관주도 기념의 정치와 새마을운동기념관 ― 경상북도 사례를 중심으로

윤충로 ( Yoon Chung Ro ) 한국사회사학회 2020 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.126

대중의 통념 속 새마을운동은 가난과 배고픔을 해결한 ‘잘 살기운동’이며, 박정희 대통령은 이를 이끌었던 지도자로 기억된다. 이러한 신화는 최근 기념관 건립을 통해 기억의 터를 마련했다. 경상북도 청도와 포항의 새마을운동발상지기념관과 구미시의 새마을운동테마공원전시관이 바로 그것이다. 청도 신도리와 포항 문성리의 기념관은 새마을운동발상지를 둘러싼 주민들의 인정투쟁과 관주도 기념의 정치의 산물이었다. 기념관을 중심으로 한 ‘새마을운동의 성역화’는 박정희에 대한 신화화였다. 구미시는 ‘종주도시’라는 추상적 개념으로 자신의 지역적 정체성을 세우고자 했다. 이는 박정희 이후에도 경상북도에서 지속되는 새마을운동의 전통과 현재성을 강조함으로써 박정희를 기념한다. 새마을운동테마공원전시관은 박정희 대통령 생가에서 새마을운동테마공원으로 이어지는 박정희 기념공간의 일부다. 이의 건립 과정은 지역 권력을 중심으로 한 기억의 상업화, 보수적 기념의 정치의 특징을 잘 드러낸다. 기념관이 보여주는 선별된 기억은 박정희, 새마을운동, 경제발전을 등치시킨다. 이는 1970년대 농촌의 몰락, 유신체제를 정당화했던 새마을운동, 박정희 독재에 대해서는 침묵한다. 경북의 세 새마을운동기념관이 재현한 새마을 운동은 일종의 ‘상상적 노스탤지어’다. Memorialized as a ‘Wellbeing Movement’, Saemaul Undong aimed at alleviating poverty and hunger with President Park Chung-hee recognized as its leader. The myth presides in the realm of memory, framed through memorials and buildings commemorating the events of that day: Saemaul Undong Memorial in Cheongdo, Pohang, and the Saemaul Undong Theme Park at Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. The memorials in Chungdo, Sindo-ri and Pohang, Moonsung-ri are products of two villages struggle and the politics of commemoration driven by the local governments’ fight for recognition as the movement’s birthplace. The two memorials redefined their cities while also shaping perceptions of Park Chung-hee’s legacy. Gumi established itself with the abstract concept of a ‘Leading City of Saemaul Undong’. After Park Chung-hee's death, Gyeongsangbuk-do province has been commemorating the concept which emphasized the tradition and nowness of sustained Saemaul undong. The Exhibition Hall within the Saemaul Undong Theme Park has memorialized Park Chung-hee extending his influence and legacy from his birthplace to the park itself. In addition, local authority’s efforts in the construction process of these memorials also expose the commercialization of memory and the conservative politics of commemoration. The selected memory related to the memorials has been identified with Park Chung-hee, Saemaul undong and economic development. There is little mention of the collapse of farming areas in the 1970s, the role the movement played in justifying the Yushin Regime, and Park’s dictatorial and heavy-handed policies. Instead, the Saemaul Undong Memorials of Gyeongsangbuk-do Province reproduce an ‘imagined nostalgia’ for a movement.

박정희 이후 새마을운동의 정치적 재구성과 사회적 재생산

윤충로(Yoon, Chung Ro) 비판사회학회 2017 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.113

