Study on single-band, dual-band, and tri-band power dividers with improved performances for RF application

Liu, Fu-xing Kwangwoon University Graduate School 2020 국내박사

중국 외동 청소년의 사이버폭력에 영향을 미치는 가족?학교 관련 변인 및 온라인 활동 시간의 조절효과

LIU XING 경희대학교 대학원 2018 국내박사

본 연구는 중국 외동 청소년의 사이버폭력 경험에 영향을 미치는 가족·학교 관련 변인이 무엇인지를 살펴보고, 두 변인 간의 영향 관계에서 온라인 활동 시간의 조절효과를 탐색하였다. 이를 위하여 중국 상해시 소재 공립 중학교 3개교 및 고등학교 3개교에 재학 중인 외동 청소년을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 367부의 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 외동 청소년의 가족·학교 관련 변인, 사이버폭력 가해 및 피해 경험, 그리고 온라인 활동 시간의 전반적 경향에 대해 알아본 결과, 사이버폭력 가해 및 피해 경험 수준이 모두 대체로 낮은 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 중국 외동 청소년들이 지각한 가족 관련 변인의 전반적 경향을 구체적으로 살펴보면, 부모에서 받은 공부압력은 보통에서 다소 낮은 수준으로 나타났으며, 부모에 대한 애착은 보통 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 부모가 자녀에 대한 감독은 대체로 높은 수준으로 나타났으며, 자신의 가족에서 갈등 및 적대감은 별로 없는 것으로 나타났다. 중국 외동 청소년들이 지각한 학교 관련 변인의 전반적 경향을 구체적으로 살펴보면, 친한 친구에 대한 애착은 대체로 높은 편이고, 선생님에 대한 애착은 보통에서 다소 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 학생들이 주관적으로 생각하는 친한 친구의 수가 평균 5.39명으로 나타났으며, 학생들이 지각한 학업성적이 73.20점으로 나타났다. 중국 외동 청소년의 온라인 활동 시간의 전반적 경향을 구체적으로 살펴보면, 먼저 전체 온라인 활동 시간이 평균 186.28분이었으며, 온라인 활동 유형별로 봤을 때, SNS 사용 시간이 평균 56.98분으로 제일 긴 것으로 나타났고, 그 다음으로 온라인게임(44.13분)의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중국 외동 청소년의 가족 및 학교 관련 변인이 사이버폭력 가해 및 피해 경험에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴본 결과, 남학생이 여학생보다, 가족갈등 및 적대감 수준이 높고, 친한 친구에 대한 애착 수준이 낮을수록 사이버폭력 가해 경험 수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 남학생이 여학생보다, 가족갈등 및 적대감 수준이 높을수록 사이버폭력 피해 경험 수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중국 외동 청소년의 가족 및 학교 관련 변인이 사이버폭력 가해 및 피해 경험에 영향을 미치는 과정에서, 온라인 활동 시간의 조절효과가 있는지 살펴본 결과, 중국 외동 청소년의 가족갈등 및 적대감 수준이 높을수록, 사이버폭력 가해 경험 수준이 높아지는데, 이러한 경향은 전체 온라인 활동 시간이 길수록 현저하게 나타났다. 세부적으로는 중국 외동 청소년의 가족갈등 및 적대감 수준이 높을수록, 사이버폭력 가해 경험 수준이 높아지는데, 이러한 경향은 온라인게임 사용시간이 길수록 현저하게 나타났다. 중국 외동 청소년이 친한 친구에 대한 애착 수준이 낮을수록, 사이버폭력 가해 경험 수준이 높아지는데, 이러한 경향 역시 SNS 사용시간이 길수록 현저하게 나타났다. 한편, 중국 외동 청소년의 가족 및 학교 관련 변인이 사이버폭력 피해 경험에 영향을 미치는 과정에서, 온라인 활동 시간의 조절효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family and school characteristics on cyber violence among Chinese one-child adolescent students and the moderating effects of time spent on online activities. For this study, a survey was conducted with 367 one-child adolescent students of China in three middle-schools and three high-schools in Shanghai, China. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, the students showed both low levels of cyber offending and victimization experiences. Second, after controlling for the students' demographic characteristics, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that the students' family conflict and peer attachment significantly predicted the levels of cyber offending experiences. Family conflict was the only variable significantly predicted the levels of cyber victimization experiences. Finally, this study found significant moderation effects of the time spend on online activities(all) and online game on the relationships between family conflict and cyber offending experiences, and also found significant moderation effects of the time spend on SNS on the relationships between peer attachment and cyber offending experiences. There were no moderation effects of the time spend on online activities on the relationship between family & school characteristics and cyber victimization experiences. These results indicate the need for healthy online activities use and education and therapy programs for Chinese parents and adolescent children to prevent their cyber violence experiences.

