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Dynamic Models and Design of Spindle-Bearing Systems of Machine Tools: A Review
Chi-Wei Lin,Chih-Hsing Chu,Yang-Kuei Lin 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
Machine tools are vital to modern industries. The performance of a machine tool is assessed according to the dimensional accuracy and surface finish of the machined work-pieces, which are closely related to the dynamic characteristics of the spindle-bearing system. The main purpose of this study is to review relevant studies on dynamic models and the design of spindle-bearing systems of machine tools. These studies related to dynamic models are categorized into two types according to the physical components: spindle shafts and bearings. The dynamic models in each category are comprehensively discussed and coordinated. Guidelines condensed from the sampled papers are provided, followed by an exploration of design-related papers. Finally, a conclusion on the analyzed works is drawn and future lines of research are identified.
An easy and efficient protocol in the production of pflp transgenic banana against Fusarium wilt
Yip, Mei-Kuen,Lee, Sin-Wan,Su, Kuei-Ching,Lin, Yi-Hsien,Chen, Tai-Yang,Feng, Teng-Yung The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.3
This study describes an efficient protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of two subgroups of genotype AAA bananas (Musa acuminata cv. Pei Chiao and Musa acuminata cv. Gros Michel). Instead of using suspension cells, cauliflower-like bud clumps, also known as multiple bud clumps (MBC), were induced from sucker buds on MS medium containing $N^6$-Benzylaminopurine (BA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), and Paclobutrazol (PP333). Bud slices were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens C58C1 or EHA105 that carry a plasmid containing Arabidopsis root-type ferredoxin gene (Atfd3) and a plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) gene, respectively. These two strains showed differences in transformation efficiency. The EHA105 strain was more sensitive in Pei Chiao, 51.3% bud slices were pflp-transformed, and 12.6% slices were Atfd3-transformed. Gros Michel was susceptible to C58C1 and the transformation efficiency is 4.4% for pflp and 13.1% for Atfd3. Additionally, gene integration of the putative pflp was confirmed by Southern blot. Resulting from the pathogen inoculation assay, we found that the pflp transgenic banana exhibited resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4. This protocol is highly advantageous to banana cultivars that have difficulties in setting up suspension cultures for the purpose of quality improvement through genetic transformation. In addition, this protocol would save at least 6 months in obtaining explants for transformation and reduce labor for weekly subculture in embryogenic cell suspension culture systems.