1970년대 새마을운동과 그 이후의 새마을운동은 이름은 같지만 같은 운동이라고 하기 어렵다. 대부분의 사람들은 1970년대 새마을운동을 기억하지만 그 이후 새마을운동에 대해서는 큰 관심을 기울이지 않는다. 박정희 정권 이후 새마을운동은 정치적·사회적 격변과 부침(浮沈)을 겪었고, 대중의 관심으로부터 멀어져갔다. 그럼에도 불구하고 새마을운동은 여전히 현실 운동으로 존재하고 전국적인 거대 조직으로 성장했다. 이 글은 박정희 이후 새마을운동을 후기 새마을운동으로 구분하고, 운동의 변화와 재생산 과정을 살펴봤다. 이를 위해 첫째, 박정희 정권 이후 각 정권과 새마을운동의 관계를 운동에 대한 호명(呼名)과 동원이라는 기준으로 분류했다. 둘째, 새마을운동의 사회적 재생산을 지역말단 단위의 새마을 조직과 지역정치의 특성을 통해 설명했다. 새마을운동의 현재는 체계적이고 일관된 기획하에 만들어진 것이 아니다. 그렇다고 정치적 상황에 수동적으로 끌려온 결과도, 탈정치적 순수 민간운동의 결과도 아니다. 새마을운동의 현재는 새마을 조직의 형성, 정치적 여건의 변화에 대한 새마을 조직의 대응, 중앙 조직과 구분되는 회원 조직의 일상적 활동과 운동의 재생산, 지역·지방정치와 운동의 접합 등, 위와 아래에서의 운동의 변화와 재생산을 포괄하는 복합적 과정의 산물이다. The Saemaeul Movement of the 1970s and that of since then have the same name, but are different character. Most people remember the Movement of the 1970s, but do not have much interest in that of since then. The Movement after Park Chung-he have experienced the indifference of the general public, radical changes in its character, and up and downs in its political and social status, However, the Saemaeul Movement has grown into a big national organization and is a current social movement as before. This article studies the process of its change and reproduction and classifies the Movement after Park Chung-he as a ‘Post Movement’ different form that of the 1970s. For this study, the article classifies the relationship between the Movement and each government after park Chung-he with the criteria of the government’s recalling and mobilization of the Movement. And the article explains the social reproduction of the Movement through the characteristics of its local organizations and the local politics of Korea. The current Movement is not produced by a consistent systemic planning. Also, the Movement is not a result that has been passively dragged by the political situation, or that has been nonpolitical pure civil movement. The Movement is produced by the complex processes including the changes and reproduction by the national and local levels, such as the combination of the local movements and politics, the reproduction of the daily activities and movements in the provinces different from the central organization, correspondence by the organization of movement against the political changes, the formation of the organization in the movement.

複合 韓藥劑 淸籬滋坎湯의 抗癌效果 및 作用機轉 糾明

Cho, Kyung-Sam,Kim, Si-Young,Park, Jai-Kyung,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Chung, Se-Young,Yoon, Hwi-Joong 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung Sam Cho¹Si Young Kim¹, Jai Kyung Park²,Seung Hoon Choi³,Se Young Chung⁴, Hwi Joong Yoon¹¹College of Medicine, ²East-West Medical Research Institute, ³College of Oriental Medicine, ⁴College of Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. The Anti-cancer Effect of Oriental Medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang in the Mouse with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 231-243, 1999.-The oriental medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang is an herbal medicine which has been used for pulmonary diseases and known as having immune stimulatory effects. It has been known effective in lung cancer. So we studied the effects and the mechanisms of this herbal medicine it the mouse with metastatic lung cancer. The metastatic lung cancer of the mouse was produced with melnoma cell line(B16BL/6).5×10□/mouse tumor cells were injected intravenously to the CDF1 mouse via tail vein. The mice were divided 4 groups. The first group was treated with 50mg/kg extract of Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang per oral for 10 days after cancer cell injection, second group treated with saline after cancer cell injection, the third group with medicine without cancer cell, and the last group with saline only. After 10 days treatments some of the mice were scarificed and the lung and spleen was removed. The survival duration, weight change, the number of metastatic cancer nodule of the lung, the NK cell activity, the capacity of cytokines(INF-γ,INF-α,IL-2) production and the proliferation activities of mouse lymphocytes were measured. The surival times of the group 1 mice were longer and the weight loss was less than the group 2 significantly. The number of the metastatic nodule of the lung were decresed in the group 1 than the group 2. The production of INF-γ,was increase in group 2 than group 3 and 4, IL-2 production was increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4 significantly. There was no difference in TNF- α production and proliferation activity of lymphocyte in each group. The NK cell activity was significantly increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4. We conclude that the Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang has the effect of increasing the NK cell activity of the CDF1 mouse with metastatic lung cancer(B16BL/6). And it is suggested that the increased production of the IL-2 is the mechanisms of enhanced NK cell activity.