Dine monomers ad self-healing agent for damage repair in polymer composite

Liu, Xing Kumoh National Institute of Technology 2005 국내석사

The Relative Contribution of Segment and Prosody to Foreign Accent

Liu, Xing 서울시립대학교 일반대학원 2013 국내박사

This dissertation aims to investigate the relative contribution of segments and prosody to the evaluation of foreign accent as well as comprehensibility, examining the synthesized speeches of crossing native and non-native talkers’ prosody and segments. Especially, an explanatory account of the prosodic effect is provided in an attempt to find out the specific parameters of prosody contributing to the ‘accentedness’ of second language (L2) speech. A comparative study was carried out based on three target languages. The first experiment focused on the target language of English by examining Chinese talkers’ foreign accent of English speech. The second one concerned with the target language of Chinese by detecting Korean talkers’ foreign accent of Chinese speech. The third one examined the target language of Korean by investigating Chinese talkers’ foreign accent of Korean speech. For the stimuli of the foreign accent and comprehensibility ratings, gender-matched native talkers’ prosody (pitch, duration, intensity) was transplanted onto non-native talkers’ segments and vice versa, utilizing the TD-PSOLA algorithm. Native listeners of each target language participated in judging the foreign accent and comprehensibility of the transplanted stimuli. Results show that the synthesized stimuli were perceived as stronger accented speech regardless of the talkers’ proficiency when native talkers’ prosody was crossed with non-native talkers’ segments. This suggests that segments contribute more than prosody to native listeners’ evaluations of foreign accent. This may be due to the fact that segments play a primary role in delivering semantic information of speech. In addition, it was found that non-native talkers’ segments, swapped with native talkers’ prosody, made a significant difference in foreign accent ratings between high and low proficient talkers, but the other combination of native talkers’ segments and non-native talkers’ prosody did not. In other words, prosodic information seems to be masked by segment information, giving little impact on native talkers’ perceptions of foreign accent. More specifically, in Chinese talkers’ English and Korean speech, when transplanted with native talkers’ segments, Chinese talkers’ prosody showed a difference in duration between high and low proficiency, such that stronger foreign accent was detected when low proficient Chinese talkers’ duration was crossed with native talkers’ segments. This indicates that prosody, more specifically duration, plays a role though the prosodic role is not as significant overall as segments. According to the post acoustic analysis, the temporal features contributing to make the duration parameter prominent were found out to be speaking rate, pause duration and pause frequency. Among the rest, speaking rate showed the largest extent to predict the degree of foreign accent. That is to say, in English and Korean speech, native listeners might use speech rate as a cue to decide whether a speaker is native or not. In Korean talkers’ Chinese speech, among the prosodic parameters, pitch was found to serve a primary function to accentedness. The acoustic analysis examining the Mandarin tone production of Korean non-native talkers shows that highly proficient Korean talkers outperformed low proficient talkers, which indicates that proficiency levels affect the performance of tone production. This suggests that linguistic experience plays a role in L2 production. Another finding of the acoustic analysis shows that the pairs that were mistaken the most frequently were those that had similar phonetic features, which illustrates that it is more difficult for L2 learners to produce tone pairs that share similar features than other pairs that have dissimilar features. Three experiments all exhibit that prosody and segments seemed to have an equal weight in the perception of comprehensibility, in contrast to the foreign accent judgments. Finally, foreign accent and comprehensibility showed no significant correlations such that native listeners did not go through much difficulty even when they listened to strong foreign accented speech.

