비육돈에 미생물제제 급여시 분뇨 특성에 미치는 효과

곽정훈,최동윤,박치호,김재환,정광화,양창범,유용희,천현식,라창식,Kwag, J.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Park, Ch.H.,Kim, J.H.,Jeong, K.H.,Yang, Ch.B.,Yoo, Y.H.,Chen, H.S.,La, C.S. 한국축산환경학회 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본시험은 비육돈사료에 미생물제제를 사료에 미생물제제 A 및 B 0.1 미생물제제 C를 0.2% 혼합 급여할 경우 사료섭취량 및 돈분의 오염물질 배설농도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 4처리$\times$반복당 5두로서 총 20두를 공시하여 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 비육돈의 일일 평균사료섭취량은 대조구 3.15 kg/일.두였고 미생물A, B, C구는 각각 3.14kg/일/두, 3.31, 3.42로 미생물제제 C구에서 일일 사료섭취량이 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 2. 일일평균 음수량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물 C구에서 3.95kg/일/두로 가장 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 3. 미생물제제 처리구별로 분뇨배설량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물제제 C구에서 가장 많이 배설되는 것으로 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 돈뇨의 배설량도 미생물제제 C구에서 2.23kg/일/두에서 높았다(p<0.05). 4. 돈분뇨의 수분 함량은 및 비료성분인 T-N, $P_{2}O_{5}$, $K_{2}O$ 성분도 처리 간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 5. 돈분뇨의 평균 BOD 농도는 돈분의 경우 미생물제제 B, C제제 급여구가 유의적으로 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 그리고 돈뇨의 BOD의 경우에는 대조구에서 $8,657.5mg/{\ell}$로 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 6. COD 농도는 대조구에서 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05). 돈뇨의 경우에는 미생물제제 A급여구에서 평균 $9,545mg/{\ell}$로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 7. SS 농도는 미생물제제 B급여구에서 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 돈분뇨중의 T-N 농도는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 그리고 T-P 농도의 경우에는 미생물제제 C급여구에서 유의적인 차이가 나는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해보면 비육돈에 미생물제제 혼합급여시 사료섭취량과 음수량을 증가시키는데 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었으나, 비료성분 배설량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 조사되었으나, BOD 등 오염물질농도의 경우에는 미생물제제 A급여구에서 가장 낮게 조사되어 비육돈사료에 미생물제제 급여시 오염물질 저감효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. Study for the effect of three different microbial feed additives(henceforth MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C) on feed coversion rate, and physical and chemical characteristics of swine finisher was conducted. MA-B had higher number of Lactobacillus spp. and yeast, compared to any other. The amylase activity of MA-B was also higher than any other. The daily feed intake rates of pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B and MA-C were 3.15, 3.14, 3.31 and 3.42 kg, respectively. MA-C had the highest weight gain. However, there was no significant difference between treatments. The weights of feces daily excreted by pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C were 2.14, 2.02, 2.18, and 2.23 kg/day, respectively. The volume of urine daily excreted by pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C were 3.14, 3.26, 3.27, and $3.41\;{\ell}/day$, respectively. Water content, T-N, $P_{2}O_{5}$, and $K_{2}O$ in swine manure were not significantly different between treatments. The BOD were between 42,576 and $67,450\;mg/{\ell}$ for feces and were between 5,882.5 and $8,657.5\;mg/{\ell}$ for urine, respectively. The SS were between 138,000 and $180,000\;mg/{\ell}$ for feces and were between 875.0 and $1450.0mg/{\ell}$ for urine, respectively.