中原圈 寺刹風景에 관한 考察

鄭玧洙,秋甲喆,李成基 建國大學校 附設 自然科學硏究所 1992 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Four temples were picked from the central northern area in Chung-Won Zone. And the considered result of the temple scape factors can be conclusion as follows: 1. Most of relics worthy of the buddhist culture and tradition were burnt away and lost out,. There were much difficulties in collection and comparision of bibliographical materials. So urgent is the task of recovering and restoring the relics into their original forms and conditions. 2. When Chung-Won Zone in taken in a view of the military strategic position throughout the ancient triple dynasties rather than a center of cultural creation in the context of historical research, we cannot say that Chung-Won Zone was affected uniquely by a particular one nation among the three dynasties. 3. Virgin forest is completly damaged in general throughout current forest aspect of the each temple and yet forests are reviving and on the way of transition to the original. 4. It is assumed that the plants from the primitive around the temple in common were hard wood forest of mixed forest. To quickly bring up the progress of stable forest growth and development for the purpose of ecological advantage, useful hard wood forest should be well tended in a positive approach as the hard wood forest is potentially surfacing out. 5. Country species which is afforested to be proper to form the temple scape should be planted at many small sized spots so barren lands around. It is recommendable that Quercus aliena BL. stands espceally at the Kakyoon Temple be taken care of concentrating it should be leaded to the balanced selection forest type. 6. Caution should be directed to prevent damage of Theodiplosis Japonensis U. et I. from pinus densiflora S. et Z. stands at Kooin Temple and Konglim Temple and also from pinus densiflora for. multicaulis U. at Kayoon Temple. 7. Forest outside the boundary of the temple should be established as a special protective zone and worning boards should be displayed to the public so that people recognize the forest scapes are the most precious resources and dense forest should be developed to be a model forest in Korea. 8. We should be able to find a place of sight pleasue, rest and recreation through further successful development of natural scape elements surrounding the temples. It is ideal that man can expect to enjoy our mental recuperation in the nature from of the forest.

베트남전쟁 시기 한국의 전쟁 동원과 일상

윤충로 ( Chung Ro Yoon ) 한국사회사학회 2012 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.95

최근까지 한국의 베트남 파병에 대한 연구는 정치·경제, 국제관계 등 주로 거시적인 영역에 관심을 기울였다. 하지만 이 연구는 베트남전쟁 시기 한국의 전쟁동원체제의 형성과 일상의 변화에 주목하였다. 국가의 전쟁 동원은 공적 영역인 전쟁과 개인의 사생활을 접합시키고, 일상은 전장이 재현되는 공간으로 재구축된다. 전쟁은 거시적인 사회변화뿐만 아니라 미시적 생활세계의 변화를 동반하는 것이다. 이러한 과정을 살펴보기 위해 이 연구는 첫째, 박정희 정권 당시 전쟁 동원을 위한 역사·사회적 조건과 동원기제의 형성, 둘째, 전장과 일상의 접합을 통해 전쟁 동원을 원활히 하고자 했던 국가의 노력, 셋째, 전쟁 동원의 효과와 한계를 살펴보았다. 박정희 정권은 전쟁 비용은 미국에, 후방 지원사업은 대내적 자원 동원에 의지하는 ``이중의 무임승차``를 통해 전쟁을 수행했다. 파병은 내부적으로 큰 저항없이 이루어졌고, 국가는 전장과 일상을 연결함으로써 전쟁 동원의 효율성을 추구했다. 하지만 대내적인 전쟁 동원은 그리 쉽지만은 않았다. ``전쟁 미담``을 통해 홍보되는 것과는 다르게 국가의 전쟁 동원에 대한 대중의 참여와 협조는 그것이 대중들의 이해와 부합하는 한에서 효율적이었던 것이다. The studies on Korean Army in Vietnam War have usually focused on the macro fields such as politics, economics, or international relations until now. However, this study centered on the formation of the state``s war mobilization and the changes in the people``s daily lives in Korea during the Vietnam War. The state``s war mobilization connected the public affairs, the war, to the private affairs, the people``s daily lives. As a result, the people``s daily lives became the places where the battlefields were reproduced. The war produced not only macro social changes, but also micro people``s daily lives. To examine these processes this article studies: 1. The historical and social conditions and the formation of the mechanisms for the state``s war mobilization under Park Chung-Hee regime. 2. The state``s efforts to connect the battlefields to the people``s daily lives for its war mobilization. 3. The effects and limits of the state``s war mobilization. The Park regime depended on the USA for the cost of battlefields, and the Korean people for the cost of civilian suports by its war mobilization. In other word, the Park regime paid nothing for or had a "free ride" on the cost of battlefields and civilian supports. The Korean state could sent Korean Army without a strong opposition of the Korean people and pursued an effective war mobilization by connecting the battlefields to the people``s daily lives. However, the state``s war mobilization were not so easy. Although the state``s propaganda through "praiseworthy anecdotes" about the Korean Army in Vietnam War, the people``s participation and cooperation to the state``s war mobilization depended on that the mobilization were for or against to the people``s interests.

