이원론의 해체 - 이윤택의 2005년 〈햄릿〉

이용은(Lee Yongeun) 한국셰익스피어학회 2006 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.42 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to examine the de-construction of dualism in Lee, Yuntak's 〈Hamlet〉 in terms of its inter-culturalism, its use of space and its presentation of some seemingly indissoluble issues of life and death. The de-construction of dualism is characterized by its multiple focal points, collage, pastiche, greater emphasis on images than languages. Lee's 〈Hamlet〉 is de-constructing in that it goes toward more wholistic view of the world by showing multiple focal points. Lee's 〈Hamlet〉 is practising the amalgamation of two different cultures, the Korean and the Western. Therefore what happens on the stage represents this inter-cultural aspect. The mix brings about the hybrid quality on the stage. The inter-cultural aspect of the performance is in its use of pre-expressivity with the appearance of the dead father of Hamlet. Pre-expressivity is a concept related to the extra-daily techniques of actors. Actors using the techniques have to present believable actions, which means that the actions of the actors are well understood to the audiences of the two different cultures. And Lee's 〈Hamlet〉 generally succeeds in making the performance believable to the audience, so that 〈Hamlet〉 may be called an inter-cultural performance. Lee's 〈Hamlet〉's most important use of space is that he takes the Korean way of using space and mixes it with the western way of using space by making the stage circular. Basically, this shows the Korean style of space within the western style of space. Furthermore, Lee's 〈Hamlet〉 often uses four-levels, or three levels of space. By doing so, the performance succeeds in offering the simultaneous and multiple experiences to the audience at the same time. Therefore, the audience can achieve a wider perspective and obtain a quick shift of tension and relaxation at the same time. The stage successfully expresses the invisible in a very unique and original way. The invisible is the ghost. By dancing the Korean traditional dance, the ghost represents the abstract and spiritual world as well as the concrete world. The presence of the ghost represents his belonging to the dead world, while at the same time he communicates with the living person, Hamlet. So that, finally, the eternal world and the everyday world become one and the split of these two worlds, life and death is overcome.

Prosodic Characteristics of Yeah in Korean Speakers Collaborative English Dialogues

Yongeun Lee 한국영어학학회 2014 영어학연구 Vol.20 No.3

Lee, Yongeun. 2014. Prosodic Characteristics of Yeah in Korean Speakers'Collaborative English Dialogues. English Language and Linguistics 20.3, 1-18.Existing studies have shown that in dialogues involving native speakers of English,yeah serves multifunctional roles and thus, from its word information alone, isin principle ambiguous. In this regard, a substantial body of research efforts has investigated the role of prosody of yeah in potentially disambiguating its diverse conversational meanings. Little is known, however, about nonnative English speakers' use of yeah, in particular the prosodic characteristics of yeah as a function of their conversational meanings in nonnative-nonnative interactions. The primary goal of this study is thus to examine the prosodic aspects of yeah in spontaneous speech of Korean learners of English. To this end, data are drawn from collaborative English dialogues performed by multiple dyads of Korean learners of English, paired according to their general English proficiency. Three broad types of yeah were observed from the current participants' English dialogues and measurements of their mean F0, Max F0, mean duration and intensity indicate the potential role of Max F0. Other than this, conversational meanings of yeah seem not to be prosodically marked differently among each other in the current nonnatives'conversations, suggesting a potentially markedly different prosodic pattern of yeah in native vs. nonnative English dialogues

