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( Chan-ho Yeom ),( Si-young Lee ),( Houng-sek Park ),( Myoung-soo Won ) 한국목재공학회 2020 목재공학 Vol.48 No.6
본 연구는 산불의 발생과 확산위험성의 지표인 산불연료의 수분함량과 산불위험도의 변화를 예측하기 위한 산불연료습도 자동화 측정센서를 개발하였다. 이 측정센서는 산불연료의 함수율을 전기저항으로 측정하여 자동으로 산불연료의 함수율을 산정하는 방법이다. 이 센서에 사용된 산불연료는 소나무(길이 50cm, 직경 1.5cm)이고, 함수율과 전기저항과의 관계를 추정하는 전기저항=2E(E:Exponent of 10)+13X(X:함수율)-9.705(R<sup>2</sup>=0.947)인 환산식을 개발하였다. 또한, 이를 이용하여 자동화된 산불연료습도 자동화 측정센서의 소프트웨어와 함체를 설계하여 시제품을 제작하였고, 이를 다시 산림 내에서 현장 모니터링 검증을 실시하여 적합성(R<sup>2</sup>=0.824)을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 산불의 발생, 확산과 강도를 예측할 수 있는 기술의 개발에 도움을 주며, 산불위험예보 기술의 고도화를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. In this study, an automated sensor to measure forest fire surface fuel moistures was developed to predict changes in the moisture content and risk of forest fire surface fuel, which was indicators of forest fire occurrence and spread risk. This measurement sensor was a method of automatically calculating the moisture content of forest fire surface fuel by electric resistance. The proxy of forest fire surface fuel used in this sensor is pine (50 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter), and the relationship between moisture content and electrical resistance, R(R:Electrical resistance) =2E(E:Exponent of 10)+13X(X:Moisture content)-9.705(R<sup>2</sup>=0.947) was developed. In addition, using this, the software and case of the automated measurement sensor for forest fire surface fuel moisture were designed to produce a prototype, and the suitability (R<sup>2</sup>=0.824) was confirmed by performing field monitoring verification in the forest. The results of this study would contribute to develop technologies that can predict the occurrence, spread and intensity of forest fires, and are expected to be used as basic data for advanced forest fire risk forecasting technologies.
Chan Ho Yeom,Si Young Lee,Chun Geun Kwon,Houng Sek Park 위기관리 이론과 실천 2015 Crisisonomy Vol.11 No.1
본 연구는 산림 내 주요 시설물 지역 산불안전진단 기법에 대한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 2013년 3월9일 경상북도 포항시에서 발생한 산불을 대상으로 산불행동과 피해시설물 특성을 분석하기 위하여 포항산불 피해지의 기상요소, 지형특성, 산불확산 특성과 시설물 피해 현장조사 자료를 분석한 결과 산불발생시 포항시는 고온건조 하고 강한 남서풍이 불었고, 30° 이상의 급경사지에서 산불초기 확산속도는 2.3km/hr로 빠르게 확산되었다. 산불 피해 시설물의 경우 산림과의 평균 이격거리는 2.7m로 산림과 매우 근접해 있었으며, 산불진행방향의 골짜기막 장형에 위치한 시설물들이 직접전이와 비화에 의해 피해를 입은 것으로 조사되었고, 샌드위치판넬 등 시설물의 재질이 산불 피해에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다. This study, as a result of conducting a field research on the weather conditions, topographic characteristics, analysis of the characteristics of forest fire behaviour, and facilities’ damages, in order to analyze the characteristics of forest fire behaviors of the forest fire that occurred in the Pohang city area, Gyeongbuk on March 9th 2013, in purpose of providing basic resources for the method of inspecting forest fire safety in areas with key facilities in forests, found out that when a forest fire occurs, Pohang city has weather conditions of strong Southwestern winds, and the initial forest fire spreading speed was about 2.3km/hr at steep slopes over 30°. In the case of facilities damaged by a forest fire, the average distance with the forest was 2.7m which was fairly close with the forest, and while the facilities located at the valley front of the direction of the movement of the forest fire were investigated to be damaged due to direct transition and spotting fire, the material of the facilities such as sandwich panels, etc. were analyzed to have damage on the facilities.
