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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Wooley, R. E. (검색결과 2 건)
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Chicken Embryo Lethality Assay for Determining the Virulence of Avian Escherichia coli Isolates
Wooley, R. E.,Gibbs, P. S.,Brown, T. P.,Maurer, J. J. JSTOR 2000 Avian diseases Vol.44 No.2
<P>Multiple isolates of Escherichia coli from clinical cases of colibacillosis and E. coli from the intestinal tracts of normal broilers at slaughter were assayed by the embryo lethality test to determine their virulence. The assay was repeated five times in order to establish reproducibility and determine the statistical parameters of the test. This study showed that the inoculation of approximately 100 colony-forming units in the allantoic cavity of 12-day-old embryos discriminated between virulent and avirulent E. coli isolates. Gross lesions included cranial and skin hemorrhages in addition to encephalomalacia in embryos inoculated with virulent isolates. Abnormalities were observed by microscopic examination of the heart, brain, and liver in embryos inoculated with virulent isolates. Analysis of data indicated that the length of the test should be 4 days. In the virulent group, day 2 postinoculation had the most significant death patterns. Sample size calculations indicated that 11 embryos are sufficient for the assay. On the basis of death rates, isolates considered to be avirulent had an embryo death rate of <10%, moderately or secondary pathogens had a 10%-29% death rate, and virulent isolates had a death rate of >29%. An important aspect of this assay is the accessibility of good-quality fertile embryonated eggs.</P>
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허규성,조상호,Karen L. Wooley 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.11
ABA-type polycarbonate block copolymers with pendant vinyl ether and benzyl functionalities were synthesized by sequential ring-opening polymerization of functional cyclic carbonate monomers using 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as an organobase catalyst. The vinyl ether moieties on the resulting block copolymers were readily conjugated with 3-mercaptopropionic acid, cysteamine hydrochloride, and L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate through thiol-ene “click” reactions, yielding anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic self-assembled nanoparticles, respectively, in corresponding buffers. The effect of pH on the size and surface charge of nanoparticles were examined.
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