20세기 한국의 대 베트남 관계와 인식

윤충로 ( Chung Ro Yoon ) 한국사회사학회 2013 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.97

이 논문에서는 현대 한국의 대(對) 베트남 관계와 인식의 변화를 해방~이승만정권, 박정희 정권, 1992년 수교~현재로 나누어 살펴보았다. 각 시기 한국이 놓여있었던 세계사적 시간, 역사적 경험, 시간상의 문제와 연관된 시차효과는 한국의 베트남에 대한 관계와 인식을 형성하는데 주요 배경이 되었다. 이승만 정권 시기는 한·베 관계가 국가 간 관계로 출발한 첫 시기였다. 세계사적 차원의 냉전이 양국관계를 기본적으로 규정하였고, 이승만 정권은 한국을 중심으로 한 반공·안보연대의 강화를 모색했다. 박정희 정권 시기 양국 관계는 한·미·월 삼각 군사동맹속에서 규정되었다. 한국은 베트남전쟁 참전을 통해 반공연대 강화와 근대화를 동시에 추구하였다. 이 시기를 통해 양국의 국가 간 관계는 사회적 관계로까지 확장되었다. 당시 파병을 통해 형성된 베트남에 대한 한국의 우월감은 베트남인들에 대한 아류오리엔탈리즘으로 연결되었고, 월남붐으로 집약되는 경제적 성장 경험은 전쟁과 물질주의의 결합을 촉진했다. 마지막으로 1992년 이후~현재에 이르는 시기는 탈이념과 경제적 실리가 양국관계를 지배했다. 하지만 국가와 사회적 수준에서 나타난 탈냉전의 시차(時差), 이로 인한 한국 시민사회 내의 시차(視差)는 한국사회 내의 갈등을 유발하였다. 또한 한국의 아류오리엔탈리즘과 하위제국 의식은 한·베 간의 갈등을 초래하는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. This study examined the change of Korean understanding of and relations with Vietnam dividing the history into three periods: from liberation in 1945 to Rhee Syngman regime, the period of Park Chung-hee regime, and from the opening of diplomatic relations between Korea and Vietnam to the present. In each period, the world historical time, Korean historical experience, and the parallax effect which is related to problems of this timing has been the background of forming the Korean understanding of and relations with Vietnam. During the Rhee regime, the Korea-Vietnam relations at the national level just started. The cold war in the world historical dimension basically regulated the Korea-Vietnam relations. And Rhee regime tried to strengthen the solidarity between the two countries basing on anti communism and national security ideology under his leadership. During Park regime, Korea-Vietnam relations were regulated by a triple military alliance among USA, Korea, and Vietnam. Korea pursued to strengthen anti communism solidarity among the three countries and to modernize Korean economy at the same time. Through the period of Park regime, the Korea-Vietnam relations at the national level expanded into those at the social level. Korean sense of superiority formed by Korean army``s participation in the Vietnam war was related to the imitative orientalism of Koreans. Korean experience of "Vietnam Boom" or a rapid economic growth because of Vietnam war promoted a combination between war and worship of money. At the end, during the period from 1992 to the present, the relations between the two countries were regulated not by an ideology, but by national economic interests. However, the national and social level parallax generated from the end of cold war, and the parallax within the Korean civil society caused by the former, produced conflicts within Korean society. And Korean imitative orientalism and sub-imperial thinking are working as the originator of conflicts between Korea and Vietnam.

建國大學校 忠州演習林의 森林資源 硏究

鄭玧洙 건국대학교 부설 중원인문연구소 1984 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

1. 1983年 10月부터 1984年 4月까지 建國大學校 忠南演習林內의 森林資源을 파악하기 위한 調査에서 밝혀진 森林樹木은 針葉樹가 2科 3屬, 4種이고 落葉闊葉樹類는 19科, 41屬, 59種, 14變種, 1品種으로 나타났다. 2. 闊葉樹種이 針葉樹種에 比해 越等하게 많았으나 實際的인 優點種은 Pinus densiflora S. et Z.이었다. 3. 森林資源의 增進을 爲해서 風土에 適合한 經濟樹種으로서의 更新이 要請된다. 4. 森林資源의 保護를 爲한 綜合的인 對策이 樹立되어야 한다. 5. 地利的인 次元에서 本 森林은 演習林으로서의 活用性이 있는 것으로 認定된다. 1) This research was carried out from oct, 1983 to apr., 1984 to examine college forest resoures in Chung-Ju Its resurts were followed; 4 species, 3 genera, and 2 families in coniferae and 1 forma, 14 variety, 59 species, 41 genera and 19 families in hardwood forest. 2) There were hardwood species more than coniferae species, but the dominant species was Pinus densiflora S. et Z. 3) It is necessary that economical species appropreate for its climate be regeneralized. 4) Many mulrilateral plans have to be developed to protect the forest resources. 5) Finally, in locational respect, this forests are recognized to be proper as college forest.

