Normal liver sparing by proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison with helical intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy

Kim, Ja Young,Lim, Young Kyung,Kim, Tae Hyun,Cho, Kwang Hyun,Choi, Sang Hyoun,Jeong, Hojin,Kim, Dae Woong,Park, Jung Hoon,Shin, Dong Ho,Lee, Se Byeong,Kim, Sang Soo,Kim, Joo-Young,Kim, Dae Yong,Park, Informa Healthcare 2015 Acta Oncologica Vol.54 No.10

Fabrication of pre-alloyed Al–Li powders with high Li content via thermal dehydrogenation of LiH and rapid solidification process

Kim, Sang Hoon,Hui, Kwun Nam,Kim, Yong-Jin,Lim, Tae-Soo,Yang, Dong-Yeol,Kim, Ki Bong,Kim, Young Ja,Jang, Gwang Joo,Yang, Sangsun Elsevier 2016 Materials & Design Vol.94 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pre-alloyed Al–Li powders having high Li content were fabricated using thermal dehydrogenation of LiH. This, together with a rapid solidification process (RSP), led to strong suppression of the vaporization of Li. The uniform distribution of the Li present in the Al matrix was proved by confirming the random arrangement of δ'-AlLi precipitates seen in the microscopic images in the qualitative analysis. Spectroscopic analysis provided quantitative results for the concentration of Li. The dehydrogenation from LiH to Li was determined by H/O/N measurement, density reduction, and thermal analysis. Herein, we present that Al–Li powders with pre-determined 3.45wt.% Li, can be prepared via thermal dehydrogenation with 5.00wt.% LiH (4.37wt.% Li), and that the resulting material could be used in high-performance powder metallurgical (P/M) applications for aircraft and aerospace structures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Al–Li alloy having high Li content is prepared via thermal decomposition of LiH. </LI> <LI> Fabrication of pre-alloyed Al–Li powders is accomplished using RSP. </LI> <LI> Arrangement of δ'-AlLi precipitates in Al–Li alloy is confirmed by SEM and TEM. </LI> <LI> Al–Li powders are characterized by microscopic, spectroscopic, and physical analyses. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

High abundance and role of antifungal bacteria in compost-treated soils in a wildfire area.

Kim, Yong-Hak,Kim, In Sung,Moon, Eun Young,Park, Jeong Soo,Kim, Sang-Jong,Lim, Joo-Hoon,Park, Byung Tae,Lee, Eun Ju Springer-Verlag 2011 Microbial ecology Vol.62 No.3

<P>Compost has been widely used in order to promote vegetation growth in post-harvested and burned soils. The effects on soil microorganisms were scarcely known, so we performed the microbial analyses in a wildfire area of the Taebaek Mountains, Korea, during field surveys from May to September 2007. Using culture-dependent and -independent methods, we found that compost used in burned soils influenced a greater impact on soil fungi than bacteria. Compost-treated soils contained higher levels of antifungal strains in the genera Bacillus and Burkholderia than non-treated soils. When the antifungal activity of Burkholderia sp. strain O1a_RA002, which had been isolated from a compost-treated soil, was tested for the growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi isolated from burned soils, the membrane-filtered culture supernatant inhibited 19/37 fungal strains including soil fungi, Eupenicillium spp. and Devriesia americana; plant pathogens, Polyschema larviformis and Massaria platani; an animal pathogen, Mortierella verticillata; and an unidentified Ascomycota. However, this organism only inhibited 11/151 bacterial strains tested. These patterns were compatible with the culture-independent DGGE results, suggesting that the compost used in burned soils had a greater impact on soil fungi than bacteria through the promotion of the growth of antifungal bacteria. Our findings indicate that compost used in burned soils is effective in restoring soil conditions to a state closer to those of nearby unburned forest soils at the early stage of secondary succession.</P>

Influence of Local Myocardial Damage on Index of Microcirculatory Resistance and Fractional Flow Reserve in Target and Nontarget Vascular Territories in a Porcine Microvascular Injury Model

Lee, Joo Myung,Kim, Hyun Kuk,Lim, Kyung Seob,Park, Jun-Kyu,Choi, Ki Hong,Park, Jonghanne,Hwang, Doyeon,Rhee, Tae-Min,Yang, Jeong Hoon,Shin, Eun-Seok,Nam, Chang-Wook,Doh, Joon-Hyung,Hahn, Joo-Yong,Koo, Elsevier 2018 JACC. Cardiovascular interventions Vol.11 No.8

