Mechanical response of common millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i>) seeds under quasi-static compression: Experiments and modeling

Hasseldine, Benjamin P.J.,Gao, Chao,Collins, Joseph M.,Jung, Hyun-Do,Jang, Tae-Sik,Song, Juha,Li, Yaning Elsevier 2017 Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical m Vol.73 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The common millet (<I>Panicum miliaceum</I>) seedcoat has a fascinating complex microstructure, with jigsaw puzzle-like epidermis cells articulated via wavy intercellular sutures to form a compact layer to protect the kernel inside. However, little research has been conducted on linking the microstructure details with the overall mechanical response of this interesting biological composite. To this end, an integrated experimental-numerical-analytical investigation was conducted to both characterize the microstructure and ascertain the microscale mechanical properties and to test the overall response of kernels and full seeds under macroscale quasi-static compression. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine the microstructure of the outer seedcoat and nanoindentation was performed to obtain the material properties of the seedcoat hard phase material. A multiscale computational strategy was applied to link the microstructure to the macroscale response of the seed. First, the effective anisotropic mechanical properties of the seedcoat were obtained from finite element (FE) simulations of a microscale representative volume element (RVE), which were further verified from sophisticated analytical models. Then, macroscale FE models of the individual kernel and full seed were developed. Good agreement between the compression experiments and FE simulations were obtained for both the kernel and the full seed. The results revealed the anisotropic property and the protective function of the seedcoat, and showed that the sutures of the seedcoat play an important role in transmitting and distributing loads in responding to external compression.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The seedcoat of <I>Panicum miliaceum</I> shows remarkable micro-scale suture networks. </LI> <LI> Sophisticated composite plate model was first developed for the seedcoat. </LI> <LI> First experimental-numerical study on a single <I>Panicum miliaceum</I> seed and kernel. </LI> </UL> </P>

清代禁止強迫寡婦再嫁法律制度研究

LI Yaning(李亞凝) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2013 아시아연구 Vol.- No.17

淸代寡婦(喪夫女子)의 改嫁문제에 대한 기존의 연구는 혼인의 자유라는 테두리의 제한을 받았을 뿐만 아니라 과부가 개가를 원하였지만 이를 저지당하는 문제에만 관심을 가졌다. 따라서 다음의 두 가지 문제를 소홀히 하였다. 하나는 과부가 再嫁를 원치 않았지만 핍박에 의해 재가하는 현상, 다른 하나는 反逼嫁制度가 사회 협력에 주는 영향과 관련된 연구가 진행되지 않았다는 점이다. 淸代의 反逼嫁制度는 형식적으로 女子의 "주체성"을 보장해 주는 구조로서, 그 목적은 기본 조직으로서의 家庭의 안정성을 보장하고 전반적으로 사회의 협력을 추진하는 동시에 家族訴求가 사회 질서를 파괴하는 것을 막고자 하는 역할을 가지고 있었다. 淸代사회가 여성에게 "주체성"을 부여하는 목적은 여성으로서의 "客體"를 부각시키려는 것이었다. 이를 통하여 중요한 지위에 있는 남자들이 온당한 혼인 관계를 갖고 있음으로서 형성된 협력 추세를 보장하기 위한 것이었다. 그러나 남자의 사망으로 인하여 가정은 단순한 소비 단위가 되었고, 强勢的인 가족들은 자신의 생존을 위하여 逼嫁로서 상기 목적을 侵犯할 수 있었기 때문이었다. 淸代에 反逼嫁制度가 존재할 수 있었던 것은 여성의 "주체성"을 긍정하는 것을 통하여 이런 "객체"가 남자의 "재산"으로서의 안정성을 강화하기 위함이었다. 이 과정에서 淸代의 反逼嫁制度의 중요한 목적은 사회 전반의 구조적 협력을 중요시하는 것이었다. 儒家의 "仁", "義", "禮" 등 세 개 층으로 구성된 理想사회의 모델을 창조하여 "義絕"을 量刑하는 표준으로 삼았다. 이는 초급 조직을 보호할 수 있는 동시에 사회 전반적인 질서의 파괴를 피할 수 있다. 게다가 "仁", "義", "禮"에 대한 單層次의 通上達下의 구조를 통하여 각종 이익 사이의 합리적인 관계를 조화시키고 더 나아가 사회 협력을 추진할 수 있었다. Limited existing research in the framework of the freedom of marriage for the Qing Dynasty widowed woman's marriage problems, and focus only on the widowed woman remarried and obstruction. Therefore, neglect of two aspects: on the one hand be ignored widowed woman do not want to remarry and forced to marry; on the other hand has not been a study for the anti-forced to marry a system of social cooperation. Qing Dynasty anti forced to marry a regime for the protection of the woman "subjectivity" as a formal structure, its purpose is to enhance the stability as the primary group of family, as well as to promote the cooperation of the community as a whole, circulation and at the same time have to avoid as family demands undermine the role of the social order. Qing society given the woman "subjectivity" is to strengthen as the nature of the object, in order to ensure the cooperation of the important position as a man because a solid marriage trends. However, due to the man's death, the family to become a pure consumption units, the strength of the family from their own survival considerations may force married to for this purpose violated the Qing Dynasty anti forced to marry system exists through the affirmation of women's "subjectivity", to reinforce this "object" as a man "property" stability. In this process, the Qing Dynasty anti-forced to marry the most important purpose is to focus on the cooperation of the entire social structure, for the protection of social cooperation, which comes mainly from a different place Yamen Gyobu uphold strictly follow the law cases the text 'statutes value', starting from the collective interests of the Confucian "benevolence" and "righteousness" and "ritual" three-tier architecture ideal social model as a reference standard, as "justice must sentencing to avoid the protection of the primary groups, secondary groups, and the whole social order too damage, circulation for "benevolence" and "righteousness" and "ritual" single-level pass up the structure to reconcile reasonable relationship between the interests, thus contributing to the realization of social cooperation.