Self-healing for Polymer Matrix Composites: Healing Agents and Microencapsulation : 고분자 복합재를 위한 자가치료기법: 자가치료제 및 마이크로캡슐

Xing Liu 금오공과대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

고분자 복합재를 위한 자가치료기법: 자가치료제 및 마이크로캡슐 유성 금오공과대학교 고분자공학과 대학원 요약 최근 액상의 자가치료제를 함유한 마이크로캡슐을 고분자 복합재에 혼입하여 손상을 자동적으로 치료할 수 있는 기법이 소개되어 많은 관심을 모으고 있다. 자가치료가 되는 과정을 보면 발생된 크랙이 마이크로캡슐을 통과하여 자가치료액이 크랙면을 따라 흐르게 되고, 이 치료액이 크랙면 내부에서 노출된 촉매와 반응하여 경화됨으로서 크랙면을 복구하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 자가치료제로 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene(ENB)과 endo-dicyclopentadiene(endo-DCPD) 그리고 이들의 블랜드에 대하여 Grubbs 촉매 하에 ring-opening metathesis 중합 반응 전과 후의 거동에 대하여 조사하였다. ENB가 endo-DCPD에 비하여 자가치료에서 유리한 점은 낮은 양의 촉매로 빠른 반응이 진행되며, 녹는 점이 없고, 반응 후에도 높은 유리전이온도(Tg)를 나타낸다는 것이다. 일반적으로 효과적인 자가치료가 이루어지기 위하여 필요한 사항으로 알려진 빠른 경화속도, 경화 후 높은 강직성, 요구 촉매양의 감소, 낮은 온도에서의 기능발휘 등을 고려해 보면 ENB/ endo-DCPD의 블랜드가 자가치료제로 매우 유리한 것으로 생각된다. 또한 ENB는 MUF(melamine-urea-formaldehyde)를 외벽 반응물질로 두 가지 다른 에멀젼 방법 즉 기계적 회전법과 Shirasu Porous Glass(SPG) 멤브레인을 이용하여 마이크로캡슐을 제조하였다. 그 결과 본 연구의 MUF마이크로캡슐은 이전 연구의 UF 캡슐과 비교하여 간단한 캡슐 제조 공정으로 우수한 특성을 가진 캡슐을 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 SPG를 사용하였을 때 기계식 회전법 보다 훨씬 더 좁은 크기 분포를 가진 캡슐이 생성되었다. 자가치료제의 반응을 위해 사용되는 촉매가 열경화성 수지 내에서 존재할 때 활성의 변화 양상을 조사하기 위하여 1세대 및 2세대 Grubbs촉매를 다양한 열경화성 수지에 분산시켜 자가치료제와의 반응을 유도하여 레올로지 거동을 조사하였다. 그 결과 에폭시 수지 내에서 1세대 Grubbs촉매가 2세대에 비하여 훨씬 효과적으로 작용하였다. 이는 자가치료기법을 고성능 고분자 복합제로 확대 적용할 수 있다는 측면에서 중요한 결과이다. Self-healing for Polymer Matrix Composites: Healing Agents and Microencapsulation Xing Liu Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School Kumoh National Institute of Technology Abstract One self-healing strategy for polymeric composites incorporating microcapsules containing a liquid monomer (healing agent) dispersed in the matrix has been introduced and of tremendous interests recently. Healing is triggered by crack propagation through the microcapsules, which then release the healing agent into the crack plane. Subsequent exposure of the healing agent to the chemical catalyst initiates polymerization and bonding of the crack faces. In this study, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and endo-dicyclopentadiene (endo-DCPD) and their blends are analyzed before and after ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of Grubbs catalyst as healing agent candidates. ENB may have advantages over endo-DCPD because it reacts much faster in the presence of a much lower amount of catalyst, has no melting point, and produces a resin that has a higher value of the glass transition temperature (Tg). Considering requirements for effective self-healing (i.e., fast reaction during cure, high rigidity after cure, reduction of catalyst amount, and lower temperature capabilities), ENB/ endo-DCPD blends are regarded to be potential candidates. ENB is microencapsulated using MUF (melamine-urea-formaldehyde) shell materials via two different emulsification techniques; mechanical stirring and Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane. The MUF microcapsules exhibit superior properties and simpler manufacturing process compared to the UF microcapsules in other reports. Especially, MUF microcapsules from SPG show a narrower size distribution compared to those from mechanical stirring. Rheological behavior of the ROMP-based healing agents, triggered by 1st and 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst suspended in various thermosetting resins, is investigated to evaluate the survival of the embedded catalyst within the thermosetting matrices. It was found that the 1st generation catalyst is more effective than the 2nd generation in all the epoxy matrices. This result is important for the self-healing methodology to be expanded to high performance polymer composites.

