Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase-Immunoreactive Neurons In the Hamster Visual Cortex: Lack of Co-localization with Parvalbumin

진미주,이지은,예은아,전창진,Jin Mi-Joo,Lee Jee-Eun,Ye Eun-Ah,Jeon Chang-Jin Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

산화질소(NO)와 칼슘 결합 단백질은 중추신경계의 다양한 세포들에서 나타나며, 이들은 각각 중요 신호전달 분자와 칼슘 완충 분자이다. 본 연구는 햄스터의 시각피질에서 뇌산화질소 합성효소 (nNOS)와 parvalbumin을 포함하는 뉴런들의 분포와 이들의 co-localization 양상을 면역세포화학적 기법을 이용하여 알아보았다. 햄스터 시각피질에서 parvalbumin에 대한 면역 반응성을 나타내는 뉴런들의 전체 수는 nNOS에 대한 면역 반응성을 보이는 뉴런들의 수보다 17배나 많았다. 가장 큰 차이는 시각피질 제5충에서 발견되었으며, 이곳에서 parvalbumin-면역 반응성 뉴런이 nNOS-면역 반응성 뉴런들의 수보다 54.7배나 높았다. nNOS-또는 parvalbumin-면역 반응성 뉴런들은 크기와 형태, 분포 방식이 시각피질에서 유사하게 나타났다. 그러나 이색 면역형광 기법은 햄스터 시각피질에서 nNOS와 parvalbumin을 모두 발현하는 뉴런은 없음을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 nNOS와 칼슘 결합 단백질 사이의 co-localization양상이 종간에 차이가 존재함을 나타내며 또한 시각피질에 있는 nNOS-면역 반응성 뉴런들의 다양성과 이질성뿐만 아니라 동물 다양성 이해의 중요성을 함께 제시한다고 볼 수 있다. Nitric oxide (NO) and calcium-binding proteins occur in various types of cells in the central nervous system. They are important signaling and calcium buffering molecules, respectively. In the present study, using immunocytochemistry we examined the distribution and the co-localization pattern of neurons containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and parvalbumin in the visual cortex of hamster. The overall number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons was 17 times higher than that of the nNOS-IR neurons in the hamster visual cortex. The highest differences were found in layer V, where parvalbumin-IR neurons were 54.7 times more abundant than nNOS-IR neurons. Many nNOS- and parvalbumin-IR neurons were similar in size, shape, and manner of distribution in the visual cortex. However, two-color immunofluorescence revealed that no neurons in the hamster visual cortex expressed both nNOS and parvalbumin. The present results indicate that there are subtle species differences in the co-localization pattern between nNOS and calcium-binding proteins. The present results also suggest not only the heterogeneity and functional diversity of nNOS-IRneurons in the visual cortex, but also the importance of understanding animal diversity

MICASE 코퍼스에 나타난 학문 분야별 영어 정형어구의 특성 분석

권예은(Kwon, Ye-Eun),이은주(Lee, Eun-Joo) 한국응용언어학회 2010 응용 언어학 Vol.26 No.2

The study investigated structural and functional aspects of 4-word formulaic sequences across disciplines in MICASE. Based on the formulaic sequences extracted, a structural and functional analysis was conducted employing a taxonomy. In the study, substantially different occurrences of formulaic sequences were observed across disciplines. The frequency of formulaic sequences ranked high in Social Sciences and Education but ranked relatively low in Humanities and Arts. The low frequency of formulaic sequences in Humanities might be due to the characteristics of the field which pursues creativity and originality. The analysis of the use of formulaic sequences by the structural and functional subcategories across disciplines manifests (a) high frequency of the dependent clausal expressions consisting of the first person pronouns and (b) relative high frequency of epistemic expressions in Humanities and Education. In particular. in Biological and Health Sciences and Social Sciences and Education, there are more occurrences in quantity specification in referential expressions. This may indicate that formulaic sequences in oral discourse are partly influenced by the characteristics of academic disciplines.