Prediction of Shear-induced Crack Initiation in AHSS Deep Drawing Operation with a Phenomenological Fracture Model

Meng Luo,Yaning Li,Joerg Gerlach,Tomasz Wierzbicki 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6

Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) draws enormous attentions in automotive industry because it has great potential in reducing weight and improving fuel efficiency. Nonetheless, their relatively low formability also causes many problems in manufacturing processes, such as shear-induced fracture during deep drawing or stamping. This type of fracture could not be predicted using traditional necking-based Forming Limit Diagram (FLD), which is commonly used by the forming community. In the present paper, a recently developed Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC)[1] ductile fracture model is employed to make up the deficiency of FLD. In the limiting case of plane stress, the MMC fracture locus consists of four branches when represented on the plane of the equivalent strain to fracture and the stress triaxiality. A transformation of above 2D fracture locus to the space of principal strains was performed which revealed the existence of two new branches not known before. The existence of those branches explains the formation of shear-induced fracture. As an illustration of this new approach, initiation and propagation of cracks in a series of deep drawing tests is predicted and compared with the experimental observations. It was shown that the location of fracture as well as the magnitude of punch travel corresponding to first fracture was correctly predicted by MMC fracture model for both square and circular punch cases.

Expressing a Modified Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor Gene to Increase Insect Tolerance Against Pieris rapae in Chinese Cabbage

Xiaoli Ma,Zhen Zhu,Yane Li,Guangdong Yang,Yanxi Pei 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.2

To increase the tolerance of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) to Pieris rapae, weintroduced a modified cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) gene, SCK, into various cultivars. SCK was derived fromCpTI, an insect-resistance gene. The protein accumulating capacity of CpTI can be improved by adding a signalpeptide sequence at the 5' end and an endoplasmic reticulum-detained signal sequence at the 3' end. Using an optimizedAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system in Chinese cabbage, we obtained a maximum transformationefficiency of ~6.83%. Insect resistance tests and CpTI enzymatic assays showed that most of the transgenic plantshad significant resistance to cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) larvae and that the plants with the highest levels of insectresistance had the greatest CpTI-related capacity, indicating a high correlation between SCK expression and insectresistance. An evaluation of segregation patterns in the independent transgenic line with the highest insect resistance,‘ZB-08-04’, showed that kanamycin resistant versus sensitive plants segregated in a 3:1 Mendelian fashion. This studyprovides a potential germplasm resource for Chinese cabbage breeding in the future.

Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate from Sea Cucumber Inhibited Islets of Langerhans Apoptosis via Inactivation of the Mitochondrial Pathway in Insulin Resistant Mice

Wei Jiang,Shijie Li,Shiwei Hu,Jignfeng Wang,Wendong Song,Lili Ji,Yaning Wang 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.3

The effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulphate from sea cucumber (CHS) on inhibition of pancreatic islet apoptosis in high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFSD)-induced insulin resistant mice were studied for 19 weeks. CHS treatment significantly (p<0.05) decreased fasting blood glucose, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, and increased the serum adiponectin level, improved insulin resistance, and repaired HFSD-injured islets of langerhans, compared with controls. CHS supplementation significantly (p<0.05) inhibited pancreas cell apoptosis via reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 9, and caspase 3 mRNA expressions, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and caspase 9 and cleaved-caspase 3 protein expressions, compared with controls. These effects were associated with upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNA and protein expressions, and downregulation of Bax and t-Bid mRNA and protein expressions. Combination treatments with CHS and rosiglitazone synergistically protected pancreatic islets. CHS improves insulin resistance and protects islets of langerhans from apoptosis via inactivation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.

Plant seed-inspired cell protection, dormancy, and growth for large-scale biofabrication

Pan, Houwen Matthew,Chen, Shengyang,Jang, Tae-Sik,Han, Win Tun,Jung, Hyun-do,Li, Yaning,Song, Juha IOP Publishing 2019 Biofabrication Vol.11 No.2