Three Essays on Labor Economics

Liu, Xing Michelle The University of Arizona 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation includes three essays investigating the effects of such diverse factors as government regulations, expansion of government spending, and physical appearances on (individual) labor market outcomes. The first essay, entitled "Physical Attractiveness and Earnings: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey", examines how individual earnings in the long-run can be affected by adolescent physical attractiveness endowment across genders. In recent years, labor market discrimination against the physical attractive/unattractive has brought increasing attention primarily because the number of employment-related discrimination claims based on employees appearance has continued to increase (Malos, 2007). Therefore, the evaluation of the beauty premium/plainness penalty in the labor market sheds light on explaining existing wage discrimination, gender wage gaps, and inform policy makers with respect to anti-discrimination legislation. Using a unique Wisconsin dataset, I specifically examine occupational sorting through which physical attractiveness may affect long-run individual earnings. Consistent with previous studies, I find that physical attractiveness is positively associated with individual earnings for both men and women. In the long-run, the results suggest that the beauty premium for men develops during their career but that for women fades over time. Although attractive women prefer certain occupations, sorting does not explain the womens beauty premium. The second essay, entitled "Environmental Regulation and Coal Mining Industry Labor Demand", examines how the behavior of coal mines that supply raw material for power plants changes in response to the Acid Rain Program (thereafter, ARP) that was intended to shape the behavior of U.S. coal-fired power plants. Although the ARPs objective was to reduce power plants annual SO2 emissions it might also curb labor market activities and cause job losses. Therefore, quantifying the cost of unintended labor market consequences helps accurately estimate the full effects of environmental regulations and informs policy makers about how to design employment transition assistance programs that provide job training and temporary compensation for job loses arising from unintended adverse effects of the regulations. Utilizing variation across coal mines regulatory status and time, I obtain the main employment effect estimates using a difference-in-difference model controlling for annual or quarterly nation-wide shocks, time-invariant mine attributes, and regional trends. This study expands the small amount of existing literature that examines the unintended labor market effects of non-targeted industries resulted from the environmental regulation. Additionally, it expands the perspective from solely investigating the effect of the ARP to a more comprehensive analysis. Specifically, I have examined the role of state Public Utility Commission cost recovery rules, state incentives that promote local high-sulfur coal, and of coal mine labor unions in addition to the ARP. The results suggest that the ARP Phase I, from 1995 to 1999, increases low-sulfur coal mine employment but decreases high-sulfur coal mine employment. The third essay, entitled "Effects of New Deal Spending on Labor Market Outcomes", explores a unique episode in American history, the Great Depression, and investigates the medium-term effects of various New Deal programs that aimed to promote the recovery of the economy, on the U.S. labor markets. We use county level data on New Deal spending on the relief, public works, and Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) farm programs form 1933 to 1939 and individual characteristics and earnings in 1939 and 1940. We find that relief and AAA spending were associated with negative effects on individual earnings while public works spending was associated with positive effects on earnings. Although most of our estimated coefficients on New Deal expenditures are statistically significant, their corresponding magnitude are fairly close to zero indicating these New Deal effects are negligible. It appears that possible positive labor market effects that were induced by demand stimulus, labor supply crowding-out, and labor productivity increase are offset by negative labor market effects were generated by workers' skill degradation, labor demand crowding-out, and dismissal of relief workers in 1939.