육성돈에 미생물제제 급여시 분뇨 특성에 미치는 효과 연구

곽정훈,최동윤,박치호,김재환,정광화,양창범,유용희,라창식,Kwag, J.H.,Choi, D.Y.,Park, Ch.H.,Kim, J.H.,Jeong, K.H.,Yang, Ch.B.,Yoo, Y.H.,La, C.S. 한국축산환경학회 2007 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.13 No.1

본 시험은 육성돈 사료에 미생물제제를 사료에 미생물제제 A 및 B 0.1 미생물제제 C를 0.2% 혼합 급여할 경우 사료섭취량 및 돈분의 오염물질 배설농도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 4처리$\times$반복당 5두로서 총 20두를 공시하여 실시하였는데 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육성비육돈의 일일 평균사료섭취량은 대조구 2.06kg/일.두였고 미생물 A, B, C 구는 각각 2.13kg/일.두, 2.17, 2.34로 미생물제제 C구에서 일일 사료섭취량이 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05), 2. 일일평균 음수량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물 C구에서 2.89kg/일/두로 가장 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 3. 미생물제제 처리구별로 분뇨 배설량은 사료섭취량이 높았던 미생물제제 C 구에서 가장 많이 배설되는 것으로 조사되었으며 (0<0.05), 돈뇨의 배설량도 미생물제제 C구에서 2.31kg/일/두에서 높았다(p<0.05). 4. 육성돈의 성장단계별 돈분뇨의 수분 함량은 및 비료성분인 T-N, $P_2O_5,\;K_2O$ 성분도 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 5. 육성돈 분뇨의 평균 BOD 농도는 돈분의 경우 미생물제제 A, B제제 급여구가 유의적으로 높게 조사되었다(p<0.05). 그리고 돈뇨의 BOD의 경우에도 미생물제제 A급 여구에서 $6,537mg/\ell$로 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 6. COD의 경우에도 미생물 C급여구에서 가장 높게 조사되었으며(p<0.05). 돈뇨의 경우에는 미생물제제 A급여구에서 평균 $8,566mg\ell$로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 7. SS 농도는 대조구에서 가장 높게 조사 되었으며(p<0.05), 그 다음이 미생물 B> 미생물 C> 대조구 순으로 조사되었다. 8. 돈분뇨중의 T-N 농도는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 9. 돈분중의 T-P 농도는 미생물제제 처리 구간별로 미생물제제 A, C 급여구에서 유의적인 차이가 나는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해보면 육성돈에 미생물제제 혼합급여는 사료섭취량을 증가시키는데 효과가 있으나 비료성분 배설량에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 조사되었으며, 오염물질 배설량의 경우에는 사료섭취량이 높은 미생물제제 C 급여구에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. The effects of microbial feedstuff additives on feed conversion rate and physical and chemical characteristics of excreta in growing pigs were investigated. Three different products (A, B and C) were compared. Microbial population tests showed B contained higher numbers of total bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts. The amylase activity of B was also higher than that of A and C. The daily feed intake rates fer control, A, B and C were 2.06, 2.13, 2.17 and 2.34 kg, respectively. Pigs feed product C had the highest liveweight gain(2.89 kg). However, the results of feed conversion rate were not significantly different between treatments. Amount of faces excreted for control, A, B and C was 1.18, 1,19, 1.23 and 1.32 kg, respectively. Urine volume for control, A, B, and C was 1.91, 1.80, 2.19 and 2.31 kg respectively. Moisture content, T-N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in pig manure were not significantly different between treatments. The range of BOD values was 63,453 to $73,758mg/\ell$ for faeces, and 5,678 to $7,428mg/\ell$, for urine. SS values of solid and liquid excreta ranged from 142,200 to 176,000 and from 710 to $1,025mg/\ell$, respectively.

Development of additive [¹¹C]CO₂ target system in the KOTRON-13 cyclotron and its application for [¹¹C]radiopharmaceutical production

Moon, B.S.,Lee, H.J.,Lee, W.K.,Hur, M.G.,Yang, S.D.,Lee, B.C.,Kim, S.E. North-Holland Physics Pub 2015 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.356 No.-