포스트휴머니즘 연극에 드러난 실존적 인간의 인식 변화 -프란츠 카프카 원작, 히라타 오리자 각색/연출, 로봇 연극 <변신>을 중심으로

이예은 ( Lee Ye-eun ) 한국연극교육학회 2018 연극교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

This thesis explores the meaning of existence revealed in Hirata Oriza's play < Metamorphosis > adapted from Franz Kafka's, which applies the motif of metamorphosis to robots instead of worms. In order to approach the meaning of the human being in existence presented in the original and the play, two topics that I have focused on are death and art. In the original work art is the only exit to existential awareness that holds the time of life and death is presented as a pathway of salvation where such being ultimately comes to pass. The play < Metamorphosis > presents a collective death by staging a robot equally endowed with the limits of human beings and blurring the distinction between life and death. Thus the death presented as an event that causes the encounter with the existential self in the original work is reexamined as vanity, and Gregor, who is saved by death, is reconsidered as the despair of those who can not die. Even the art that enabled existential awareness in the original work is presented as a state of ‘phantom limbs’ that exists somewhere but can not know its residence. This play reveals the modesty of despair, which can not die even in its existential state, and of desiring the unknown world through the art of poetry, suggesting another point against the Cartesian human concept in the post-humanism perspective.

벌채 산물 수집이 산불연료에 미치는 영향

이예은(Ye-eun Lee),이선주(Sun Joo Lee),권춘근(Chun Geun Kwon),서경원(Kyung Won Seo),방철안(Cheol An Bang),김성용(Sung Yong Kim) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2020 Crisisonomy Vol.16 No.10

본 연구에서는 산불피해지 임분에서 산림조사를 수행하여 숲가꾸기 산물의 존치여부가 산불연료및 산불행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 관찰하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 벌채 산물을 포함한 연구대상지의 지표층 연료량은 약 38.92 ton/ha로 추정되었으며, 이는 우리나라 소나무림의 평균 지표층연료량인 약 14.46 ton/ha와 비교하였을 때 2.7배 이상 많은 수치였다. 지표화 강도를 추정한 결과, 벌채 산물을 포함했을 때는 약 8,956.33 kW/m, 제외했을 때는 약 4,454.95 kW/m로 추정되어, 벌채산물로 인해 지표화 강도가 2배 이상 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 수관화의 화염강도를 추정하기 위해서산 산불피해지와 군위산불피해지의 연소 후 남은 가지직경을 비교한 결과 군위산불은 약 0.75cm, 서산산불은 약 0.33cm로 측정되어 서산산불의 화염강도가 상대적으로 낮았을 것으로 판단했다. 본연구의 결과는 벌채 산물이 산불연료에 미치는 영향을 정량적인 결과로 제시하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. Thinning is known as an important method not only for promoting healthy forest but for preventing crown fire transition and spread. However, if you do not collect thinning slash, it may serve as a factor in the spread of forest fires. In this study, we attempted to observe the effects of thinning slash on fire behavior. The results of this study showed that total surface-fuel loads including thinning slash were estimated approximately 38.92 ton/ha in the study area, which was about 2.7 times more than that of Ⅳ Pinus densiflora stand in South Korea. Surface fire intensity (SFI) was measured at 8,956.33 kW/m with thinning slash, but 4,454.95 kW/m without thinning slash, which indicates a significant effect of thinning slash on SFI. The estimation of passive crown fire intensity showed that the fire spread rate was calculated as 0.4 km/h in Gunwi but calculated as 0.06 km/h in the study area. The results from this study could serve as a good example to explain the effects of thinning slash on wildfire fuel type.