Measuring teachers' perceptions of grading practices: A cross-cultural perspective

Liu, Xing University of Connecticut 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The effectiveness of classroom assessment and grading practices has become an increasingly important research topic in education. Many studies have been conducted regarding factors affecting teachers' grading practices. However, results of these studies were contradictory in terms of whether it was necessary for teachers to consider factors other than student achievement in their grading practices. While many studies have been conducted on teachers' grading practices, no research has been done from a cross-cultural context. The primary purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument (the Teachers' Perceptions of Grading Practices (TPGP)), and to measure middle and high school teachers' attitudes towards and perceptions of grading practices within the U.S. and China. A second purpose was to examine possible differences between teachers in the U.S. and China in regard to their perceptions and practices of grading. In this study, 122 middle and high school teachers in the U.S. and 167 middle and high school teachers in China responded to the TPGP survey. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that some items were non-invariant across the two countries, and these items were identified in the context of partial measurement invariance. Results of descriptive statistics found that teachers in the two countries believed that grading was important and useful; they both considered a variety of factors in grading. Univariate ANOVA analyses suggested mean differences for some equivalent items across countries. Teachers in China were more likely to offer a student a second chance to take a test if that student failed, and they felt more confident in grading than their U.S. counterparts. For those nonequivalent items, their response frequencies and their distributions were examined, and possible reasons for nonequivalence were discussed. Results of chi-square tests found that teachers in the U.S. gave assignments, and major tests or exams that accounted for a grade less frequently than teachers in China, providing empirical evidence to support that the education system in China is test-oriented with high student workload. This study also provides empirical evidence of how to deal with partial measurement invariance and how to identify nonequivalent items of an instrument in cross-cultural research.

Genetic Susceptibility and Environmental Risk Factors of Liver Cancer, a Population-based Case-control Study in Jiangsu Province, China

Liu, Xing University of California, Los Angeles 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Background: Liver cancer is a major public health burden in China. Polymorphisms in genes from stem cell pathway and microRNA related genes have been associated with liver cancer in experimental studies. However, few well-designed large population-based studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of genetic susceptibility and established environmental risk factors including hepatitis virus infections, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and exposure to aflatoxin and their interaction on the carcinogenesis. Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Jiangsu from 2003 to 2010. A total of 2,011 new cases and 7,933 randomly selected healthy controls were consented and interviewed. 58 SNPs and serum HBV/HCV infection markers were measured. Unconditional logistic regression models were used in determining the odds ratios. Results: HBsAg positive was confirmed as a strong risk factor for liver cancer with an aOR of 9.85 (95% CI: 8.28-11.72). Alcohol consumption (aOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.61-2.28), tobacco smoking (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25-1.75), family history of liver cancer (aOR: 4.19, 95% CI: 3.17-5.53) and history of raw water drinking (aOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13-1.55) also showed positive associations. Positive statistical interactions were observed among them. Rs896849 (TP53INP1 gene, C/C vs. T/T, aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08-0.87), rs11614913 (miR-196a2 gene, C/C vs. T/T, aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.27-0.71), rs4730775 (WNT2 gene, C/T vs. C/C, aOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.50-0.99) and rs2241802 (FZD3 gene, A/A vs. G/G, aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.91) showed inverse associations with liver cancer. Statistical interactions were detected between rs896849, rs11614813 and environmental exposures. Among HBsAg positive participants, rs12828 (WWOX gene), rs2740348 (Gemin4 gene), rs222851 (DVL2 gene) and rs3734637 (HEY2 gene) showed associations with serum HBV viral load level. Conclusion: HBV infection, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and family history of liver cancer showed joint effect on liver cancer in this Chinese population. Some SNPs from microRNA related genes and stem cell pathway genes showed association with liver cancer and interacted with environmental exposures. Elimination of infection and intervention on risk behaviors are important in Chinese population. The detected SNPs may serve as new markers for cancer prevention and therapy targets once the associations are further confirmed.