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of microvascular damage in one vessel territory on invasively measured physiological parameters in the other vessel, using a porcine microvascular damage model.</P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Although fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided decision-making for the nonculprit stenosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction has been reported to be better than angiography-guided revascularization, there have been debates regarding the influence of microvascular dysfunction on measured FFR in nonculprit vessels.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>In Yorkshire swine, microvascular damage was induced with selective intracoronary injection of microspheres (100 μm × 10<SUP>5</SUP> each) into the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Coronary stenosis was created in both the LAD and the left circumflex artery (LCx) using balloon catheters. Coronary physiological changes were assessed with index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) and FFR at baseline and at each subsequent injection of microsphere up to a fifth dose in both the LAD and LCx. Measurements were repeated 5 times at each stage, and a total of 424 measurements were made in 12 Yorkshire swine models.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The median area stenosis in LAD and LCx was 48.1% (interquartile range: 40.8% to 50.4%) and 47.9% (interquartile range: 31.1% to 62.9%), respectively. At baseline, FFR in the LAD was lower than that in the LCx (0.89 ± 0.01 and 0.94 ± 0.01; p < 0.001). There was no difference in the IMR (18.4 ± 5.8 U and 17.9 ± 1.2 U; p = 0.847). With repeated injections of microspheres, IMR in LAD was significantly increased, up to 77.7 ± 15.7 U (p < 0.001). Given the same stenosis, FFR in the LAD was also significantly increased, up to 0.98 ± 0.01 along with IMR increase (p < 0.001). Conversely, IMR and FFR were not changed in the LCx throughout repeated injury to the LAD territory (p = 0.105 and p = 0.286 for IMR and FFR, respectively). The increase in LAD IMR was mainly driven by the increase in hyperemic mean transit time (p < 0.001).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>In Yorkshire swine models, local microvascular damage increased both FFR and IMR in a vessel supplying target myocardial territory. However, IMR and FFR were maintained in the other vessel. These physiological results in swine support the concept that FFR measurement might provide useful information for evaluating nonculprit lesions in clinical settings involving significant acute myocardial injury.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Apoptotic Neuronal Death in the Mouse Brain Induced by Experimental Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection

강태훈(Tae-Hoon Kang),채수림(Soo-Lim Chae),최우영(Woo-Young Choi) , 박찬(Chan Park),남재환(Jae-Hwan Nam),주영란(Young-Ran Joo),박근영(Keun-Yong Park),조해월(Hae-Wol Cho),김인범(In-Beom Kim) 대한해부학회 2005 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.38 No.3

일본뇌염바이러스 (JEV)는 사람에 있어서는 급성뇌염을 유발하고, 다양한 배양세포에 있어서는 해로운 영향을 줄 것이라고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 일본뇌염바이러스 (JEV)에 감염된 생쥐의 뇌에서 세포자멸사가 발생하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. JEV에 감염된 생쥐 뇌의 특정부위에서의 DNA파쇄는 DNA oligonucleosomal laddering을 관찰함으로써 확인하였고, 진행중인 세포자멸사는 in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) 기법으로 관찰하였다. TUNEL 염색과 JEV 항원에 대한 염색법을 이용하여 이중면역염색법을 시행한 결과, 감염된 많은 신경세포들이 TUNEL 면역염색성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 생쥐 뇌에서 JEV 감염에 의해 유도된 세포사멸은 세포자멸사성 기작과 연관이 있으며, 따라서 이러한 세포자멸사는 일본뇌염에 따른 병 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) may cause acute encephalitis in humans and induce severe cytopathic effects in various types of cultured cells. To investigate whether JEV infection induces apoptosis, we examined DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in the specific region of the JEV infected mouse brain by DNA oligonucleosomal laddering and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique and immunohistochemical study. JEV infections in the mouse brain were detected in the telencephalon, the diencephalons, and the brain stem, but not in the cerebellum and the hippocampus. Fragmentation of cellular DNA into oligonucleosome-length ladders was only observed in tissue samples prepared from the cerebral cortex. In addition, the large number of TUNEL-positive cells was observed in the cerebral cortex. Double-labeling experiment with TUNEL staining and immunostaining for the JEV showed that TUNEL-positive neurons containing JEV immunoreactivity. These results suggest that JEV infection may evoke apoptotic neuronal death in the mouse brain, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis.

