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Ha Young‐Ran,Jeong Se‐Jin,Jang Chang‐Won,Chang Kyu‐Sik,Kim Hyun‐Woo,Cho Shin‐Hyoung,Lee Hee‐Il 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.2
Mosquitoes have adapted to various environmental conditions. Symbionts with mosquitoes impact this adaptation in different environments. In the field, mosquitoes could get exposed to antibiotics during their developmental period, which could reduce or eliminate their symbiotic microbes. However, the side effects of the antibiotics on the ovary and reproductive physiology of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline at environmentally acceptable levels on the reproductive physiology of ovaries in Ae. albopictus. Rifampicin and tetracycline in combination reduced the hatching rate and fertility of Ae. albopictus compared to the untreated control group. These antibiotics induced histopathological damage and reactive oxygen species production in the ovaries. The combination of antibiotics decreased the expression of surface protein of Wolbachia (WSP) in Ae. albopictus. Additionally, the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Myd88 were triggered by the combinations. The findings demonstrate the detrimental effects of antibiotics, particularly combinations of rifampicin and tetracycline, on the reproductive capacity of Ae. albopictus females.
남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태
정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2
남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.
Soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in a warm-temperature and sub-alpine forest in Jeju, South Korea
Jeong, Heon-Mo,Jang, Rae-Ha,Kim, Hae-Ran,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2017 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.41 No.6
Background: This study investigated the temporal variation in soil $CO_2$ efflux and its relationship with soil temperature and precipitation in the Quercus glauca and Abies koreana forests in Jeju Island, South Korea, from August 2010 to December 2012. Q. glauca and A. koreana forests are typical vegetation of warm-temperate evergreen forest zone and sub-alpine coniferous forest zone, respectively, in Jeju island. Results: The mean soil $CO_2$ efflux of Q. glauca forest was $0.7g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ at $14.3^{\circ}C$ and that of A. koreana forest was $0.4g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ at $6.8^{\circ}C$. The cumulative annual soil $CO_2$ efflux of Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was 54.2 and $34.2t\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Total accumulated soil carbon efflux in Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was 29.5 and $18.7t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for 2 years, respectively. The relationship between soil $CO_2$ efflux and soil temperate at 10 cm depth was highly significant in the Q. glauca ($r^2=0.853$) and A. koreana forests ($r^2=0.842$). Soil temperature was the main controlling factor over $CO_2$ efflux during most of the study period. Also, precipitation may affect soil $CO_2$ efflux that appeared to be an important factor controlling the efflux rate. Conclusions: Soil $CO_2$ efflux was affected by soil temperature as the dominant control and moisture as the limiting factor. The difference of soil $CO_2$ efflux between of Q. glauca and A. koreana forests was induced by soil temperature to altitude and regional precipitation.
α-2,3 Sialylation on Neural Cell Surface N-Glycans Increases during Glucose Deprivation
Ha Na Choi,Yoon Hee Lee,Doo Jin Choi,Hey Ran Moon,Young-Kug Choo,Su-Il Do,Yong Il Park 한국당과학회 2010 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1
Sialic acids are typically found as terminal monosaccharides attached to the cell surface glycoconjugates and play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes, including microbe binding that leads to infections, regulation of the immune response, the progression and spread of human malignancies, differentiation, development, canceration, and degenerative diseases (1-3). UDP-GlcNAc is a metabolic precursor of sialic acids. Thus, glucose metabolism and regulation of metabolic flux of UDT-GlcNAc critically affect the expression of cell surface sialic acid and nervous system function (4,5). Here, we investigated the expression of sialic acid in human neuroblastoma cell, SK-N-SH, in response to glucose deprivation. When subjected to a glucose-free environment for 24 h, SK-N-SH cells showed severe defects in neurite development and eventually died. During glucose limitation, the expression level of sialic acid of total cellular proteins was examined by lectin blotting using Maackia amunrensis(MAA) lectin and Sambucus nigra(SNA) lectin, which are specific for α-2,3 sialic acid and α-2,6 sialic acid, respectively. Glucose deprivation caused increase in MAA binding to several major proteins (especially, 45 and 75 kDa), suggesting an increased α-2,3 sialylation on these proteins. Lectin histochemistry using MAA lectin also showed a significant increase in surface α,2-3 sialylation upon glucose deprivation. In addition, glucose deprivation resulted in a dose-dependant increase in the mRNA level of ST3GAL4 sialyltransferase by 2.3 folds comparing to that cultured in 2 mg/ml glucose medium, whereas expressions of other sialyltransferases (ST3GAL3, ST3GAL6, and ST6GAL1) were not significantly influenced. These results suggest that glucose deprivation upregulates the α,2-3 sialylation on several cell surface glycoproteins and this phenomenon may be involved in neural cell death by glucose deprivation.
