Effect of Cattle Breeds on Milk Composition and Technological Characteristics in China

Yang, T.X.,Li, H.,Wang, F.,Liu, X.L.,Li, Q.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.6

Cattle breeds have a striking effect on milk, including milk composition and technological characteristics. This study aims to compare milk composition, acidification activity, viscosity, milk dispersion system stability and casein molecular weight among three buffalo breeds in China. The technological characteristics of milk produced by three cattle breeds of river buffalo (Murrah), crossbreed 1st generation ($F_1$), crossbreed multiple generation ($F_H$, $H{\geq}3$) buffaloes were investigated. Cattle breeds showed evident effect on milk protein, fat and total solids content, but little effect on most of buffalo casein molecular weight. Milk fat, protein content and the viscosity of buffalo milk from river buffalo were lower than those of $F_1$ and $F_H$, so was the buffer capacity. The viscosity was negatively correlated to temperature and concentration. Results of stability coefficient showed that milk dispersion system had the best dynamic stability characteristics under pH 6.6 and 6 times dilution, while zeta potential of Murrah milk was slightly higher than that of hybrid offspring ($F_1$, $F_H$). SDS-PAGE results showed that buffalo ${\alpha}_s$-casein had a slightly faster mobility than standard ${\alpha}_s$-casein; while buffalo ${\beta}$-casein showed a slightly slower mobility than standard ${\beta}$-casein. There is no clear differences in molecular weight of ${\alpha}_s$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\kappa}$-casein among Murrah, $F_1$ and $F_H$.

Detection of Human Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Antibody with Recombinant Fragmented Ribosomal P Protein

김영훈,Zhaoshou Yang,Jihoo Lee,안혜진,Chom-Kyu Chong,Wagner Maricondi,Ronaldo F. Dias,남호우 대한기생충학ㆍ열대의학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.57 No.4

Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and is endemic in many Latin Ameri- can countries. Diagnosis is based on serologic testing and the WHO recommends two or more serological tests for confir- mation. Acidic ribosomal P protein of T. cruzi showed strong reactivity against positive sera of patients, and we cloned the protein after fragmenting it to enhance its antigenicity and solubility. Twelve positive sera of Chagas disease patients were reacted with the fragmented ribosomal P protein using western blot. Detection rate and density for each fragment were determined. Fragments F1R1, F1R2, and F2R1 showed 100% rate of detection, and average density scoring of 2.00, 1.67, and 2.42 from a maximum of 3.0, respectively. Therefore, the F2R1 fragment of the ribosomal P protein of T. cruzi could be a promising antigen to use in the diagnosis of Chagas disease in endemic regions with high specificity and sensitivity.

DdeI Polymorphism in Coding Region of Goat POU1F1 Gene and Its Association with Production Traits

Lan, X.Y.,Pan, C.Y.,Chen, H.,Lei, C.Z.,Hua, L.S.,Yang, X.B.,Qiu, G.Y.,Zhang, R.F.,Lun, Y.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.9

POU1F1 is a positive regulator for GH, PRL and TSH${\beta}$ and its mutations associate with production traits in ruminant animals. We described a DdeI PCR-RFLP method for detecting a silent allele in the goat POU1F1 gene: TCT (241Ser)>TCG (241Ser). Frequencies of $D_1$ allele varied from 0.600 to 1.000 in Chinese 801 goats. Significant associations of DdeI polymorphism with production traits were found in milk yield (*p<0.05), litter size (*p<0.05) and one-year-old weight (*p<0.05) between different genotypes. Individuals with genotype $D_1D_1$ had a superior performances when compared to those with genotype $D_1D_2$ (*p<0.05). Hence, the POU1F1 gene was suggested to the potential candidate gene for superior milk performance, reproduction trait and weight trait. Genotype $D_1D_1$, characterized by a DdeI PCR-RFLP detection, was recommended to geneticists and breeders as a molecular marker for better performance in the goat industry.

miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach

Sousa, Josane F,Nam, Ki Taek,Petersen, Christine P,Lee, Hyuk-Joon,Yang, Han-Kwang,Kim, Woo Ho,Goldenring, James R BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2016 Gut Vol.65 No.6

