授業獎學의 評價機能에 관한 연구

姜永三(Youngsam Kahng) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1987 교육논총 Vol.6 No.-

  The purpose of this study was to identify the descriptive characteristics of the evaluation system as a function of instructional supervision in school organization.   To accomplish this purpose, the related literatures were reviewed in terms of (1) purposes of evaluation, (2) objects of evaluation, (3) evaluators, (4) method, process, and procedures of evaluation, and (5) instruments.   The following characteristics were identified as results of this study.   (1) In general, evaluation system has been gradually concerned as an important function of instructional supervision since 1980s in the United States.   (2) The purpose of evaluation of instructional supervisions has been mainly to improve the quality of instruction. However, it seems to be changing and gradually emphasizing on administrative purpose and improvement of instructional programs as well.   (3) The objects of evaluation system was mainly to appraise the outcomes of teaching but they are gradually changing to focus on teacher"s teaching behavior and instructional program in school as well.   (4) Evaluators of the instructional supervision might be administrators, supervisors, evaluation specialists, teachers themselves, students, peer teachers and parents. Especially self-evaluation was recognized as very useful and supplementary to administrative evaluation.   (5) The rating scale, ability test, and observation were known as useful methods to measure the objects to be evaluated. The conferences were also used as an effective evaluation process in the United States but rarely used in Korea.   (6) Various types of evaluation instruments were used on the basis of different evaluation criteria, purposes, evaluators, and processes. However, typical instrument for evaluation was composed of items to measure the quality of teacher, professional growth, and teacher"s competence and performance.   From the results, the followings were suggested.   (1) The evaluation system as a function of instructional supervision should be developed and used for not only administrative purposes but also improvement of teaching behavior and instructional program.   (2) The current evaluation system in Korea should be examined to improve the measuring system which could not evaluate the teacher"s teaching behavior on the basis of competence and performance.   (3) An applicable model of evaluation system for instructional supervision should be developed by university researchers and evaluation specialists and examined to be used by supervisors, administrators, and teachers.

교육행정학 연구에서의 문화기술적 접근에 관한 연구

姜永三(Kahng Youngsam) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1993 교육논총 Vol.12 No.-

奬學行政發展을 위한 政策的 課題와 展望

姜永三(Kahng Youngsam) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1994 교육논총 Vol.13 No.-

獎學行政의 逆機能的 現象에 관한 硏究

姜永三(Kahng Youngsam) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1983 교육논총 Vol.2 No.-

  The purpose of this study was to find the dysfunctional elements effecting negatively in supervisory organization levels: Ministry of Education, School Board of Education, school, and classroom.   The related literature was reviewed and an open question form was used to collect data. Respondents, who were 240 vice-principals of elementary and secondary schools from nation-wide samples, described one of the most serious problems as perceived in present situation in each supervisory organization level: Ministry of Education, School Board of Education, school, and classroom.   Findings were as follows:   (1) Supervisory functions were found differently in supervisory organization level: ministry, school board, school, and classroom.   (2) The dysfunctional elements in supervision were found in bureaucratic characteristics, organizational politics, informal structures, and professional bureaucratic conflict in educational organizations.   (3) The problems in supervisory behavior were found in each supervisory organization level; ministry, school board, school and classroom. Selected problems frequently found in each supervisory organization level were ① frequent change of the supervisory quidelines in the ministry level, ② strong emphasis of line function in the school board level, ③ negligence of professional development for teachers, and ④ insufficient situation for clinical supervision.   In conclusion, it was recognized that dysfunctional elements were identified in bureaucratic structures, organizational politics, informal structures, and professional-bureaucratic conflict in educational organizations, and associated with the negative effect to supervisory behavior.   There are some problems which should be solved to improve the supervirory function and behavior in each supervisory organization level. It is not easy to improve the present problem situations, but the long and short range programs should be planned and included in pre- service and in-service education programs for supervisory personnel in all levels.

Emerging Research Methodology in Educational Administration

Youngsam Kahng(姜永三) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1986 교육논총 Vol.5 No.-

