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MIPEX and Japan: Findings and Reflections
Kondo Atsushi,Yamawaki Keizo 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2014 OMNES: The Journal of Multicultural Society Vol.4 No.2
This paper discusses major findings of MIPEX for Japan. The authors were two of the three reviewers when MIPEX was applied to Japanese migrant integration policy in 2010. In terms of the overall scores, Japan ranks as one of the lowest, that is, the 32th out of 37 countries. Among the seven policy areas, particularly low were anti-discrimination and education, followed by political participation and citizenship. The major weakness in anti-discrimination policy lies in the lack of an anti-discrimination law while that of education policy originates in several factors, including insufficient consideration of special needs of foreign children and the lack of intercultural education for all children. In the concluding section, this paper summarizes the major findings and policy implications for Japan as well as raising some issues concerning limitations of MIPEX.
Toyoshima, Morio,Takahashi, Nobuhiro,Jono, Takashi,Yamawaki, Toshihiko,Nakagawa, Keizo,Arai, Katsuyoshi 통신위성우주산업연구회 2002 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2002 No.-
Optical communications in the presence of atmospheric turbulence are affected by the tubulence-induced optical scintillation. The optical scintillation makes the communication quality, i.e. bit error rate (BER), degrade. Because of the intrinsically narrow optical beam, the random pointing-jitter also generates additional signal fading on the communication signal. A broader optical beam could mitigate the signal fading, but would require greater transmitted power than that for the original beam to achieve the same required BER. In this paper, the average BER is derived from the probability density function (PDF) of the optical signal in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and random pointing-jitter. The joint PDF, of the lognormal PDF caused by atmospheric turbulence and the beta PDF of the random pointing-jitter, is derived by using the characteristic function of each PDF. It is shown that an optimum beam divergence of the transmitting laser beam exists, and the optimum value changes slightly with the atmospheric conditions. The beam divergence angle should be about 7 times larger than the random pointing-jitter of the optical tracking system. An example of the optimum link estimates for the tracking and communication channels are shown for a ground-to-satellite optical communication link.