셰익스피어 공연에서 ‘정치적인 것’의 부상

이용은(Yongeun Lee) 한국셰익스피어학회 2017 셰익스피어 비평 Vol.53 No.2

This thesis aims at grasping how ‘the political’ emerges in three modern adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays and what the roles of ‘the political’ in each adaptations are. The pursuit of this article is to explore how these Ophelia, GoraeHamlet, and Hamlet’s Father are different from Shakespeare’s works and how these differences manifest ‘the political’. ‘The political’ is, in short, redefining and reassigning the position and the role of the characters and the plot. Such redefinition reveals subtextual meanings, ones that are unheard and unseen in the original plays. Ultimately, ‘the political’ unravels the voices of the unheard and the unseen in order to reveal the questions they raise. The voices of many of these minor characters are left unheard in Shakespeare’s originals. Modern directors reveal ‘the political’ in order to share with the world the themes that these characters present. Furthermore, ‘the political’ induces questions from the audience for the changed and improved society, in this way, these three modern adaptations become the sites of disagreements among audience members because the nature of ‘the political’ is non-consensus. Ophelia directed by Jeon Yonghwan and GoraeHamlet directed by Lee Haesung are the works that are representatives of catching the voices of the unheard and the unseen. Jeon’s Ophelia differs quite a bit from Shakespeare’s Ophelia in that she is not obedient, not dependent. This new Ophelia is one who raises an existential question about herself, and is dangerous, and power-oriented. Furthermore, she wants to know the inward reflections of Hamlet, and she is anxious to ask what the problems and conflicts of Hamlet are. Lee’s Gertrude is power-oriented in that she hides the fact that the real father of Hamlet is Claudius and later confesses it to Claudius to save Hamlet’s life. The reason she marries Claudius is that she seeks to defend and protect Hamlet from his enemies. This Ophelia and this Gertrude function as new voices which are not represented in Shakespeare’s work. Therefore, they are representatives of the newly heard and the audience can witness the voices of the neglected. Hamlet’s Father by Lee Sungreol induces the audience to ‘ponder’ the duty and role of responsible beings in a modern Korean society. The performance just presents several situations, encouraging the audience to rethink what should be done rather than claiming any stance itself. Therefore, many situations in the performance become the sites of contention to think over so that the audience is persuaded to answer himself the questions raised in the performance. ‘The political’ means to extract questions from the audience to force them to rethink over the situations in their lives and in the world around them. In this manner, these three performances become excellent examples of what ‘the political’ is.

언로드 성능 형상을 위한 디스크 범퍼의 제작 및 실험 연구

이용은(Yongeun Lee),이용현(Yonghyun Lee),이형준(Hyungjun Lee),박노철(Nocheol Park),박경수(Kyungsu Park),박영필(Youngpil Park) 한국소음진동공학회 2007 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

항공기 지상진동시험 수행을 위한 유연지지장치 설계 및 평가

이용은(Yongeun Lee),이철호(Chul-Ho Lee),이원석(Won-Suk Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2022 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Context Effects in Reading English Nonwords

Yongeun Lee 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.1

It has been established in the literature that pronunciation of a letter or letter sequences in English is affected by the surrounding context. Specifically, it has been suggested that in many cases of English vowel graphemes, the potential candidates of their actual pronunciation could be significantly narrowed down if one knows the consonant that follows and/or precedes the vowel graphemes. The purpose of the current paper is to ask whether the same type of effect can also be found from Korean EFL learners in their reading English nonsense words. This study shows that Korean learners of English make use of certain amount of context information in mapping letters to sounds in reading in their target language. The current results additionally indicate that Korean learners of English are also sensitive to the overall frequency of graphemes’ pronunciations in the English words in general. Based on these findings, we suggest that Korean learners of English may pick up the statistical regularities governing letter-to-sound correspondences as a part of their second language learning process and use this implicit knowledge in processing L2 nonwords.

Statistical Consistencies in the Spelling of English Sounds in English Textbooks

Yongeun Lee 한국중원언어학회 2008 언어학연구 Vol.- No.12

It is well-known that English spelling is highly inconsistent in terms of sound-to-spelling (e.g., /?/ →salt, caught, lawn, etc.) and spelling-to-sound (e.g., a→spa, change, bald, etc.) correspondences. Kessler and Treiman (2001), however, report that the correspondence becomes more consistent when context is taken into account. For example, the spelling i is more likely to be pronounced /?/ before t as in bit than before nd or ld as in mind or wild. In the current study, I ask how extensive such context effect is in high-frequency English words that Korean learners of English encounter. This is done by performing statistical analyses on consistencies in the spelling of consonants and vowels in English words consisting of an onset, a vowel and a coda which appea in seven middle-school English textbooks. Consistent with previous studies, the results indicate that vowel-spelling consistency is the least regular but the consistency of vowel spelling increases when the onset and coda spelling is considered. Similarly, onset- and coda-spelling consistency increase when the pronunciation of the vowel is taken into account. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of acquisition of statistical regularities in L2 languages.