  1980년대에 들어와서 교육행정학 연구에 새로운 방법이 모색되어 왔음을 미국의 교육행정학 관계 학술 잡지들에서 간파할 수가 있다.   이 글에서는 먼저 종래의 교육행정학 연구방법의 특징을 알아보고, 다음으로 새로운 연구방법이 어떤 것인지를 알아 보았다. 이 글을 쓰기 위한 자료는 주로 1980년 이후에 발표되었으면서 연구방법에 관련된 교육행정학 분야의 연구논문을 중심으로 하였다.   관계문헌들을 고찰한 결과 종래의 교육행정학 연구방법은 조사연구가 압도적이었는데도 모두가 훌륭한 것이라고는 평가되지 못하고 있다. 이러한 종래의 연구방법은 주로 사회과학과 행동과학에서 널리 활용되는 것을 교육행정학에서 원용한 것이었으며, 이러한 연구방법은 실증주의 철학에 기초를 두고 있음을 알 수 있었다.   그러나 1980년대에 들어서는 종래의 교육행정학 연구방법에 대한 비평이 미국내에서도 가해지면서 종래와는 다른 연구방법을 시도하려고 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 시도로서 최근에 발표된 학술논문 가운데 종래와 달리 새로이 교육행정학 연구방법에 원용될 만한 것으로 “에스노그래픽 어퍼로취”(ethnographic approach)와 고차워적 연구방법이 소개되고 있다. 전자는 주로 사회학과 문화인류학에서 후자는 사회과학과 행동과학에서 주로 활용되고 있는 것으로 교육행정학의 새로운 연구방법으로 유용하다고 보고 있다. 특히 이들 새로운 연구방법은 定量分析보다는 定性分析에 더 치중하고 있는 특징도 나타나고 있다.   종래의 연구방법에서 탈피하려는 관심은 美國에서보다 美國을 위시한 캐나다나 오스트랄랄리아 등에서 더 일찌기 나타나기 시작한 것으로 보고 있으나 1980년 이후에는 미국에서도 흔히 강조되고 있음을 알 수 있다.   본 연구는 미국에서 볼 수 있는 새로운 교육행정학 연구동향을 간추려 소개하는데 의의가 있으며, 또 우리의 교육행정학 연구에서도 종래의 단순한 定量分析的 차원에서 벗어나 한 차원 더 높은 定量分析的 연구와 定性分析的 연구방법을 모색해 봄으로서 교육행정학 연구의 발전에 기여할 수 있음을 시사하는데 의미가 있다.

未來敎育行政의 展望과 課題에 관한 考察

姜永三(Kahng Youngsam) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1988 교육논총 Vol.7 No.-

獎學行政 組織의 效率化에 관한 硏究

姜永三(Youngsam Kahng) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1985 교육논총 Vol.4 No.-

  The purposes of this study were to conceptualize the effectiveness and efficiency in supervisory organization, to review the problems of current administrative supervisory system, and to suggest the directions for the effectiveness and efficiency of supervisory organization.   Some related literature were reviewed and used to conceptualize the effectiveness and efficiency in supervisory organization.   Some results of recent research papers and reports published mainly in 1980" s in Korea were reviewed.   The results of this study were as follows:   1. By the combination of the degree of the effectiveness and the efficiency, four different types of organization were presented as Figure 1.   2. The degree of the effectiveness and efficiency was determined upon the different degree of effectiveness and different degree of efficiency as Figure 2.   3. Difficulties in current supervisory organization were identified as follows:   (1) Power and authory of supervisory personnel were centralized.   (2) In the struture of the Ministry of Education, the line function was more powerful than staff function.   (3) The current organizational chart of the Board of Education was not structured for improving the supervisory function.   (4) There were some conflicts between supervisory personnel and administrative personnel because of unballance of organizational positions.   (5) Shortage of supervisor was found.   (6) Supervisors had conflict because of the heavy burden of administrative chores.   (7) Financial support for supervisory function was not sufficient.   4. The directions for the effective and efficient supervisory organization were suggested as follows:   (1) Strengthen the staff function for supervision in the Ministry of Education.   (2) Vitalization of the administrative and instructional supervisory sytsem in the Board of Education.   (3) Vitalization of the instructional supervision at school level.   (4) Differentiation of the positions of supervsiory personnel.   (5) Specialization of supervisory function.   (6) Strengthen the financial supporting system.

敎育實習體制模型開發에 관한 硏究

申仲植(Shin Joong-Shik),姜永三(Kahng Youngsam),張?孝(Chang Un-hyo),趙元浩(Cho Won-ho),申次均(Shin Cha-gyun) 국민대학교 교육연구소 1988 교육논총 Vol.7 No.-

