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An Experimental Study of the Nozzle Lip Thickness Effect on Supersonic Jet Screech Tones
Aoki Toshiyuki,Kweon Yong-Hun,Miyazato Yoshiaki,Kim Heuy-Dong,Setoguchi Toshiaki The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.4
It is well known that screech tones of supersonic jet are generated by a feedback loop driven by the instability waves. Near the nozzle lip where the supersonic jet mixing layer is receptive to external excitation, acoustic disturbances impinging on this area excite the instability waves. This fact implies that the nozzle lip thickness can influence the screech tones of supersonic jet. The objective of the present study is to experimentally investigate the effect of nozzle-lip thickness on screech tones of supersonic jets issuing from a convergent-divergent nozzle. A baffle plate was installed at the nozzle exit to change the nozzle-lip thickness. Detailed acoustic measurement and flow visualization were made to specify the screech tones. The results obtained obviously show that nozzle-lip thickness significantly affects the screech tones of supersonic jet, strongly depending on whether the jet at the nozzle exit is over-expanded or under-expanded.
An Experimental Study of the Nozzle Lip Thickness Effect on Supersonic Jet Screech Tones
Toshiyuki Aoki,Yong-Hun Kweon,Yoshiaki Miyazato,Heuy-Dong Kim,Toshiaki Setoguchi 대한기계학회 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.4
It is well known that screech tones of supersonic jet are generated by a feedback loop driven by the instability waves. Near the nozzle lip where the supersonic jet mixing layer is receptive to external excitation, acoustic disturbances impinging on this area excite the instability waves. This fact implies that the nozzle lip thickness can influence the screech tones of supersonic jet. The objective of the present study is to experimentally investigate the effect of nozzle-lip thickness on screech tones of supersonic jets issuing from a convergent-divergent nozzle. A baffle plate was installed at the nozzle exit to change the nozzle-lip thickness. Detailed acoustic measurement and flow visualization were made to specify the screech tones. The results obtained obviously show that nozzle-lip thickness significantly affects the screech tones of supersonic jet, strongly depending on whether the jet at the nozzle exit is over-expanded or under-expanded.
Park, Seong Bin,Hikima, Jun-ichi,Suzuki, Yoshiaki,Ohtani, Maki,Nho, Seong Won,Cha, In Seok,Jang, Ho Bin,Kondo, Hidehiro,Hirono, Ikuo,Aoki, Takashi,Jung, Tae Sung Elsevier 2012 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.36 No.4
<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► The gene encoding nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) was cloned in olive flounder. ► NOD1 was expressed in all fish tissues examined. ► NOD1 mRNA levels was elevated in fish infected with <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I>, <I>Streptococcus iniae</I>, or VHSV. ► The inhibition of <I>E. tarda</I> and the increase of IL-1β levels were observed in NOD1 over-expressing cells.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The gene encoding nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) was cloned from olive flounder (<I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>) and the role played by NOD1 during <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I> infection was evaluated. The complete open reading frame of NOD1 was 2820bp in length, encoding a 939-amino acid polypeptide. The NOD1 protein contains three conserved domain structures including C-terminal LRRs, a central NACHT motif, and an N-terminal CARD domain, which show similarities of 49–74% to those of other vertebrate counterpart proteins. NOD1 expression was observed in all fish tissues examined, and the levels increased in olive flounder infected with <I>E. tarda</I>, <I>Streptococcus iniae</I>, or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). When hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells over-expressing NOD1 were infected with <I>E. tarda</I>, bacterial growth was inhibited, and the IL-1β transcript level increased compared to that of the control. These findings imply that NOD1 plays an important role in response to <I>E. tarda</I> infection of olive flounder.</P>
Ohtani, Maki,Hikima, Jun-ichi,Hwang, Seong Don,Morita, Takahiro,Suzuki, Yoshiaki,Kato, Goshi,Kondo, Hidehiro,Hirono, Ikuo,Jung, Tae-Sung,Aoki, Takashi Elsevier 2012 DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.36 No.4
<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Japanese flounder type I IFN gene was cloned and clustered with Acanthopterygii. ► The poly I:C-responsible region (−634 to −179bp) was found in IFN promoter. ► Transcriptional activity of IFN promoter was enhanced by the flounder IRF3. ► The activity of IFN promoter was induced by RLRs after poly I:C-stimulation.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Type I interferon (IFN) induces the antiviral response in innate immunity. The type I IFN gene cloned from Japanese flounder (<I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I>) has a length of 1189bp and consisting of 5 exons and 4 introns. In a phylogenetic tree of type I IFNs, Japanese flounder grouped with other Acanthopterygii. To gain insight into the transcriptional regulation of IFN gene, the 1.36kb 5′-upstream region including numerous canonical motifs to bind transcription factors [for example, IFN regulatory factor (IRF)] was analyzed. In HINAE cells using a luciferase reporter assay, poly I:C-responsive transcriptional activity was found in the region from −634 to −179bp. This region includes several IRF motifs. In the presence of poly I:C, overexpression of IRF3 and RLR strongly enhanced transcriptional activity. These results suggest that the transcriptional regulation of Japanese flounder type I IFN is regulated by IRF3 after triggering with dsRNA sensors.</P>
Evaluation of Simplified Repeated Resistance Training System for Severe Hemiplegic Stroke Patient
Michito Yasukita,Yuki Iida,Kazunori Yamazaki,Noritaka Sato,Yoshifumi Morita,Hiroyuki Ukai,Yoshiaki Takagi,Yoshitaka Aoki,Hirofumi Tanabe,Rumi Tanemura 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
We have developed a three-dimensional force display robot (3D robot) to discover and embody needs in rehabilitation site. Then we have exchanged opinions with therapists by using the 3D robot together in rehabilitation site. From a therapist" needs we have developed repeated resistance training system by using the 3D robot as one of the application of the 3D robot. On the basis of the results we have developed a simplified repeated resistance training system equipped with a user interface for easy operation for therapists. Moreover, we have developed a brace for fixation as the attachment between the training system and the patient’s arm. In this paper, we perform the functional evaluation of the simplified repeated resistance training system and the brace in the clinical site. These results are based on the opinions from the therapist and the patient. Moreover, we verify the therapeutic effects of the repeated resistance training using the simplified system for a hemiplegic stroke patient. The AROMs of pronation and supination of the patient were improved after repeated resistance training using the simplified system.