The KOTRON-13 cyclotron, which was developed in South Korea for the production of medical radioisotopes, has the structural limitation of only one beam-output port, restricting the production of the carbon-11 isotope. In the present study, we investigate the design of a switchable target system and develop an effective carbon-11 target in the KOTRON-13 cyclotron, for combination with the fluorine-18 target. The target system was designed by introducing a sliding-type element between the fluorine-18 and carbon-11 targets, a tailor-made C-11 target and its cooling system. For the efficient production of [<SUP>11</SUP>C]CO<SUB>2</SUB>, the desirable target shape and internal volume were determined by a Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulation program, and the target grid was modified to resist the cavity pressure during beam irradiation. We evaluated the [<SUP>11</SUP>C]CO<SUB>2</SUB> production while varying the material and thickness of the target foil, oxygen content of the nitrogen gas, and target loading pressure. Using sliding-type equipment including an additional gate valve and a high vacuum in a beam line, the bi-directional conversion between the fluorine-18 and carbon-11 targets was efficient regarding the accurate beam irradiation on both targets. The optimal [<SUP>11</SUP>C]CO<SUB>2</SUB> production for 30min irradiation at 60μA (86.6+/-1.7GBq in the target at EOB) was observed at a thickness of 19μm with HAVAR® material as a target foil and a target loading pressure of 24bar with nitrogen plus 300ppb of oxygen gas. Additionally, the coolant cavity system in the target grid and target chamber is useful to remove the heat transferred to the target body by the internal convection of water and thereby ensure the stability of the [<SUP>11</SUP>C]CO<SUB>2</SUB> production under a high beam current. In the application of C-11 labeled radiopharmaceuticals such as [<SUP>11</SUP>C]PIB, [<SUP>11</SUP>C]DASB, [<SUP>11</SUP>C]PBR28, [<SUP>11</SUP>C]Methionine and [<SUP>11</SUP>C]Clozapine, the radiochemical yields were shown to be 25-38% (decay corrected) with over 166GBq/μmol of specific activity. Consequently, the additive carbon-11 target system was successfully developed in only one output port of the KOTRON-13 cyclotron and exhibited the stable production of C-11 labeled radiopharmaceuticals.

Gut commensal Bacteroides acidifaciens prevents obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in mice

Yang, J-Y,Lee, Y-S,Kim, Y,Lee, S-H,Ryu, S,Fukuda, S,Hase, K,Yang, C-S,Lim, H S,Kim, M-S,Kim, H-M,Ahn, S-H,Kwon, B-E,Ko, H-J,Kweon, M-N Society for Mucosal Immunology 2017 Mucosal immunology Vol.10 No.1

<P>In humans, the composition of gut commensal bacteria is closely correlated with obesity. The bacteria modulate metabolites and influence host immunity. In this study, we attempted to determine whether there is a direct correlation between specific commensal bacteria and host metabolism. As mice aged, we found significantly reduced body weight and fat mass in Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice when compared with Atg7(f/f) mice. When mice shared commensal bacteria by cohousing or feces transfer experiments, body weight and fat mass were similar in both mouse groups. By pyrosequencing analysis, Bacteroides acidifaciens (BA) was significantly increased in feces of Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice compared with those of control Atg7(f/f) mice. Wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice fed with BA were significantly more likely to gain less weight and fat mass than mice fed with PBS. Of note, the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) was consistently increased in the adipose tissues of Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice, B6 mice transferred with fecal microbiota of Atg7(Delta CD11c) mice, and BA-fed B6 mice. Furthermore, B6 mice fed with BA showed elevated insulin levels in serum, accompanied by increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase-4. These finding suggest that BA may have potential for treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.</P>

