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연구논문 : 초등과학 수업에서 교사들의 스트레스에 관한 연구
최지은 ( Jieun Choi ),김용권 ( Yonggwon Kim ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2015 초등과학교육 Vol.34 No.2
The purpose of this study was to analyze the stresses of teachers for elementary science class. To do these, the Science Teacher Stress Inventory has been developed the Science Teacher Stress Inventory, which consisted of 45 stress factors with subcategories such as student characteristics, teacher characteristics, expertise of science education, school environment, and administrative procedures. 120 teachers for elementary science class have participated in this questionnaire survey. The results of this study are as follow: First, stress from teacher characteristics is perceived as having more stress factors than five stress factors (student characteristics, teacher characteristics, expertise of science education, school environment, and administrative procedures). but all of the five stress factors was under normal. The detail question of stress such as ‘Having to guide educational guidance and course in life education’, ‘Having to cope with the demand of new curricula’, ‘Pace of the school day is too fast’, ‘No time to attend training of the experiment (preliminary experiment)’, ‘Not enough time to complete lesson preparation and marking’, ‘Having to cope with non-teaching delegated duties’, ‘Fear of getting injured as a result of lab accidents’ are perceived as having a lot of stresses. Second, there were not statistically significant differences in their personal variables such as gender, the course of high school. but there were statistically significant differences in their personal variables such as whether elementary subject exclusive science teacher, career in education experience, teaching grade. Third, coping ways of stresses are active support for better science teaching conditions, training of the experiment for expertise of science education, developing a workbook for science class.
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기본도형의 형태가 기억에 미치는 영향 -fMRI 실증을 중심으로-
류철호 ( Ryoo Cheul Ho ),배석환 ( Bae Seok Hwan ),최철재 ( Choi Chul Jae ),양초산 ( Yang Cho San ),박명철 ( Park Myeong Cheol ),김용권 ( Kim Yonggwon ),김형곤 ( Kim Hyunggon ),유세종 ( Yoo Se Jong ),유재민 ( You Jae Min ),김태호 ( 커뮤니케이션디자인학회(구 시각디자인학회) 2021 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.75 No.-
본 연구는 디자인의 조형적 요소인 기본도형의 형태가 기억에 미치는 영향을 신경과학적 방법으로 검증하려는 시도이다. 연구에 활용된 실험은 다음과 같다. 기본도형의 형태에 따른 반응 확인을 위하여 시각적 자극물을 제작하였고, 반응확인을 위해 fMRI를 활용하여 해마(Hippocampus, Frontal lob)의 SI(signal intensity)를 기준으로 측정하여, 그 결과를 SPM99(Statistical Parametric Mapping 99)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 그리고 각각의 활성화된 영역과 자극물과의 관계에 대한 데이터를 SPM99을 통해 확인하였다. 자극물별 피험자에 대한 성별, 자극물별 평균값 결과를 선(line), 면(full), 입체물(3D)로 구분하여 실험한 fMRI SI 값은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 결과는 선(line)에서 남성이 pentagon(1.91), circle(1.73), triangle(1.38), square(1.21) 순, 여성은 pentagon(2.21), triangle(2.07), circle(2.01), square(1.53) 순으로 나타났으며, 면(full)에서는 남성이 pentagon(1.91), circle(1.78), square(1.56), triangle(1.38) 순, 여성은 pentagon(2.10), circle(1.72), triangle(1.71), square(1.55) 순으로 나타났다. 또한 입체물(3D)에서 남성이 pentagon(2.23), triangle(1.76), circle(1.73), square(1.67) 순, 여성은 pentagon(2.33), square(1.87), circle(1.72), triangle(1.63) 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자극물별 평균 결과 값에서선(line)은 pentagon, circle, triangle, square 순으로 평균 1.80, 면(full)은 pentagon, circle, square, triangle 순으로 평균 1.71, 입체물(3D)은 pentagon, square, circle, triangle 순으로 평균 1.87로 나타났다. 따라서 fMRI 실험결과를 통해 선, 면, 입체물에서는 공통적으로 pentagon이 가장 반응이 크게 나타났고, circle, square, triangle은 다소 혼돈이 나타나고 있으며, 입체물(3D), 선(line), 면(full)의 순으로 인식되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 인지 우선순위는 성별에 따라 상이하다는 것을 확인하였으며, 대상의 성별에 따라 형태 및 디자인을 달리해야 할 필요성을 실험결과로 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the effect of the shape of the basic character, which is a figurative element of design, on memory through a neuroscientific method. The experiments used in the study are as follows. To confirm the response, visual stimulants were prepared in basic numerical forms, and the hippocampus(Frontal lob) SI(signal intensity) was measured using fMRI, and the results were analyzed using SPM99(Statistical Parametric Mapping 99). Data on the relationship between each activation area and the stimulant was collected and confirmed with SPM. The fMRI SI values obtained by dividing the gender and average value for each stimulant into line, full, and 3D for each stimulant subject are as follows. First, the gender analysis results were linear, and in Male, pentagon(1.91), circle(1.73), triangle(1.38), and square(1.21) were found, whereas in female, pentagon(2.21), triangle(2.07), and circle(2.01) were confirmed. In 3D, males were in the order of pentagon(2.23), triangle(1.76), circle(1.73), square(1.67), females were in the order of pentagon(2.33), square(1.87), circle(1.72), triangle(1.63). Second, based on the average results of each stimulus, line 1.80, full 1.71, and 3D are placed in the order of pentagon, circle, square, triangle, and three-dimensional objects. According to the fMRI experiment results, pentagon showed the greatest response in line, plane, and solid. On the other hand, circles, squares, and triangles show some confusion and are recognized as 3D, line, and full. In addition, it was confirmed that cognitive priorities differ according to gender, and from the experimental results, it was possible to confirm the necessity of various shapes and designs according to the target gender.
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