새만금 방조제에서 곰솔의 초기 생장에 미치는 방풍 시설 설치 효과

김정환 ( Jeong Hwan Kim ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),서경원 ( Kyung Won Seo ),정용호 ( Yong Ho Jeong ),엄태원 ( Tae Won Um ) 한국농림기상학회 2013 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.15 No.4

해풍은 육풍에 비해 더 높은 풍속, 염도, 습도를 가졌을 뿐 아니라 풍향의 전환도 빠른 특성을 갖고 있다. 수목의 초기 생장에 영향을 끼치는 주요한 인자중 하나는 풍속이며, 일반적으로 초기 생장단계에서 수목의 생장률은 풍속이 감소될수록 증가하는 특성을 가진다. 따라서, 본 연구는 새만금 방조제에서 방풍시설을 설치함에 따라 수목의 생장과 해풍의 특성을 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌 재질의 방풍시설(개구율 40%)이 높이 3m, 길이 130m에 걸쳐 설치되었으며, 내외부에 1, 2, 3m 높이의 풍향풍속계를 5대 설치하여 2011년부터 2012년까지 1분 간격으로 수집하였다. 새만금 방조제 시험지의 풍향 빈도는 북풍이 26.8%, 북서풍 20.3%, 북동풍14.6% 순으로 나타났으며, 풍속은 높이별로 다르게 나타났다. 해송의 생장은 방풍시설 내부에서 자라는 경우가 외부에서 자라는 경우에 비해 수고 약 17%, 근원경 약 13% 높게 생장한 것으로 나타났다. The sea breeze shows different characteristics compared to land breeze, such as high wind speed and more rapider shift period. One of the major factors affecting plant early growth is wind speed. In the early growth stage, tree growth-rates rise with decreasing wind speed. Thus, the study was performed to identify wind break effects on wind characteristics and tree growth. The wind break used in this study was about 130 meters length and 3 meters height, made up with poly-ethylene (with 40% openness). We installed one vane and fifteen anemographs at three different heights (1, 2 and 3 meters) on the inner and outer wind break areas. The wind characteristic and plant growth data were collected from Jun. 2011 to Oct. over 2012. The wind rose of the Saemangum seawall area presented the north (21.5%) and it was followed by north-west (18.1%), east (14.9%) and north-east (13.7%) and the remainder with other directions. Wind speeds at height were different. The tree height was 159.6 cm at inside and 129.6 cm at outside. The diameter at root-collar was 36.9 mm at inside and 32.6 mm at outside from wind break.

The merlin tumor suppressor interacts with Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator and inhibits its activity

Ryu, Chung Hun,Kim, Sae-Woong,Lee, Kyu Hwa,Lee, Joo Yong,Kim, Hongtae,Lee, Woon Kyu,Choi, Byung Hyune,Lim, Young,Kim, Young Hoon,Lee, Kweon-Haeng,Hwang, Tae-Kon,Jun, Tae-Youn,Rha, Hyoung Kyun Nature Publishing Group 2005 Oncogene Vol.24 No.34

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is the most commonly mutated gene in benign tumors of the human nervous system such as schwannomas and meningiomas. The NF2 gene encodes a protein called schwannomin or merlin, which is involved in regulating cell growth and proliferation through protein–protein interactions with various cellular proteins. In order to better understand the mechanism by which merlin exerts its function, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed and Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS), a downstream molecule of Ras, was identified as a merlin-binding protein. The direct interaction between merlin and RalGDS was confirmed both in vitro and in the NIH3T3 cells. The domain analyses revealed that the broad C-terminal region of merlin (aa 141–595) is necessary for the interaction with the C-terminal Ras-binding domain (RBD) of RalGDS. Functional studies showed that merlin inhibits the RalGDS-induced RalA activation, the colony formation and the cell migration in mammalian cells. These results suggest that merlin can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the RalGDS-mediated oncogenic signals.Oncogene (2005) 24, 5355–5364. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208633; published online 27 June 2005

서해 중부 해상 대기의 연직구조 분척

윤용훈,임주연,김백조,김태희,서장원,조하만,Youn, Yong-Hoon,Lim, Joo-Yun,Kim, Baek-Jo,Kim, Tae-Hee,Seo, Jang-Won,Cho, Ha-Man 한국지구과학회 2000 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