건국대학교 충주 캠퍼스 녹지공간조성에 관한 고찰

정윤수 건국대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The study was conducted to seek out the most ideal measures of improving the environmental conditions of green space in Chung-ju campus of Kon-Kuk University. The result of the study is summarized as follows: Warmth index in the campus in 93.8 and coldness index is -26.9. The lowest temperature of the winter season tends to gradually go up and a certain change of eccolosystem of botany is cinsidered likely to happen. Soil is generally lacked much of organic matters and total nutrient. Drainage system was found unsatisfactory. Alkali soil is stretched out and it was found that the soil was not adequate to grow of plants and trees. Kinds of trees planted in the campus consisted of 37 family, 60 genus, 96 species and 94 forma. It is desireable to plant various kinds of trees and generic trees highly worthy of educational values and well consistent with the weather and soil condition. A complex plan should be developed, which should include architecture of artificial facilities, road net work facilities, general soil surface treatment, planning and design of green open space and others. Trees of feeble and poor growth should be substisuted with gealthier kinds of trees. It is necessary to improve of planting and cultivation and perfect protection and management. Consensus of opinions and professionalism from many personages interested in the green open space project is essential to build up and develop the most rational green open space. This should be supported under well-organized system.

건국대학교 충주연습림의 삼림자원 연구

정윤수(Yoon Soo Chung) 건국대학교 동화와번역연구소(구 건국대학교 중원인문연구소) 1984 동화와 번역 Vol.3 No.-

방사선 조사 후 대뇌결질에 분포한 Neuropeptide-Y 양성신경세포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

이상욱,김종중,정윤영,정종달,오윤경 조선대학교 2000 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.25 No.2

Background and Objectives : Severe irradiation on the cerebral cortex of the human and animals may result in functional alterations of central nervous system. The purpose of this study, the irradiation effects on the cerebral cortex of the rats after brain irradiation was to investigate the change of distribution and morphology of neuropeptide-Y(NPY) neurons. Materials and Methods : Radiation was produced by the linear accelerator 6MV X-ray, and the animals were categorized into control and experimental groups and we use 45 Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 200~250gm. The head areas of the animals were positioned within the radiation field of 12㎝ × 20㎝ and with the radiation depth of 1.5㎝. Sodium chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats were exposed to the radiation with the dose rate of 240 cGy/min. The total dose was 1800 cGy. Animals were sacrificed on 2 hours, 5 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7days after brain irradiation. Under anesthesia, animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde-1% glutaraldehyde solution. On one or two hours after the perfusion, brain were taken out and refixed over night in the same fixative. Using ABC immunohistochemistry, morphology and distribution of neuropeptide-Y immunoractive(NPY-IR) neurons were studied on the cerebral cortex of the control and brain-irradiated rats. We used light, transmission electron and confocal laser scanning microscope. Results : The following results were obtained : 1. On control group, NPY-IR neurons were found in all layers of the primary sensory and motor cerebral cortex, and the NPY-IR neurons were concentrated within the layer II, III, IV, V and VI. The typical NPY-IR perikarya was bipolar and multipolar shape. 2. On 2 hours, 5 hours, 1 day after X-irradiation, decreased number of NPY-IR neurons were detected in the primary sensory and motor cerebral cortex of the rats. Also shrunken and transformed NPY-IR neurons were detected in the primary sensory and motor cerebral cortex of the rats. 3. On 3 days and 7 days after X-irradiation, morphology and distribution of NPY-IR neurons in the primary sensory and motor cerebral cortex was generally restored. 4. In optical serial section analysis of NPY-IR neurons, high fluorescence intensity were observed in a part of the 8~11 sections of the control and all irradiated groups. In optical single section analysis of NPY-IR neurons, red color(high fluorescence intensity) was observed in a part of 6, 7 sections of the control and all irradiated groups. 5. By electron microscopy, NPY-IR neurons on 2 hours, 5 hours, 1 day after X-irradiation rats exhibited severe alterations of their organelles concerning intracellular material transport ; such as disappearance of microvilli and basal infoldings, reduction of invaginating pits on the basal and apical plasma membranes, reduction of transformed vesicles and shrunken Golgi complexes, etc. Conclusion : From the above results, it was concluded that the release of neurotransmitters and transcapillary leakage of blood substance were occurred on 2 hours, 5 hours, 1 day after X-irradiation, but the condition was generally restored on 3 days and 7 days following X-irradiation.