인공지능 기반 악성코드 분석에서의 모델편향 완화방안 연구

이예은(Ye-Eun Lee),이용수(Yong-soo Lee),이은규(Eun-Gyu Lee),이태진(Tae-Jin Lee) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

오늘날 다양한 악성코드의 활동이 증가하면서 이를 탐지 및 분석하기 위한 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 복잡한 악성코드에 대응하기 위해 악성코드 탐지는 AI 기반을 통해 이루어지고 있으나, 악성코드가 점차 광범위해짐에 따라 AI 모델의 높은 신뢰성이 요구된다. 이 과정에서 악성코드 탐지에 영향이 없어야 하는 특정 변수에 의해 AI Model의 편향이 발생하여 AI 판단의 신뢰성에 대한 한계가 존재하였다. 본 논문에서는 AI Fairness 개념을 악성코드 분석에 도입하여 편향 문제를 해결하고 보다 개선된 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 편향을 제거하기 위한 여러 가지 방법 중에서 편향을 제거하기 위해 해당 변수를 아예 학습에 포함하지 않는 방법도 고려될 수 있다. 하지만 이는 해당 변수를 제외하더라도 다른 변수로부터 편향이 반영되는 대체 편향이 발생할 수도 있으므로 실질적인 해결 방법은 아니다. 우리는 변수를 제거하는 것이 아니라 변수의 편향을 완화하는 방법으로 실험을 진행하였다. AI에서 발생하는 편향탐지 및 완화를 목적으로 AI의 편향되지 않아야 할 입력 변수의 편향을 측정하고 편향완화를 진행한다. 전문가는 AI 기반 악성코드 탐지모델에서 사용된 입력변수 중 악성코드와 관련 없는 변수를 발견하고 이의 편향을 완화하는 실험을 진행하였다. fairness metrics를 통해 완화 이전의 편향을 측정하고 accuracy, precision, recall과 함께 편향완화 전/후 차이를 비교 · 분석한다.

UV-C LED를 이용한 유수살균장치의 자외선 조사량 및 균일도 개선을 위한 광학계 설계 연구

이예은(Ye-Eun Lee),최환영(Hwan-Young Choi),정미숙(Mee-Suk Jung) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2021 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.35 No.4

This paper carried out the study of optical system design which can increase the irradiation volume and uniformity of UV LED lamp used in oil-water sterilization device. Sterilizing devices that use LEDs have lower output than UV lamps, making it difficult to sterilize running water as they require a long time to reach the target amount of irradiation. In addition, Cytop, a material used in optical design, has a high transmittance at 275 nm, but the high price range requires minimum volume in optical design. To solve these problems, the volume of the optical system was minimized. In addition, optical system design of sterilizing device was carried out to satisfy target irradiation quantity and have high illumination intensity uniformity. Finally, the design was verified by applying the optical system designed to the actual sterilization environment to carry out the simulation and analyzing the amount of irradiation and uniformity accordingly.

증강현실 지리 위치 정보를 활용한 정보 공유 모바일 앱

강예은(Ye Eun Kang),장서연(Seo Yeon Jang),김대호(Dea Ho Kim),이혜란(Hye Ran Lee),이준표(Jun Pyo Lee) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.1

O/W 나노에멀젼 분산안정성에 미치는 보관온도의 영향

이예은(Ye-Eun Lee),유인상(In-Sang Yoo) 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.5

In this study, the emulsion dispersion stability of optimizing storage temperature was investigated. The system was based on oil/water (O/W) emulsions. In order to evaluate the stability, mean diameter of droplet was measured as a function of temperature with various mixed hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB). In addition, the correlations between phase inversion temperature (PIT) and the optimum storage temperature were probed. In this system, majority of the smallest droplet was shown at temperature of 20℃ below PIT. Whether the temperature was increased or decreased from the optimum, size of the droplet increased. According to the mixed HLB, the particle size and optimum storage temperature were also affected. As the concentrations of surfactant were increased, the size of particle decreased with lower optimum temperature for storage. If the surfactant (4 wt%) were mixed with HLB, the optimum storage temperature was 21℃ for maintaining the size of smallest droplet at 108.3 nm in diameter. At above optimum condition, increased size of particle was observed approximately 4 % increases from 108.2 nm to 112.3 nm after 600 hours. The size of particle in emulsion was maintained stably without any considerable effect of Ostwald ripening phenomena at the optimum storage temperature with low polydispersity index.