To search out the characteristics of the lower and the upper atmospheric vertical structure, we selected the island(Oeyoundori Ochun-myen Poryeng city Chung-Nam) as an observation site, which is thought to represent the characteristics of ocean well, and observed the vertical structure of the atmosphere by Radiosonde. By using the results of the observation, we analyzed the changes of relative humidity(RH), temperature and wind when the cyclone and the anticyclone passed and compared the results in case of each event. To compare the vertical structure of the ocean atmosphere with those of the continent we analyzed the values observed with using Radiosonde at Osan site. Through this study, we found that relative humidity changed as the cyclone and the anticyclone passed. That is, when the cyclone came, RH increased first in the upper atmosphere than in the lower and when the high came, RH in the upper decreased sharply to 10%. And the variations of relative humidity in ocean are bigger than those in continent. In the future, we plan to f d out the relation between the vapor water in ocean and continent seasonally and daily through the observation in ocean and continent at same time. 상층과 하층의 대기구조 특성을 알아내기 위하여, 해양의 특성을 잘 표현한다고 사료되는 섬(충남 보령시 오천면 외연도리)을 관측지점으로 선택하여 라디오존데를 이용하여 대기의 연직구조를 관측하였다. 관측결과를 이용하여, 저 고기압이 통과할 때의 상대습도, 기온과 바람의 변화를 분석하였으며 각각의 경우에 대해 결과치들을 비교하였다. 해양과 육상에서의 대기구조를 비교하기 위하여 오산의 관측 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 상대습도가 고 저기압의 통과에 따라 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 저기압이 다가올 때는 상대습도는 하층보다 상층에서 먼저 증가하였으나 고기압이 다가올 때는 상층에서 10%까지 급격하게 감소하였다. 또, 상대습도 변화폭이 육상에서보다 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 앞으로 해양과 육상에서의 수증기간의 관계를 계절별, 그리고 일별로 동시간 관측을 통해 찾고자 한다.

A Study on the Insulation Characteristics for Stator Windings of IGBT PWM Inverter-Fed Induction Motors

Don-Ha Hwang,Dong-Sik Kang,Yong-Joo Kim Tae-Hoon Lim,Sung-Woo Bae,Dong-Hee Kim,Chae-Cyun Ro 전력전자학회 2003 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.3 No.3

The winding insulation of low-voltage induction motors in adjustable-speed drive system with voltage-fed Inverters is substantially stressed due to the uneven voltage distribution and excessive voltage stress (dv/dt), which result in the premature insulation breakdown In this paper, the detailed insulation test results of 26 low-voltage induction motors are presented. Six different types of insulation techniques are applied to 26 motors. The insulation characteristics are analyzed with partial discharge, discharge inception voltage, AC current, and dissipation factor tests Also, insulation breakdown tests by high voltage pulses are performed, and the corresponding breakdown voltages obtained.

Effect of scheduled second-look endoscopy on peptic ulcer bleeding: a prospective randomized multicenter trial

Park, Soo Jung,Park, Hyojin,Lee, Yong Chan,Choi, Chang Hwan,Jeon, Tae Joo,Park, Jun Chul,Kim, Jie-Hyun,Youn, Young Hoon,Kim, Yu Jin,Kim, Jae Hak,Lee, Kwang Jae,Lim, Sun Gyo,Kim, Hyungkil,Bang, Byoung Elsevier 2018 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Vol.87 No.2

<P><B>Background and Aim</B></P> <P>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of scheduled second-look endoscopy (EGD) with endoscopic hemostasis on peptic ulcer rebleeding and to identify the risk factors related to the need for second-look EGD.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We prospectively randomized patients who had endoscopically confirmed bleeding peptic ulcer with stigmata of active bleeding, visible vessel, or adherent clot into 2 groups between August 2010 and January 2013. Hemoclip application or thermal coagulation and/or epinephrine injection were allowed for initial endoscopic therapy. The same dosage of proton pump inhibitor was injected intravenously. The study group received scheduled second-look EGD 24 to 36 hours after the initial hemostasis, and further therapy was applied if endoscopic stigmata persisted, as above. Those patients who developed rebleeding underwent operation or radiologic intervention despite the additional endoscopic therapy. Outcome measures included rebleeding, amount of transfusion, duration of hospitalization, and mortality.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>After initial endoscopic hemostasis, 319 eligible patients were randomized into 2 groups. Sixteen (10.1%) and 9 (5.6%) patients developed rebleeding (<I>P</I> = .132), respectively. There was also no difference in surgical intervention (0, 0% vs 1, .6%, <I>P</I> >.999) or radiologic intervention (3, 1.9% vs 2, 1.2%, <I>P</I> = .683), median duration of hospitalization (6.0 vs 5.0 days, <I>P</I> = .151), amount of transfusion (2.4 ± 1.7 vs 2.2 ± 1.6 units, <I>P</I> = .276), and mortality (2, 1.3% vs 2, 1.2%, <I>P</I> > .999) between the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis showed that grades 3 to 4 of endoscopists’ estimation to success of initial hemostasis, history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and larger amounts of blood transfusions (≥4 units of red blood cells) were the independent risk factors of rebleeding.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>A single EGD with endoscopic hemostasis is not inferior to scheduled second-look endoscopy in terms of reduction in rebleeding rate of peptic ulcer bleeding. Repeat endoscopy would be helpful in the patients with unsatisfactory initial endoscopic hemostasis, use of NSAIDs, and larger amounts of transfused blood. (Clinical trial registration number: KCT0000565; 4-2010-0348.)</P>