Migration of Aedes albopictus borne Wolbachia infected vero cell line
Young-Ran Ha,Chang-Won Jang,Shin-Hyeong Cho,Kyu-Sik Chang 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Wolbachia is intra-cellular bacteria and frustrate host biology, such as parthenogenesis, feminization, male killing andsperm-egg incompatibility. It has been reported that > 90% of Aedes albopictus are infected with Wolbachia in the Republicof Korea (ROK). However any roles of the Wolbachia strains have not been reported in ROK. In this study, we infectedWolbachia to Vero cell line to investigate the cell migration which is related with the development of multi-cellular organisms,immune response and inflammation. Changes of wound healing and viability in vero cell after Wolbachia infection wereassessed. Cell migration was induced by Wolbachia after 24hr. Cell viability was not affected by Wolbachia after 24hr.This study will be helpful to understand the role of Wolbachia strain and support various information in Dengue andZika vector management programs.
Management of Wolbachia endosymbionts, wAlbA and wAlbB, in Aedes albopictus using antibiotics
Young-Ran Ha,Chang-Won Jang,Hyun-Hee Jung,Young-Ran Joo,Kyu-Sik Jang 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04
Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been involved as the potential vector of imported zika virus disease and dengue fever throughout Republic of Korea. It has been reported that the successful introduction of a life-shortening strain of Wolbachia into Ae. albopictus halves adult lifespan and also directly inhibits the ability of a range of pathogens to infect this mosquito species. In our previous studies, Ae. albopictus collected from field was naturally infected by two strains of Wolbachia (wAlbA and wAlbB). However, virus regulation of two Wolbachia strains in Ae. albopictus have not been assessed, yet. In our studies, the two Wolbachia strains in about 20% among Ae. albopictus were removed for the virus regulation test using tetracycline. In this presentation, the detailed results and methods are introduced.
Induction of cell migration by transient Wolbachia pipientis infection in Aedes albopictus cell line
Ha Young-Ran,Jang Chang-Won,Jeong Se-Jin,Lee Hee-Il 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3
Wolbachia is a genus of maternally transmitted bacteria having an endosymbiotic relationship with arthropod and nematode species. These bacteria manipulate host development, sex-determination, and reproduction. In addition, they are known to potentially suppress vector-borne diseases by interfering with pathogen trans mission. Although the occurrence of Wolbachia infection in insects has been known, the underlying mechanisms that mediate their interactions remain unclear. To examine the influence of Wolbachia adaptation on the host, we infected wAlbA and wAlbB strain from Aedes albopictus into the C6/36 cell line derived from Ae. albopictus. The transient Wolbachia infection was characterized by induction of cell migration without cell proliferation. The production of nitrite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced by transient Wolbachia infection. Cells with transient Wolbachia infection exhibited elevated expression of Toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) and myeloid differ entiation primary response 88 (Myd88). Conversely, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, Cactus, Ankyrin, and Argonaute2 (AGO2) was inhibited upon Wolbachia infection. These results suggest that Wolbachia has an in fluence on the cell migration ability as well as host innate immune response in vitro. Considering these results, transient Wolbachia strain transfer in C6/36 cells might be an important approach for studying Wolbachia-host interactions and might help gain a deeper understanding of the early adaptation of Wolbachia in the original host insect.