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Effect of cathode thickness on the performance of planar Na-NiCl<sub>2</sub> battery
Lu, Xiaochuan,Chang, Hee Jung,Bonnett, Jeff F.,Canfield, Nathan L.,Jung, Keeyoung,Sprenkle, Vincent L.,Li, Guosheng Elsevier 2017 Journal of Power Sources Vol.365 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Na-beta alumina batteries (NBBs) are one of the most promising technologies for renewable energy storage and grid applications. Commercial NBBs are typically constructed in tubular designs, primarily because of their ease of sealing. However, planar designs are considered superior to tubular counterparts in terms of power output, cell packing, ease of assembly, and thermal management. In this paper, the performance of planar NBBs has been evaluated at an intermediate temperature. In particular, planar Na-NiCl<SUB>2</SUB> cells with different cathode loadings and thicknesses have been studied at 190 °C. The effects of the cathode thickness, charging current, and discharging power output on the cell capacity and resistance have been investigated. More than 60% of theoretical cell capacity was retained with constant discharging power levels of 200, 175, and 100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for 1x, 2x, and 3x cathode loadings, respectively. The cell resistance with 1x and 2x cathode loadings was dominated by ohmic resistance with discharging currents up to 105 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, while for 3x cathode loading, it was primarily dominated by ohmic resistance with currents less than 66.67 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and by polarization resistance above 66.67 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Performance of planar Na-NiCl<SUB>2</SUB> cells was primarily limited by the charging current. </LI> <LI> Cells with 1x and 2x cathodes were dominated by ohmic resistance up to 105 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The cell with 3x cathode retained 27% of the capacity at a power output of 200 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P>
Chang, Hee Jung,Lu, Xiaochuan,Bonnett, Jeff F.,Canfield, Nathan L.,Son, Sori,Park, Yoon-Cheol,Jung, Keeyoung,Sprenkle, Vincent L.,Li, Guosheng Elsevier 2017 Journal of Power Sources Vol.348 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Developing advanced and reliable electrical energy storage systems is critical to fulfill global energy demands and stimulate the growth of renewable energy resources. Sodium metal halide batteries have been under serious consideration as a low cost alternative energy storage device for stationary energy storage systems. Yet, there are number of challenges to overcome for the successful market penetration, such as high operating temperature and hermetic sealing of batteries that trigger an expensive manufacturing process. Here we demonstrate simple, economical and practical sealing technologies for Na-NiCl<SUB>2</SUB> batteries operated at an intermediate temperature of 190 °C. Conventional polymers are implemented in planar Na-NiCl<SUB>2</SUB> batteries after a prescreening test, and their excellent compatibilities and durability are demonstrated by a stable performance of Na-NiCl<SUB>2</SUB> battery for more than 300 cycles. The sealing methods developed in this work will be highly beneficial and feasible for prolonging battery cycle life and reducing manufacturing cost for Na-based batteries at elevated temperatures (<200 °C).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Conventional polymers were adopted as sealing materials for Na-NiCl<SUB>2</SUB> batteries. </LI> <LI> Selected polymers showed excellent compatibility with sodium and melts at 190 °C. </LI> <LI> Batteries with polymer seals showed stable performances over 300 cycles. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Li, Xiaochuan,Kim, Young-Sung,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Jun, Kun,Son, Young-A 한국섬유공학회 2009 FIBERS AND POLYMERS Vol.10 No.6
In this contribution, three triphenylamine derivatives were synthesized and their spectral properties were investigated. Knoevenagel condensation of mono-, di-, and tri-aldehydes of triphenylamine with 1,3-indanedione yields D-$\pi$-A type dyes with push-pull chromophores. The absorption and luminescence properties of the dyes were discussed in terms of their electronic structures. The results of molecular orbital computer simulations, based on Material Studio, were found to provide a reasonable explanation for the observed spectral properties related to the push-pull features causing dramatic changes in UV-Vis absorption as well as in photoluminescence.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of (A)n-π-(Ph)3N Type Dyes
Li, Xiaochuan,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kun, Jun,Son, Young-A TaylorFrancis 2009 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.504 No.1
<P>Two new (A)n-pi-(Ph)(3)N type dyes were designed, synthesized and characterized. The optical properties and structures of them were studied, including UV-visible spectroscopy, photo-luminescence spectroscopy. The geometric structures of them were calculated theoretically based on the DFT level using BLYP/GGA basis set, the HOMO/LOMO levels were also measured and calculated.</P>
A bright yellow emissive dye configured by attaching triarylamine to naphthalimide with ‒NHN˭ bridge
Li, Xiaochuan,Shan, Dandan,Oh, Wooram,Son, Young-A Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.635 No.1
<P>In this contribution, a dye (TPN) with 1,8-naphthalimide and triphenylamine incorporated together was linked by NHN bridge. It was fully characterized by NMR and HRMS spectroscopic techniques. Highly emissive character was observed in weak and medium polar solvent. The emission maximum varied from 494 (green) to 564nm (orange). In polycarbonate film, TPN is also highly emissive with 550nm emission peak. While in solid, the emission peak was shifted to red region due to the tightly molecular packing. The propeller like configuration of triphenylamine avoids regular packing and leads to the emission character in solid. Calculation of frontier molecular orbitals uncovers the underlying mechanism of solvatochromism.</P>
Li, Xiaochuan,Shan, Dandan,Kim, Changkyeom,Son, Young-A Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.635 No.1
<P>In this contribution, a dye (THBT) with 2,5-dimethylthiophene substituted to 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole was synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Its emission behavior in various solvents was investigated and obvious negative solvatochromism was observed. The emission maximum of THBT varied from deep blue (425nm) in DMSO to orange (550nm) in chloroform. It is also highly emissive in polycarbonate film and solid powder with the emission peaks 546 and 554nm, respectively. The ESIPT effect, together with the relaxation of free rotation of thiophene in the excited states, shifted the solid emission 34nm toward longer wavelength furtherly, with respect the 520nm (green) emission of HBT. Quantum calculation of frontier molecular orbitals uncovers the underlying mechanism of negative solvatochromism.</P>