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Xuan-Zhe Zhang,김점순,전정욱,김병섭,Kyoung-Yul Ryu 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.1
Changes of control efficacy of chemical to potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in potato fields from 2001 to 2004 were examined. Control efficacy of metalaxyl was suddenly decreased from 100% in 2002 to 50% in 2004 and that of dimethomorph also was similar to those of metalaxyl. However, the control efficacy of ethaboxam no great change. Both A1 and A2 mating type isolates were isolated from 2001 to 2004 in several areas in Korea. The majority of the P. infestans isolates were A1 mating type. Total 939 isolates of P.infestans obtained from several areas in Korea from 2001 to 2004 were examined for changes of sensitivity to metalaxyl. Frequencies of metalaxyl resistance isolates were gradually increased from 17% in 2001 to 84.2% in 2004, but isolation frequencies of metalaxyl sensitive and intermediate resistant isolate were decreased.Cause of decreasing control efficacy of metalaxyl was thought by increase of resistance isolates in A1 mating type population according to increasing metalaxyl use. Most isolates were grown at 0.5 µg/ml of dimethomorph and isolates grown at 1 µg/ml of dimethomorph were approximately 10.2-22.9%. However, no isolate was able to grow at 5.0 µg/ml. Based on these results,minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of dimethomorph to P. infestans were determined to be 0.5-1.0 µg/ml. Our results indicated that the reason decreasing control efficacy of dimethomorph was not caused by occurrence of resistant isolates. About 5% and 12.1% isolates among the total isolates collected in 2003 and 2004 were grown on V-8 juice rye agar containing 1.0 µg/ml ethaboxam. The 2.1 and 25.4% isolates had MICs of 0.2-0.4 µg/ml, and MIC values of 87.9% and 74.3% isolates were less than 0.2 µg/ml concentrations of ethaboxam. Therefore, resistance development by P. infestans to ethaboxam is not likely to occur in the natural condition
Physiological Races of Phytophthora infestans in Korea
Zhang, Xuan-Zhe,Kim, Byung-Sup The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.3
A total of the 261 Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from 2003 to 2005 in Korea were investigated for their physiological race composition. Among the isolates, we detected 18 physiological races and the dominant races were R0.1.3.5.6.10.11 and R0.1.3.5.6.7.10.11 with frequencies of 18.4% and 11.4%, respectively. All of the P. infestans races carried multiple virulence genes and showed virulence to the potato resistance genes R1, R3, R5, R6, R7, R10 and R11, but not to R8 and R9. Therefore, it is likely that the physiological races of P. infestans were diverse in Korea.
Zhang, Xuan-Zhe,Ryu, Kyoung-Yul,Kim, Jeom-Soon,Cheon, Jung-Uk,Kim, Byung-Sup The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.1
Changes of control efficacy of chemical to potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in potato fields from 2001 to 2004 were examined. Control efficacy of metalaxyl was suddenly decreased from 100% in 2002 to 50% in 2004 and that of dimethomorph also was similar to those of metalaxyl. However, the control efficacy of ethaboxam no great change. Both A1 and A2 mating type isolates were isolated from 2001 to 2004 in several areas in Korea. The majority of the P. infestans isolates were A1 mating type. Total 939 isolates of P. infestans obtained from several areas in Korea from 2001 to 2004 were examined for changes of sensitivity to metalaxyl. Frequencies of metalaxyl resistance isolates were gradually increased from 17% in 2001 to 84.2% in 2004, but isolation frequencies of metalaxyl sensitive and intermediate resistant isolate were decreased. Cause of decreasing control efficacy of metalaxyl was thought by increase of resistance isolates in A1 mating type population according to increasing metalaxyl use. Most isolates were grown at 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml of dimethomorph and isolates grown at 1 ${\mu}g/ml of dimethomorph were approximately 10.2-22.9%. However, no isolate was able to grow at 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml. Based on these results, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of dimethomorph to P. infestans were determined to be 0.5-1.0 ${\mu}g/ml. Our results indicated that the reason decreasing control efficacy of dimethomorph was not caused by occurrence of resistant isolates. About 5% and 12.1% isolates among the total isolates collected in 2003 and 2004 were grown on V-8 juice rye agar containing 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml ethaboxam. The 2.1 and 25.4% isolates had MICs of 0.2-0.4 ${\mu}g/ml, and MIC values of 87.9% and 74.3% isolates were less than 0.2 ${\mu}g/ml concentrations of ethaboxam. Therefore, resistance development by P. infestans to ethaboxam is not likely to occur in the natural condition.
Physiological Races of Phytophthora infestans in Korea
Xuan-Zhe Zhang,Byung-Sup Kim 한국식물병리학회 2007 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.23 No.3
A total of the 261 Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from 2003 to 2005 in Korea were investigated for their physiological race composition. Among the isolates, we detected 18 physiological races and the dominant races were R0.1.3.5.6.10.11 and R0.1.3.5.6.7. 10.11 with frequencies of 18.4% and 11.4%, respectively. All of the P. infestans races carried multiple virulence genes and showed virulence to the potato resistance genes R1, R3, R5, R6, R7, R10 and R11, but not to R8 and R9. Therefore, it is likely that the physiological races of P. infestans were diverse in Korea.
Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans Isolates to Fungicides Metalaxyl and Ethaboxam in Korea
Kim, Byung-Sup,Zhang, Xuan-Zhe,Chung, Eun-Kyoung,Kim, Dal-Soo,Chun, Sam-Jae,Park, Woo-Bong The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2003 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.19 No.3
Sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans isolates to fungicides metalaxyl and ethaboxam in Korea was examined with 260 isolates for 3 years (9 isolates in 2000,93 isolates in 2001, and 158 isolates in 2002). Both Al and A2 mating types were found from the isolates collected for 3 years. Al mating type was dominant in the population with 8 isolates (88.9%) in 2000, 84 isolates (89.4%) in 2001, and 138 isolates (87.3%) in 2002. Only some isolates from diseased tomatoes in Buyergun and diseased potatoes in Pyeongchanggun were of the A2 mating type. As for metalaxyl sensitivity, 77.0% of the isolates were moderately resistant with 8 isolates (88.9%) in 2000, 73 isolates (77.7%) in 2001, and 120 isolates (75.9%) in 2002. Meanwhile, those found resistant were 1 isolate (11.1%) in 2000, 16 isolates (17.0%) in 2001, and 33 isolates (20.9%) in 2002. Only 5 isolates (3.2%) were sensitive to metalaxyl in 2002. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity among years. As for ethaboxam, no isolate was able to grow at 5.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml, and only four isolates (1.5 %) grew at 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml with heavy retardation compared with the untreated control. Based on these 3-year results, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethaboxam to p. infestans was determined to be 0.2-1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml. Results indicate that resistance development by p. infestans to ethaboxam is not likely to occur in the natural condition. furthermore, there was no indication of cross resistance between metalaxyl and ethaboxam because all the isolates, regardless of classification for their sensitivity to metalaxyl, were not able to grow at 5.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml of ethaboxam.