<P>Objective Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are considered neoplastic precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma and are both marked by gene expression alterations in comparison to normal stomach. Since miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, we sought to investigate the role of miRNAs on the development of stomach metaplasias. Design We performed miRNA profiling using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach on laser capture microdissected human intestinal metaplasia and SPEM. Data integration of the miRNA profile with a previous mRNA profile from the same samples was performed to detect potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits. Transfection of gastric cancer cell lines with selected miRNA mimics and inhibitors was used to evaluate their effects on the expression of putative targets and additional metaplasia markers. Results We identified several genes as potential targets of miRNAs altered during metaplasia progression. We showed evidence that HNF4 gamma (upregulated in intestinal metaplasia) is targeted by miR-30 and that miR-194 targets a known co-regulator of HNF4 activity, NR2F2 (downregulated in intestinal metaplasia). Intestinal metaplasia markers such as VIL1, TFF2 and TFF3 were downregulated after overexpression of miR-30a in a HNF4 gamma-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of HNF4 gamma was sufficient to induce the expression of VIL1 and this effect was potentiated by downregulation of NR2F2. Conclusions The interplay of the two transcription factors HNF4 gamma and NR2F2 and their coordinate regulation by miR-30 and miR-194, respectively, represent a miRNA to transcription factor network responsible for the expression of intestinal transcripts in stomach cell lineages during the development of intestinal metaplasia.</P>

Enhanced Thermal Stability of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Pentacene

Yang, F.,Kim, J. H.,Ge, Z.,Kim, Y. S. LASER PAGES PUBLISHING LTD 2015 ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.55 No.9

Microsatellite-based Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Relationships of Six Dog Breeds

Ye, J.-H.,Ren, D.-R.,Xie, A.-F.,Wu, X.-P.,Xu, L.,Fu, P.-F.,Zhao, H.-A.,Yang, Qianyong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.8

The Tibetan Mastiff is one of the most archaic, ferocious and the largest dogs in the world. The Kunming dog is the chief working-dog breed in China. In this study, ten microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships in six dog breeds, including Tibetan Mastiff, Kunming dog, Belgian Malinois, Labrador Retriever, English Springer Spaniel, and German Shepherd. The highest genetic diversity was exhibited by the Tibetan Mastiff, indicating useful protection and little inbreeding in the modern Tibetan Mastiff. Higher genetic diversity was observed in European breeds, supporting the hypotheses that breeders outcross their pure breed dogs occasionally to avoid deleterious effects in Europe. Evolutionary relationships showed that English Springer Spaniel and Labrador Retriever were clustered together, then with the Tibetan Mastiff, consistent with previous cluster results. German Shepherd and Kunming dog were grouped together, coinciding with the breeding history of Kunming dog. It is the first time that Tibetan Mastiff and Kunming dog have been analyzed with microsatellites.

Insulin Inhibits the Expression of Adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA in Cultured Bovine Adipocytes

Sun, Y.G.,Zan, L.S.,Wang, H.B.,Guo, H.F.,Yang, D.P.,Zhao, X.L.,Gui, L.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.10

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein that has a regulatory role in energy homeostasis and influences insulin sensitivity. Its effects on glucose utilization and lipid metabolism are mediated by AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. How insulin affects adiponectin gene expression and secretion is still controversial. This study was conducted to determine the expression of adiponectin, AdipRs and $PPAR-\gamma$ during the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes and the effect of insulin on expression of these genes in bovine adipocytes. The bovine preadipocytes started to accumulate lipids three days after differentiation was induced, with increased expression of adiponectin, AdipoR2 and $PPAR-\gamma$ mRNAs. Insulin decreased the expression of adiponectin mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was detectable at insulin concentrations as low as 10 nM and as early as 2 h after addition of 100 nM insulin. Insulin also inhibited the expression of AdipoR2 mRNA at concentrations from 1 to 1,000 nM or 24 h after addition of 100 nM insulin, but did not affect the expression of AdipoR1 in bovine adipocytes. Inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 reversed the inhibition of adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA expression by insulin. These results suggest that insulin suppresses the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR2 at least partially via the PI3K signal pathway.