Self-healing for polymer matrix composites : healing agents and microencapsulation : 자가치료제 및 마이크로캡슐

유성 금오공과대학교 2008 국내석사

공공봉사동기에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 중국 상하이세관대학교 대학생들 중심으로

유성 중앙대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 중국 세관 예비 공무원을 양성하는 대학교인 중국 상하이세관대학교 대학생들이 갖는 공공봉사동기의 영향 요인을 확인하는데 있다. 공공봉사동기라는 개념은 민간부문에 나타나는 일반적인 동기와 달리 공공부문의 종사자들이 갖는 특유한 동기요인으로 공· 사부문의 비교 연구를 통해 공공부문과 민간부문에서 갖는 동기구조가 다르다는 것을 확인하는 것이 주로 이루어져 왔다. 동시에 효과적인 조직관리를 위해 조직구성원들의 동기는 핵심요인으로 연구해왔다. 공공이익의 실현을 위한 이타적 동기인 공공봉사동기는 특히 공공부문에 일하는 공직자들이 갖는 주요한 동기로 제시하면서 그 중요성이 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라 관련 연구도 지난 20여 년간 활발하게 진행되어 왔지만, 여전히 더 연구해야 할 영역이 존재한다. 본 연구는 첫째로 공공봉사동기의 이론적 논의를 통해 과연 어떠한 요인들이 공공봉사동기에 미치는 가를 미국 학자 Perry(2000)의 일반사회화 요인을 중심으로 검증해보았다. 둘째, 선행연구를 통해 공공봉사동기의 결정 요인에 대한 실증연구를 연구해보았다. 셋째, 사회자본의 개념을 도입해 사회신뢰, 정부신뢰 등 요인이 공공봉사동기에 미치는 영향도 연구해보았다. 넷째, 미국 공무원 대상으로 한 연구는 중국 현지 맥락에 적용되는지도 살펴보고자 했으며 이를 확인하기 위해 실증적 분석을 해보았다. 실증 분석 결과에 따르면 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 확인할 수 있다. 첫째, 가족사회화가 높을수록 공공봉사동기 수준이 높아졌다. 둘째, 자원봉사 수준이 높을수록 공공봉사동기 수준도 높아졌다는 결과 나왔다. 셋째, 고학년이 저학년보다 공공봉사동기가 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 사회에 대한 신뢰도 및 정부에 대한 신뢰도가 공공봉사동기 수준에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 확인되었다. 다섯째, 정치신분을 보면 당원의 공공봉사동기 수준이 비당원보다 높다는 결과가 나왔다. The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors of public service motivation of college students in Shanghai Customs University of China, Public service motivation is a distinctive motivator of public sector employees, unlike the motivations that appear in the private sector, and the research in the past confirms that the public sector and the private sector pursue different motivational structures through comparative studies Mainly. At the same time, the motivation of organizational members has been treated as a key factor for effective organizational management. The importance of public service motivation, which is an altruistic motive for the realization of the public interest, is particularly noticed as one of the main motives of the members of the public sector. As a result, related research has been actively conducted for the past 20 years, but there are still areas to be studied further. First, the theoretical discussion of public service motivation has examined what factors affect public service motivation based on the general socialization factors of American scholar Perry (2000). Second, we examined empirical studies on determinants of public service motivation through previous studies. Third, the effect of factors such as social trust and government trust on public service motivation was studied by introducing the concept of social capital. Fourth, one study for US civil servants tried to examine the map applied to the local context in China, and we conducted empirical analysis to confirm this. According to the results of the empirical analysis, the following facts can be confirmed. First, the higher the family socialization, the higher the level of public service motivation. Second, the higher the volunteer level, the higher the level of public service motivation. Third, public service motivation was higher in upper grades than lower grades. Fourth, trust in society and trust in government have positive effects on public service motivation level. Fifth, political status shows that the level of public service motivation is higher than that of non - members.