A Comparative Analysis of Forest Fire Suppression Resources According to Facilities in Forest
Chan Ho Yeom,Si Young Lee,Houng Sek Park 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 Crisisonomy Vol.12 No.4
본 연구는 산림 내 주요시설물별 산불진화자원 현황을 분석하기 위하여 산림 내에 가장 많이 소재하고 있는 요양소, 펜션, 휴양림, 사찰 등 총 69개소에 대해 현장조사를 실시하였다. 시설물별 산불진화자원 현황 조사는 안전관리 인적현황(2항목), 재난발생 시 협조체계 현황(2항목), 안전관리(3항목), 소화설비(4항목), 방범설비 및 매뉴얼(3항목)등 총 14개 항목에 대하여 실시하였다. 연구결과 산불이발생될 경우 대응가능 인원 중 시설물 관리자 및 상주하는 사람을 대상으로 소방안전관리자로 선임할 필요성이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 산불발생시 관공서와의 접근거리는 사찰이 평균 10km (18.6분)로 가장 멀고, 진출입로, 선회 공간 등이 부족한 것으로 조사되었고, 펜션의 경우 안전교육을거의하지 않는 것으로 나타나 교육 훈련이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 시설물별 소화설비 및장비의 확충과 화재대응 매뉴얼 구축이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. In this study, we investigated sanatoriums, pensions, recreation forests, buddhist temples and others mainly located in forest in order to analyze the present conditions on forest fire suppression resources. By investigating 69 facilities in the study area, we found that a facility administrator and resident persons would need to be appointed as a fire administrator to effectively respond to forest fires. It is found that buddhist temples are located the most distant from a public office, with the average distance of approximately 10 km (the access time was 18.6 minutes), and thus should be provided with more access routes and spaces for more prompt responses to the forest fire risk. We also found that the forest fire safety education has been rarely conducted in pensions. This findings of this study recommend that an extinguishing system and equipment should be further expanded and the forest fire response manual should be provided in all facilities.
전기저항 값을 이용한 산불지상연료 습도 추정에 관한 연구
염찬호(Yeom Chan Ho),원명수(Won Myoung Soo),이시영(Lee Si Young),윤석희(Yoon Suk Hee),박흥석(Park Houng Sek) 한국방재학회 2018 한국방재학회지 Vol.18 No.4
본 연구에서는 산불의 발생과 확산 위험성의 지표인 산림연료의 수분함량과 산불위험도의 변화를 예측하기 위한 산림연료습도 측정센서를 제작하여 전기저항 값과의 관계구명을 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 산림연료습도 센서에서 사용된 표준연료의 재질은 기선정된 소나무(길이 50 cm, 직경 1.5 cm)를 선정하여 산림연료습도 측정센서 함수율의 변화 추이에 따라 전기저항 값의 변화를 측정하였다. 측정결과를 통해 함수율을 전기저항을 통해 추정하는 환산식(전기저항=2E(E : Exponent of 10) + 13X(X :함수율) -9.705(R²=0.947))을 도출하였다. 이를 통해, 산불의 발생, 확산과 강도를 예측할 수 있는 기술의 개발에 도움을 줄 것으로 예상되며, 산불위험 예보기술의 고도화를 위한 기초자료 제공이 될 것으로 기대된다. In this studies, we tested for investigating the relationship between a fuel moisture and an electrical resistance which was main factor for making forest fuel moisture sensor. This sensor was made for forecasting a forest fire danger rating which was concerned with forest fuel moisture contents. The standard fuel for using sensor was made by pine tree, stick shaped. (The length was 50 cm and The diameter was 1.5 cm). We measured the electrical resistance change according to fuel moisture weight change in the standard fuel. In results, we developed the conversion formula for estimating a fuel moisture in forest(electrical resistance=2E (E : Exponent of 10) + 13X (X : fuel moisture) - 9.705, R²=0.947) This formula would give a help for development of techniques about estimating a forest fire ignition, a propagation and severity and for the construction of base data for advanced forest fire forecasting.
Yeom, Jung Sook,Choi, Myung Bum,Seo, Ji-Hyun,Park, Ji Sook,Lim, Jae-Young,Park, Chan-Hoo,Woo, Hyang-Ok,Youn, Hee-Shang,Ko, Gyung-Hyuck,Baik, Seung-Chul,Lee, Woo-Kon,Cho, Myung-Je,Rhee, Kwang-Ho SAGE Publications 2013 Cephalalgia Vol.33 No.5
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Although many patients with functional dyspepsia experience headache concurrently with dyspeptic symptoms, studies suggesting mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are limited. Herein, we explore the relationship between gastrointestinal inflammatory cells and presence of headache associated with dyspeptic symptoms in children with <I>Helicobacter pylori</I>-negative functional dyspepsia.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Fifty-six patients with <I>H. pylori</I>-negative functional dyspepsia underwent upper endoscopy with biopsy to investigate recurrent epigastric pain or discomfort. Patients were divided into two groups according to self-reported presence of headache associated with dyspeptic symptoms. Inflammatory cells including mast cells, and enteroendocrine cells in the gastroduodenal mucosa were evaluated. Associations between headache presence and cellular changes in the gastroduodenal mucosa were examined.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Headache was not associated with the grade of lymphocytes, neutrophil infiltration, or enteroendocrine cell density in the gastroduedenal mucosa. However, headache was significantly associated with high mast cell density in the body (27.81 ± 8.71 vs. 20.30 ± 8.16, <I>p</I> < 0.01) and duodenum (23.16 ± 10.40 vs. 14.84 ± 5.88, <I>p</I> < 0.01).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Presence of headache associated with dyspeptic symptoms is strongly related to mucosal mast cell density in pediatric patients with <I>H. pylori</I>-negative functional dyspepsia. Thus, our results may help clinicians understand and treat headache during dyspeptic symptoms in such pediatric patients.</P>