哺乳動物 卵胞卵의 琉璃化凍結後 FDA-test에 의한 生存性 判定

康珉秀,張德支,梁柄哲,金重桂,高敬來,高赫辰 제주대학교 방사능이용연구소 1995 연구보고 Vol.9 No.-

本 實驗은 琉璃化凍結 融解된 포유동물 卵胞卵의 生存性을 FDA-test에 의한 판정을 규명하기 위하여 실행되었으며 Oocytes는 卵丘細胞의 부착 상태에 따라 3 group 분류하였다. A oocyte는 卵丘細胞가 밀착되어 부착된 것(tight oocytes)이며 B oocyte는 卵丘細胞가 部分的으로 부착된 것(partial oocytes) 그리고 C oocyte는 卵丘細胞가 빈약하게 부착된 것(poor oocytes)이다. 琉璃化 凍結液은 1992년 金 등에 의한 연구에서 개발된 것으로서 glycerol 20 %, ethylene glycol, 10%, Ficoll 30% 와 sucrose 10% 로 구성되어 있다. Oocyte(7-10)는 10분의 평형시간을 경과한 후 0.25 ㎖ straw에 넣어 상온에서 직접 액체질소 container(-196℃)에 침지시켜 동결을 완료시켰다. 凍結融解한 A 그룹 난자의 FDA-score는 rat(4.2)에서 rabbit(3.9), cow(3.8), mouse(3.4)와 porcine(2.4)보다 높았지만 cumulus cell의 경우는 rabbit(4.7)에서 rat(4.1), cow(2.9), porcine(2.6)과 mouse(1.4)보다 높았다. 凍結融解한 B 그룹 난자들의 FDA-score는 각각 3.1(cow), 2.9(rabbit), 2.9(mouse), 2.6(rat) 그리고 2.5(porcine)이였다. 하지만 cumulus cell의 경우는 rabbit(3.7)에서 porcine(2.6), rat(2.3), cow(1.7) and mouse(0.3)보다 높았다. 凍結融解한 C 그룹 난자의 FDA-score는 mouse(4.1)에서 cow(2.9), rabbit(2.6), rat(1.3)과 porcine(1.1)에서 보다 높았다. 以上의 結果에서 mouse를 제외하고 일반적으로 난포난의 琉璃化 凍結融解 후 group A의 난자가 group B와 C에서 난자보다 生存率이 높았으며 FDA-test를 하였을 때 oocytes는 물론 cumulus cell에서도 발광을 나타내어 卵丘細胞의 생존판정여부를 확인할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다. This experiment was carried out to study the determination of survival of vitrified and thawed mammal follicular oocytes by FDA-test. Oocytes were divided into 3 groups according to attachment of cumulus cell. Group A oocytes were tightly surrounded by cumulus cell, group B oocytes were partially surrounded by cumulus cell, and group C oocytes were poorly surrounded by cumulus cell. Vitrification solution developed by our previous study (Kim et al, 1992) which consisted of permeable agent (20% glycerol + 10 % ethylene glycol) and nonpermeable agent (30 % Ficoll + 10 % sucrose). Oocytes (7-10) loaded into 0.25 ㎖ straw after 10 min equilibration were plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196℃) directly. The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group A oocytes was higher in rat (4.2) than in rabbit (3.9), cow(3.8), mouse (3.4) and porcine(2.4), however that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (4.7) than in rat (4.1), cow(2.9), porcine(2.6) and mouse (1.4). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group B oocytes were 3.1(cow), 2.9 (rabbit), 2.9 (mouse), 2.6 (rat) and 2.5(porcine), respectively. However that of cumulus cell was higher in rabbit (3.7) than in porcine(2.6), rat(2.3), cow(1.7) and mouse(0.3). The FDA-score of vitrified and thawed group C oocytes was higher in mouse (4.1) than in cow(2.9), rabbit(2.6), rat(1.3) and porcine(1.1). As shown in the above results, The survival rates of oocytes were higher in group A than in group B and C except in mouse and cow. These results suggest that the survival of cumulus cell as well as follicular oocytes can be reliably judged by their fluorescence with FDA-test.

육성비육돈에 대한 사료첨가제 첨가 급여시험 - 생균제의 첨가가 육성비육돈의 성장과 육질에 미치는 영향 -

양승주,현재석,양창범,고석민,최홍훈 ( S . J . Yang,J . S . Hyon,C . B . Yang,S . M . Ko,H . H . Choi ) 한국축산학회 1998 한국축산학회지 Vol.40 No.1