Population Structure and Biodiversity of Chinese Indigenous Duck Breeds Revealed by 15 Microsatellite Markers

Liu, W.,Hou, Z.C.,Qu, L.J.,Huang, Y.H.,Yao, J.F.,Li, N.,Yang, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.3

Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) is one of the most important domestic avian species in the world. In the present research, fifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the diversity and population structure of 26 Chinese indigenous duck breeds across the country. The Chinese breeds showed high variation with the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranging from 0.401 (Jinding) to 0.615 (Enshi), and the expected heterozygosity (He) ranging from 0.498 (Jinding) to 0.707 (Jingjiang). In all of the breeds, the values of Ho were significantly lower than those of He, suggesting high selection pressure on these local breeds. AMOVA and Bayesian clustering analysis showed that some breeds had mixed together. The FST value for all breeds was 0.155, indicating medium differentiation of the Chinese indigenous breeds. The FST value also indicated the short domestication history of most of Chinese indigenous ducks and the admixture of these breeds after domestication. Understanding the genetic relationship and structure of these breeds will provide valuable information for further conservation and utilization of the genetic resources in ducks.

Far-infrared reduced graphene oxide as high performance electrodes for supercapacitors

Xiang, F.,Zhong, J.,Gu, N.,Mukherjee, R.,Oh, I.K.,Koratkar, N.,Yang, Z. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Carbon Vol.75 No.-

We report a novel far-infrared (FIR) thermal reduction process to effectively reduce graphene oxide films for supercapacitor electrode applications. The binder-free graphene oxide films used in this study were produced by electro-spray deposition of a graphene oxide colloidal solution onto stainless steel current collectors. The reduction of graphene oxide was performed using a commercial FIR convection oven that is ubiquitous in homes for cooking and heating food. The reduction process incorporated a simple, one-step FIR irradiation carried out in ambient air. Further, the FIR irradiation process was completed in ~3min, wherein neither special atmosphere nor high temperature was employed, resulting in an economic, efficient and simplified processing technique. The as-produced FIR graphene electrode gave a specific capacitance of ~320F/g at a current density of ~0.2A/g with less than 94% loss in specific capacitance over 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. This is one of the best specific capacitances reported for all-carbon electrodes without any additives. Even at ultrafast charge/discharge rates (current densities as high as ~100A/g), the FIR graphene electrode still delivered specific capacitances in excess of 90F/g. The measured energy and power densities of the FIR supercapacitors were found to be ~3-6 times higher than commercial (activated carbon) supercapacitor devices. This excellent electrochemical performance of the FIR graphene coupled with its ease of production (in air at low temperatures) using a commercial home-use FIR convection oven indicates the significant potential of this concept for large-scale commercial electrochemical supercapacitor applications.

Gigahertz repetition rate, sub-femtosecond timing jitter optical pulse train directly generated from a mode-locked Yb:KYW laser

Yang, H.,Kim, H.,Shin, J.,Kim, C.,Choi, S.Y.,Kim, G.-H.,Rotermund, F.,Kim, J. OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014 Optics letters Vol.39 No.1

We show that a 1.13 GHz repetition rate optical pulse train with 0.70 fs high-frequency timing jitter (integration bandwidth of 17.5 kHz-10 MHz, where the measurement instrument-limited noise floor contributes 0.41 fs in 10 MHz bandwidth) can be directly generated from a free-running, single-mode diode-pumped Yb: KYW laser mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotube-coated mirrors. To our knowledge, this is the lowest-timing-jitter optical pulse train with gigahertz repetition rate ever measured. If this pulse train is used for direct sampling of 565 MHz signals (Nyquist frequency of the pulse train), the jitter level demonstrated would correspond to the projected effective-number-of-bit of 17.8, which is much higher than the thermal noise limit of 50 Omega load resistance (similar to 14 bits). (C) 2013 Optical Society of America