ml$ treatment did not result in significant reduction in cell viability or number. However, it led to enhanced cancer cell invasiveness. E-cadherin mRNA was reduced, and vimentin, Snail, Slug, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) mRNA expression increased significantly, a feature of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusions: Short time low concentration cisplatin treatment leads to elevated invasiveness of DU145 cancer cells and this is possibly due to EMT.

Research on Camera Calibration method Based on Eight Parameter Model

Yu Shuchun,Liu Shuang,Yu Xiaoyang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.9

Camera calibration is the basis for realization of image distortion correction. Because the causes of image distortion are very complex, it has become a difficulty to correct image distortion with calibration results. In order to reduce the complexity of the existing distortion correction method, an eight parameters camera calibration model was proposed in this paper. In this model, eight parameters were used in describing radial distortion and tangential distortion. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be easily solved and correct distortion accurately.

Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Alcohol with Chiral BINOL-Based Alkoxides: A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Liu, Yidong,Liu, Song,Li, Dongmei,Zhang, Nan,Peng, Lei,Ao, Jun,Song, Choong Eui,Lan, Yu,Yan, Hailong American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.2

<P>The development and characterization of enantioselective catalytic kinetic resolution of allylic alcohols through asymmetric isomerization with chiral BINOL derivatives-based alkoxides as bifunctional Brønsted base catalysts were described in the study. A number of chiral BINOL derivatives-based alkoxides were synthesized, and their structure-enantioselectivity correlation study in asymmetric isomerization identified a promising chiral Brønsted base catalyst, which afforded various chiral secondary allylic alcohols (ee up to 99%, <I>S</I> factor up to >200). In the mechanistic study, alkoxide species were identified as active species and the phenol group of BINOL largely affected the high reactivity and enantioselectivity via hydrogen bonding between the chiral Brønsted base catalyst and substrates. The strategy is the first successful synthesis strategy of various chiral secondary allylic alcohols through enantioselective transition-metal-free base-catalyzed isomerization. The applicability of the strategy had been demonstrated by the synthesis of the bioactive natural product (+)-veraguensin.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>