Factors dominating stratification cycle and seasonal water quality variation in a Korean estuarine reservoir

Lee, Young Geun,Kang, Joo-Hyon,Ki, Seo Jin,Cha, Sung Min,Cho, Kyung Hwa,Lee, Yun Seok,Park, Yongeun,Lee, Seung Won,Kim, Joon Ha Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Journal of environmental monitoring Vol.12 No.5

<P>A comprehensive monitoring program was conducted during 2005–2007 to investigate seasonal variations of hydrologic stability and water quality in the Yeongsan Reservoir (YSR), located at the downstream end of the Yeongsan River, Korea. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify factors dominating the seasonal water quality variation from a large suite of measured data—11 physico-chemical parameters from 48 sampling sites. The results showed that three principal components explained approximately 62% of spatio-seasonal water quality variation, which are related to stratifications, pollutant loadings and resultant eutrophication, and the advective mixing process during the episodic rainfall-runoff events. A comparison was then made between YSR and an upstream freshwater reservoir (Damyang Reservoir, DYR) in the same river basin during an autumn season. It was found that the saline stratification and pollutant input from the upstream contributed to greater concentrations of nutrients and organic matter in YSR compared to DYR. In YSR, saline stratification in combination with thermal stratification was a dominant cause of the longer period (for two consecutive seasons) of hypoxic conditions at the reservoir bottom. The results presented here will help better understand the season- and geography-dependent characteristics of reservoir water quality in Asian Monsoon climate regions such as Korea.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Significant water quality deterioration in an estuarine reservoir is identified from multivariate analysis of comprehensive monitoring data, which highlights the influence of stratification and eutrophication on seasonal water quality degradation. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b920235h'> </P>

A Study on the Variability in English Onset /l/ Production

Yongeun Lee 한국영어학학회 2010 영어학연구 Vol.16 No.1

Traditionally, the English /l/ has been described as having two allophonic variants as a function of its position in a syllable, clear /l/ (as in love) and dark /l/ (as in feel). In contrast to this, Sproat and Fujimura (1993) provided compelling evidence that English /l/ actually has a continuum of possible pronunciations and that the phonetic variation in /l/ quality is determined by phonetic principles. Specifically, in their study a continuum of /l/ types in the direction from dark toward light was found as the strength of the linguistic boundary immediately following /l/ decreased. Using a naturally occurring speech, the current study investigates the possibility of whether the same kind of phonetic implementation rules could govern the pronounced forms of the syllable-initial /l/. More specifically, the possibility of interest in this study was whether the quality of onset /l/ may also vary significantly as the strength of the prosodic boundary, at the beginning of which the /l/ positioned itself, increases. To test this hypothesis, the current study made acoustic measurements of syllable-initial /l/ at the beginning of three prosodic boundaries, differing from one another in terms of the prosodic strength. The two major findings of the current study were that (i) in terms of /l/ duration, when the light /l/ was located at the beginning of a stronger prosodic boundary, its duration was only marginally longer than when it was positioned at the beginning of a prosodically weaker boundary, (ii) that in terms of /l/ quality, the ‘lightness’ of /l/ (defined as the value of ‘F2 minus F1’) was found to increase in somewhat gradual fashion as the duration of the /l/ increased. Implications of the current findings for the existing models of phonetic implementations of the English /l/ are discussed.

A Lexicon and Behavioral Study on the Status of the Syllable in Japanese

Yongeun Lee 서울대학교 언어교육원 2016 語學硏究 Vol.52 No.1

Labrune (2012) recently proposed that the moras are not the immediate constituent of the syllable but of the foot in Japanese. This contradicts with more traditional models of Japanese prosody that acknowledge the presence of the syllable inside the foot. Labrune’s proposal is important given the prevalent assumption in the literature that the syllable is a prosodic unit present in all languages (Selkirk 1984). The present study further explored the nature of the prosodic structure in Japanese. The result from a statistical analysis of distributions of segments within the bisyllabic words in Japanese was consistent with prosodic structures where the onset consonant is not directly linked to the syllable node in Japanese. A speeded word-repetition experiment indicated that a mora type undergoes some forms of changes more often when they are positioned lower in the mora hierarchy. Specifically, the lower a mora class is positioned in the mora hierarchy, the more likely it undergoes changes in productions. Discussions of the current findings are provided to the effect that positing the syllable unit in Japanese phonology may not be necessary, lending further indirect support for the prosodic model of Japanese along the line of Labrune (2012).