This research was conducted to investigate the effects on the growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass characteristics of the growing-finishing pigs with 4 kinds of feed additives wmposed of probiotics which were used in the swine farm of ChejuDo area. Two experiments were conducted in the W-farm (high energy and protein, Spring) and B-farm(low energy and protein, Summer). The experiment was designed with 5 treatments according to the kinds of additives used(T; control, A; Biopro, B; Ataphon-o, C; YC-2000, D; Photo-plus). In the W-farm experiment, 75 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 38㎏ were randomized with 3 replications for 102 days. In the B-farm experiment, 105 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 33㎏ were randomized with 3 replications for 103 days. Daily weight gains were increased a little by supplementing the probiotics in comparison with control(T). But there were not significant differences among the treated goups. There were no differences in feed intake among treatments in the W-farm. But in the B-farm a little inaease in feed intake was observed in the probiotics group. However, feed conversion rates were somewhat improved by the probiotics compared to control(T) in the W-farm, but they were not significantly different. Carcass weight and percentage were increased a little in the pigs fed the probiotics compared to the control (T). The pigs fed probiotics A and B showed apparently higher carcass weights and rates without statistical differences compared to the others. In the W-farm the symptom of overfattening was observed in the control(T) and the treatment C. However, the backfat thicknesses of the treatment A, B and D were suitable. In the B-farm the backfat thicknesses of the control(T) and the treatment C were poor and scanty, but those of the treatment A, B and D resulted in suitable thickness. According to the carcass Bade analysis, the carcass grades of the experimental pigs showed the following order; A $gt; B $gt; D $gt; C $gt; Control(T). The improvement of carcass grade was made by the dietary probiotics. According to the result of the taste panel evaluation, the dietary probiotics made a good effect on the meat colour and marbling, tenderness, meat flavour and meat juiciness of the pork.

하지마비 환자에서의 섬유소 용해능의 변화

양수현,양영표,이근,박봉철,채동호,이홍복,변종훈,계경채,박선양 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

혈전증과 색전증의 발생빈도는 하지마비 환자에서 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이런 환자들에서 혈전 발생에 섬유소 용해계의 변화가 어떤 작용을 하는가를 밝히기 위해 저자들은 1년에서 21년 동안 하지마비 상태에 있는 환자 11명의 혈중 섬유소 용해계 변화를 조사하였다. 환자군과 정상대조군 16명의 상지와 하지로부터 정맥혈을 채혈했다. PA 활성도는 ^(125)I-fibrin plate 방법으로 PAI 활성도는 Z-Lys-S-B키 assay로 각각 측정하였다. tPA와 PAI-1 항원은 ELISA법으로 측정했다. 환자군에서 상지와 하지 PA 활성도는 정상대조군에 비해 의미있게 감소했다. (상지 ; 0.13±0.09AU/㎖ vs 0.45±0.25AU/㎖, P=0.0001 : 하지 ; 0.18±0.18AU/㎖ vs 0.31±0.24AU/㎖, P=0.025). 환자군의 PAI-1 농도는 정상대조군에 비해 상지에서만 증가하는 경향을 보였다(23.46±10.39AU/㎖ vs 16.67±8.70AU/㎖, P=0.061). 환자군의 tPA 농도와 PAI 활성도는 정상대조군에 비해 의미있는 차이는 없었다. SDS-PAGE와 섬유소 Auto-graphy 분석에서 환자군에서 섬유소 용해대의 감소를 보였으나 분포형태는 본질적으로 정상대조군과 같았다. 하지마비 환자의 PA 활성도는 감소되고 PAI-1 농도는 증가하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타나서 하지마비 환자에서 심부정맥 혈전증 발생과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각하였다. The incidence of thromboembolic complication has been shown high in paraplegic patients. To elucidate the possible role of changes in the fibrinolytic system in these patients to the development of thrombotic disorders, we evaluated the parameters of the blood fibrinolytic system in 11 patients who had been suffering from paraplegic limbs for one to 21 years. Venous blood samples were obtained from the upper and lower extremities of the patients and 16 normal volunteers as a control. Plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activities were measured by the ^(125)I-fibrin plate method and Z-Lys-SBzl assay, respectively. Plasma concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined by ELISA methods. PA activities in both upper and lower extremities of the paraplegic patients were significantly decreased compared to those in normal controls (upper extremities; 0.13±0.09AU/㎖ vs 0.45±0.25AU/㎖, P=0.0001: lower extremities; 0.18±0.18AU/㎖ vs 0.31±0.24AU/ ㎖, P=0.025). Plasma PAI-1 concentrations of the paraplgic patients showed increasing tendency only in the upper extrmities compared to those in normal subjects (23.46±10.39AU/㎖ vs 16.67±8.70AU/㎖, P=0.061). Plasma tPA concentrations and PAI activities in paraplegic patients were not significantly different from those in normal controls. SDS-PAGE and fibrin autographic analysis of the euglobulin fractions demonstrated decreased fibrinolytic bands in paraplegic patients. However, the patterns of distribution for the fibrinolytic bands were essentially the same as those in normal subjects. In conclusion, plasma PA activities from the paraplegic patients were demonstrated to be decreased with the increasing tendency in PAI-1 concentrations. We suggest that decreased fibrinolytic activity possibly resulting from an increase in PAI-1 concentrations might be a predisposing factor to deep vein thrombosis frequently associated in paraplegic patients.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of 2-(2-bromovinyl)benzimidazoles leading to pyrrolone-fused benzimidazoles