"통합적 창안 연극"의 기원 및 특징에 관한 연구 -자크 코포(Jacques Copeau)와 태양 극단(Theatre du Soleil)을 중심으로

이예은 ( Lee Ye Eun ) 한국연극교육학회 2016 연극교육연구 Vol.28 No.-

This study is aiming to considerate the origins and limitation of ``Integrated Devising Theatre``. I focused integrated devising method is originated from Jacques Copeau who founded modern mime. Copeau discovered ``Creativity`` influenced from Henry Bergson in early 20th century. In this context he shifted stress from writers to actors-especially actors`` bodies. That made a birth of modern mime and modern devising theatre at the same time. In spite of fact that Copeau contributed the birth of modern devising, he caused a paradoxical limitation in devising method also. Because he regarded the creativity a sacred and inviolable value in a work. So he distinguished art from reality and aimed completion of devised creativity. That is paradoxical attitude because devising method refrains from completing. I think that is Copeau``s paradox. Copeau``s paradox is continued to contemporary groups named ``Integrated Devising Theatre``. Substantially ``Integrated Devising Theatre`` starts from Jacques Lecoq who is inherent Copeau``s mime method and a teacher of many leading directors of devising theatre such as Simon Mcburney of Theatre de Complicite, Ariane Mnouchkine of Theatre du Soleil, Lloyd Newson of DV8. I focused on devising method of Ariane Mnouchkine among those because she is ideal successor of Copeau. She acknowledge Copeau as her ``idealized mento``. In spite of that she is taught from Lecoq, the spiritual teacher to Mnouchkine is Copeau. In this context I think she is inherent Copeau``s paradox. Mnouchkine encourages actors to express improvisational creativity to the hilt. For example she lays stress on the power of listening and lots of researching and filming everyday. In spite of that she integrates the diversity to one point so called "magical moment". This is common to Copeau``s paradox. She also regards the creativity a sacred and inviolable value at the end. So she distinguishes theater from reality and aimed completion of devised creativity. That is paradoxical attitude also. I think Copeau``s paradox is common to not only Mnouchkine but also ``Integrated Devising Theatre``. Because ``Integrated Devising Theatre`` literally tries to propel devising and completion at the same time. In this cases Devising could sublate goal-oriented position.

자폐스펙트럼장애를 가진 사람들의 소셜 미디어 이용목적 및 양상에 대한 사례 연구 조사

이예은(Ye Eun Lee),김보관(Bogoan Kim),한경식(Kyungsik Han) 한국HCI학회 2021 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.1

본 연구에서는 사회적 상호작용 및 의사소통 측면에서 어려움을 보이는 자폐스펙트럼장애(autism spectrum disorder, ASD)집단의 SNS 이용에 대한 목적과 양상을 조사하고, SNS 활용 방안에 대해서 논의한다. 이를 위해 2010-2020 년 동안 발표된 연구 논문들을 조사하였고, 조사한 논문들을 주제에 따라 범주화 했다. 그 결과, ASD 집단이 SNS 를 이용하는 주요 목적은 사회적 상호작용이라는 것을 확인하였다. ASD 집단은 일상생활에서 의사소통의 어려움을 겪고 있지만 SNS 에서는 적극적인 의사소통 양상을 보였다. 이에 더해서 ASD 집단은 SNS 상에서 제한된 대화 주제, 유행하는 신조어 이해의 어려움, 이모티콘에 대한 이해의 어려움, 감정 표현을 나타내는 이모티콘이나 문자기호의 저조한사용 등의 이용양상을 나타냈다. 이러한 이용양상의 원인이 되는 ASD 집단의 특성으로는 정서인식과 정서통합의 과정에서 어려움을 겪는다는 것을 확인하였다. 정서인식 및 정서 맥락 이해의 어려움과 사회적 상호작용의 어려움은 올바른 SNS 사용에 대한 지원 및 software program 을 활용한 정서인식학습을 통해 개선될 수 있다.