韓國大學의 管理情報體制 確立을 위한 컴퓨터의 導入 및 活用에 관한 硏究

姜永三 東亞大學校 敎育大學院 1980 敎育大學院 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 大學의 교육관리정보체제의 확립을 위한 可能性 및 컴퓨터의 도입 및 활용의 실제를 알아보는 것이었다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 문헌연구를 통해 질문지를 작성하고 이 질문지에 의해 실제를 조사하였다. 조사의 대상은 전체 4년제 대학 및 대학교와 교육대학으로 하였으나 회신을 보내준 대학은 그 半정도였다. 그러나 컴퓨터를 활용하고 있는 대학들은 거의 모두가 참여하였다. 수집된 자료는 컴퓨터의 導入, 施行, 確保, 計劃과 管理情報體制의 計劃, 活用, 評價에 관하여 分析하되 公ㆍ私立別, 學生規模別, 體制別로 比較할 수 있도록 하였다. 資料의 처리는 對象 大學敎가 적어서 빈도수에 의한 비교만 하였다. 본 연구의 結果를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.컴퓨터는 주로 종합대학교에서 어떤 경우든 사용되고 있으나 아주 소수의 大學校에서만 이용되고 있다. 2.현재 보유되고 있는 컴퓨터는 그 종퓨가 다양하다. 3.단과대학에서는 컴퓨터 회사나 연구소의 컴퓨터를 주로 빌려쓰고 있는 형편이다. 그러나 대체로 2년 이내에 컴퓨터 시설을 확보할 계획이 되어 있다. 4.우리나라에서 컴퓨터가 보유되게 된것은 행정의 신속화와 간소화를 위해 70년대 중반부터 였다. 5.컴퓨터 도입을 위한 계획은 주로 1년이상 걸렸으며 計劃過程에서 대학교수가 가장 협조적이었으며 교무처장, 학장, 총장들도 비교적 협조적이었다. 6.컴퓨터를 이용한 관리 정보체제는 부분적으로활용하고 있는 편이나 앞으로 더 많이 활용할 계획들이다. 7.MIS 개발에 걸린 시간은 대체로 1년미남이였으나 최초의 마스트 프랜에는 차질이 있었으며 그 원인은 주로 재정 부족에서 였다. 8.MIS 개발에 있어서 주로 수학, 사회과학, 기계공학을 전공한 교수들이 많이 참여하였다. 9.MIS의 정보영역은 주로 학사정보에 관련 되었으며, 인사 및 재정 정보를 위해 사용되기도 하였으나 학생 및 인사 정보를 위해서는 극히 제한된 편이다. 10.컴퓨터의 자료처리 양식은 어떤 정보 영역에서든 베취/펀치카드가 제일 흔히 사용되고 있다. 11.컴퓨터 활용과 관련하여 특강 형식의 교직원 연수교육을 수시로 실시하고 있으며, 그 대상은 주로 일반 행정직과 교수직을 비롯하여 사무과장, 처장등이다. 이 교육의 성과는 대체로 좋은 편이 었으며 교육의 필요성은 절대적으로 강조되고 있다. 12.컴퓨터 사용결과는 사무직원의 업무와 교수의 연구에 아주 도움을 주고 있으며 중간 관리층의 자료분석, 기획, 행정 책임자의 의사 결정에 다소 도움을 주고 있다. 13.컴퓨터 사용후 자료처리 요원과 보조직원은 증가한데 비해 고급 행정요원과 중간관리층 요원은 변화가 없었다. 14.MIS의 활용에 의해서 보고 활동의 표준화, 부서간 정보중복의 감소, 행정의 신속화 및 간소화의 효과를 가져왔다. The purposes of this study were (!) to determine the extent of utilzation of computer for implementing management information systems within colleges and universities throughout the country; (2) to identify plans for establishing a computer-based information system incolleges and unversities where none is presently on operation; (3)to determine the status of computer-based information systems in higher education in Korea. A questionnaire was constructed from a review of the literature. A copy of the questionnaire was mailed to all deans of Academic Affairs of 95 institutions which were 11 two-year teachers' colleges, 55 colleges, and 29 universities throughout KOrea. Complete returns were received from over 47 percent of the institutions. Responses for each question of the questionnaire were reported by frequency. findings were as follows: 1.Only a few universities had possessed or used various kinds of computer mainly for administrative purposes since the middle of 1970s'. 2.some colleges used computers operating by computer companies and some research institutions but they had plan to have their own computer systems within two years. 3.It took more than one year for instituions, where is presently on operation, to plan a new computer system. 4.There were some difficulties to carry on the first master plan for implementing management informatino systems because of the lack of financial support. 5.Professors of Mathematics, Social Sciences, or Mechanical Engineering had mainly participated in planning and implementing a computer-based information system. 6.Management information system had mostly established to use for academic informations rather than personnel, financial and student informations. 7.Batch/punch card system was mostly used as a data processing system for any kinds of informations. 8.In-service education was needed for administrators, professors, and clerical staffs to improve the mutual understanding in using computer-based management information systems. 9.Computer was very useful and helpful for clerical works and academic researches but a little helpful for data analysis by middle managers and decision-making by top administrators. 10.There had been no changes in the number of the personnel for top level administration and middle management while there had been some increases in the number of the personnel for data processing and system operation since computer was operated. 11.There were some administrative impacts on such as the standardization of report activities, the decreases of information duplication between departments, and a speedy administrative process. 12.Small colleges had plans to operate computer system and develop computer-based management information systems innear future. Base on the findings, conclusions were as follows: 1.Computer systems were bugun to use for higher education in the middle of 1970s' Twenty-five percent of all four-year colleges and universities throughout the country has recently used computer systems. 2.It was identified that computer systems were necessary for assisting administration and establishing MIS but they were not diffused enough. 3.Sine\ce the importance of computer system and MIS in higher education was gradually recognized it was expected that most institution would have plan to possess their own computer system and MIS or to rent the system in near future. 4.For the development of computer-based MIS, there were some factors needed such as (1)cooperations and understandings of both the administrative and technical personnels, (2)training to be qualified technical and operational personnels, (3)inservice education for users, and (4)support by top administrators. 5.Generally, the status of utilization of computer for MIS in Korea was far beyond the developed countries.