Yang, B.W.,Ho, S.L.,Lim, H.J.,Cho, C.S. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.806 No.-

<P>2-(2-Bromovinyl)benzimidazoles are carbonylatively cyclized under carbon monoxide pressure in toluene in the presence of a catalytic amount of PdCl2 and PPh3 along with a base to give 1H-benzo[d] pyrrolo[1,2-a] imidazolones in good yields. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Forebrain-specific ablation of phospholipase Cγ1 causes manic-like behavior

Yang, Y R,Jung, J H,Kim, S-J,Hamada, K,Suzuki, A,Kim, H J,Lee, J H,Kwon, O-B,Lee, Y K,Kim, J,Kim, E-K,Jang, H-J,Kang, D-S,Choi, J-S,Lee, C J,Marshall, J,Koh, H-Y,Kim, C-J,Seok, H,Kim, S H,Choi, J H,Ch Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2017 Molecular psychiatry Vol.22 No.10

<P>Manic episodes are one of the major diagnostic symptoms in a spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders that include schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder (BD). Despite a possible association between BD and the gene encoding phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1), its etiological basis remains unclear. Here, we report that mice lacking phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) in the forebrain (Plcg1(f/f); CaMKII) exhibit hyperactivity, decreased anxiety-like behavior, reduced depressive-related behavior, hyperhedonia, hyperphagia, impaired learning and memory and exaggerated startle responses. Inhibitory transmission in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and striatal dopamine receptor D1-expressing neurons of Plcg1-deficient mice was significantly reduced. The decrease in inhibitory transmission is likely due to a reduced number of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic boutons, which may result from impaired localization and/or stabilization of postsynaptic CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) at inhibitory synapses. Moreover, mutant mice display impaired brain-derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase B-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, which could account for deficits of spatial memory. Lithium and valproate, the drugs presently used to treat mania associated with BD, rescued the hyperactive phenotypes of Plcg1(f/f); CaMKII mice. These findings provide evidence that PLC gamma 1 is critical for synaptic function and plasticity and that the loss of PLC gamma 1 from the forebrain results in manic-like behavior.</P>

C?H bond arylation of anilides inside copper-exchanged zeolites

Mathew, B.P.,Yang, H.J.,Jeon, H.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, J.C.,Shin, T.J.,Myung, K.,Kwak, S.K.,Kwak, J.H.,Hong, S.Y. Elsevier 2016 Journal of molecular catalysis Chemical Vol.417 No.-

<P>Syntheses of fine-chemicals using heterogeneous catalysts have tremendous industrial potentials, yet C-H functionalization studies have been largely focused on homogeneous catalysis. We report here the first meta-selective C-H bond arylation of anilides inside copper-exchanged zeolites. Mid- or large-pore zeolite frameworks are selected as supports to access large organic molecules, and atomically distributed copper catalysts exhibit high activities (84-90% conversions) toward direct arylation of anilides with diphenyliodonium salt on 0.5 mol% copper concentration. Computational studies indicate the well fitted copper-aryl complexes inside zeolite frameworks. Electron micrographs, elemental analyses, and reusability study show no observable leaching of catalytically active copper species during the reactions tested. These results demonstrate the practical synthetic potential of copper-exchanged zeolites as promising supported molecular catalysts to afford biaryl motifs-containing compounds with high catalytic activity, chemical stability, and recyclability. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>