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윤승락 ( Seung Lak Yoon),小島 康夫 (Yasuo Kojima ) 한국목재공학회 1997 목재공학 Vol.25 No.2
This research has been examined to measure the degree of the fiber damage of ozonenation high yield pulp in the beating process. Ozone treated the TMP(Thermomechanical Pulp) acid CTMP(Chemithermomechanical Pulp) of spruce and the CTMP of birch has been beaten to be reached 200㎖(freeness) of its content. It had been studied the forming of fiber distribution by treatment for long fiber, short fiber. fine with the above method. As ozone treatment time gets longer, the pulp has showed the tendency of increasing the fiber content of 28, 48mesh. Ozone treated fiber has been increased long fiber content by being added softness. By given longer ozone treatment time, the TMP and CTMP of spruce has showed the decreasing of fiber content. On the contrary. CTMP of birch has showed the increasing its fiber content. It had proved that the results of difference are rather closer to the species of tree than closer to the kinds of pulp. The fiber content of over 200mesh which has created in beating process demonstrates the decreasing of its fiber content by getting longer ozone treatment time. The softness of fiber can be extracted by the lignin of fiber surface that had been formed by ozone treatment. Thus we assume that the fiber in the process of beating obtains less physical damage.
Nishikori, Yasuo,Kojima, Soji,Kouno, Teruya The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2004 KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics Vol.4C No.2
The field utilization factor (equation omitted) (the mean electric field / the maximum electric field) of standard sphere gaps was calculated by the charge simulation method, taking into account the ground plane and shanks. n changes mainly with g/r and slightly with 1$_1$, 1$_2$ and 1, where D=2r is the sphere diameter, g is the gap length, 1$_1$ and 1$_2$, respectively, are the lengths of the upper and lower shank, and t is the shank diameter. Generally, (equation omitted) increases as 1$_1$,1$_2$ and t each becomes larger. IEC standard 60052(2002) limits t$\leq$0.2D 1$_1$$\geq$1D and prescribes A=1$_2$+D+g where A is the height of the spark point on the upper sphere. Therefore, (equation omitted) is the largest when A=9D and the smallest when A=3D. The simple equation of a straight line, (equation omitted)=1- (g/3r), can generally be used as a representative value of (equation omitted) for a wide variety of sphere diameters that are permitted by the IEC standard. The maximum electric field E$_{m}$ at sparkover of standard air gaps has also been calculated by the relation E$_{m}$=V/(equation omitted)g). E$_{m}$ describes a U-curve for g/r, up to the sphere diameter of 1 m. Moreover, for 1.5-m and 2-m diameters and especially .for negative polarity, sparkover voltages have been calculated by integration of the ionization index.index.
원종명,윤승락,Yasuo Kojima 한국펄프종이공학회 2000 펄프.종이기술 Vol.32 No.2
A microscopic study was carried out to get the fundamental informations for the ozone deinking technology. The differential interference microscopic observation showed that ozone treatment was helpful to detach the toner ink from the surface of pulp fiber. The modifications of fiber surfaces by ozone treatment were observed with scanning electron microscope. Modification of fiber surfaces was not severe at the early stage of ozone treatment, but it increased with ozone treatment time and pulp consistency, Therefore, it would be possible to improve the properties of deinked pulp by controlling the condtion of ozone treatment.
Seung-Lak YOON,Yasuo KOJIMA,Seon-Ho Lee 한국펄프·종이공학회 1999 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
In order to improve the optical properties of high yield pulp, bleached chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp (BCTMP) was produced from CTMP of Betula maximowicziana Regel by two staged ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching. This pulp was used for the evaluation of the improvement of optical properties, chemical characteristics of lignin in fiber, and the relationship between lignin and optical properties in fiber cell wall.<br/> By hydrogen peroxide treatment, the brightness was improved, but the post color number (PC No.) was not. There was little improvement on optical properties by ozone treatment, but this could be solved by using two staged ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching.<br/> The hydrogen peroxide treatment die! not make any change on chemical characteristics of lignin in cell wall. but by ozone treatment. it was found that the non-aromatic conjugated structure was existed in the surface of cell wall, but this could be removed by hydrogen peroxide treatment in two staged ozone-hydrogen peroxide treatment. Therefore. the optical properties was significantly improved due to the removal of non-aromatic conjugated structure.
TOSHIHIRO ONA,AKI YOSHIOKA,YASUO KOJIMA,TERUYUKI SEINO,MIHO MIZUMOTO,HIDEO NOZAKI,YASUYUKI ISHIDA,HAJIME OHTANI 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) in the presence of organic alkali of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) was applied to characterize the polyphenol fragments with a carbonyl group causing different magnitude of photoyellowing in chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) papers. Two different origin of CTMP papers prepared from different individuals of Eucalyptus globulus trees showing high and low yellowing after photo-irradiation was compared before photo-irradiation. As a result, 7 peaks assigned to a series of phenol compounds with a carbonyl group, derived mainly from lignin, gave significant amount of phenol compounds with a carbonyl group for the paper sample of latent high yellowing, i.e., butoxy- and syringaldehyde, butoxy- and syringylacetone, butoxy-acetoguaiacone, butoxy-acetosyringone, butoxy-acetoethylsyringone, 3-methoxy-4-butoxy butyl ester, and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-butoxy butyl ester, using Py-GC/mass spectrometry (MS). The Py-GC method combined with TBAH successfully characterized polyphenol fragments with a carbonyl group causing differ high photo-yellowing in CTMP papers using a microgram order of samples.
Physcial and Fiber Properties of TMP and CTMP from Kenaf Cultivated at Reclaimed Land of Korea
SEUNG-LAK YOON,YASUO KOJIMA,DONG-HA CHO,NAM-HUM KIM,MIN-JOONG KIM,MYOUNG-KU LEE 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
Fiber characteristics and fiber distribution of thermomechanical pulp(TMP), bisulfite chemithermomechanical pulp(bisulfite CTMP), neutral sulfite chemithermomechanical pulp(neutral sulfite CTMP) from kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L., Malvaceae) cultivar Tainug-2 cultivated in the reclaimed land of Korea were examined to use effectively nonwood fibers as an alternative raw material sources for papermaking. Yields of TMP and CTMP from kenaf were lower than those of TMP from hardwoods and CTMP from softwoods and hardwoods. Bark fibers of kenaf cultivar Tainung-2 ranged 2.04 to 2.30 ㎜ long and 18.7∼19.7㎛ width. Core fibers averaged 0.63 to 0.80 ㎜ long and 29.5∼31.4㎛ wide. Coarseness of bark fiber was higher than that of core fiber, and fiber from TMP were higher than those from both bisulfite CTMP and neutral sulfite CTMP. Curl indexes of bark fibers were higher than those of core fibers. However curl indexes were not significantly affected by the pulping conditions. Short fiber distributions were higher in core fibers from TMP and CTMP and long fiber distributions were higher in bark fibers. There was no significant difference in fiber distribution of whole and core fibers obtained from TMP and CTMP. Fibers from neutral sulfite CTMP, however, exhibited a little higher long fiber distribution. Distinct difference in anatomical characteristics was found between core and bast fibers of kenaf plant. Parenchyma cell, pith parenchyma cell and vessel were observed in core fibers and bast fiber in bast sections.