Some Properties of Partially Purified Alkaline Inorganic Pyrophosphatase from Mung-bean (Phaseolus radiatus) Seedling

박우철,남민희,Park, Woo-Churl,Nam, Min-Hee 한국토양비료학회 1982 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.15 No.4

발아초기 녹두의 부위별 alkaline inorganic PPase의 활성변화 및 잎 부위에서 부분 정제하여 얻은 효소를 이용하여 효소적 성질을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 잎 부위가 타 부위보다 약 2~4배의 더 높은 활성을 나타냈으며 발아가 진행됨에 따라 잎과 뿌리 그리고 지엽에서는 효소 활성이 초기에 증가하다가 점차 감소하는 경향을 보인 반면, 상배축에서는 초기부터 계속 감소하였으며 하배축에서는 계속 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 정제 과정동안 23.9%의 수율로 86배가 정제되었으며 전기 영동상의 Rm value는 0.35였으며 homogenenity는 아니었고, Km value는 0.89mM로 나타났다. 3. 이 효소는 $Mg^{2+}$에 대해 대단히 Specific하였으며 $Cu^{2+}$와 $Fe^{2+}$도 $Mg^{2+}$에 비해 각각 56%, 55%의 activating effect를 나타냈다. 그러나, $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$와 $Ni^{2+}$은 이 효소에 대해 저해체로 작용하였다. 4. 이 효소는 pH 8-9와 $50^{\circ}C$에서 최대의 활성을 보였으며 열에 대해서도 상당히 안정하였다. Time course of alkaline inorganic PPase activity with different parts of mung-bean sprout and some properties of partially purified enzyme from mung-bean leaves were investigated. The enzyme activity in leaf, root and cotyledon showed a tendency to increase at an early stage and then decrease gradually as germination continued. However, the crude homogenate of epicotyl showed the continuous decline of the enzyme activity but that of hypocotyl showed the continuous increase. In particular, the enzyme activity of leaf fraction was about 2-4 times as high as those of other fractions. The specific activity of the leaf enzyme was increased 86-fold, with a 23.9% yield, upon purification procedures. The purified enzyme from leaves had the Rm value of 0.35 and was not homogenous when judged by disc gel electrophoresis. Using tetrasodium pyrophosphate as a substrate, the apparent Km value for the partially purified enzyme was 0.89 mM. The enzyme was highly specific for $Mg^{2+}$ $CU^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ was also showed the activating effect of 56% and 55% with $Mg^{2+}$, respectively. However, $Ca^{2+}$), $Zn^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ acted as inhibitors for the enzyme. The pH optimum for the enzyme shifted from 9.0 to 8.0 as the concentration of $Mg^{2+}$ was increased. The enzyme from mun-bean leaf was the most active at $50^{\circ}C$ and considerably stable on heat.

Some Properties of Partially Purified Alkaline Inorganic Pyrophosphatase from Mung-bean (Phaseolus radiatus) Seedling

Woo-Churl Park(朴愚喆),Min-Hee Nam(南玟熙) 한국토양비료학회 1982 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.15 No.4

대두-근류균의 공생에서 Lectin에 의한 결합특이성

김진호,박우철,강상재,Kim, Jin-Ho,Park, Woo-Churl,Kang, Sang-Jae 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.4

근류균과 대두의 공생에서 숙주 결합성을 조사하기 위하여 대두종자로 부터 분리한 lectin과 뿌리추출물과의 동일성 여부를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 탈지 대두분으로 부터 분리한 lectin은 크로마토그라피와 전기영동상 단일물질로 분리되었고 백운 및 팔달로 부터 분리한 lectin은 표준 lectin의 항체와 항원-항체 반응을 나타내어 동일한 물질이었다. 종자lectin 및 뿌리추출물 및 뿌리분비물에 대한 화학주성은 RCR 3407, KCTC 2422에서 뿌리분비물에 대한 주성이 가장 높았고 종자 lectin과 뿌리추출물은 비슷한 화학주성을 나타내었다. 대두의 유근으로 부터 분리한 뿌리추출물은 표준 lectin의 항체와 침강선을 형성하여 대두 종자 lectin과 동일한 물질임을 알수 있었으며 뿌리 분비물과는 침강선을 형성치 않았다. 대두와 상호접종군을 형성하는 RCR3407, KCTC2422 및 LPN-101은 대두의 종자 lectin 및 뿌리추출물과 결합하였으나 완두의 lectin과는 결합하지 않았고 대두와 근류형성을 하지않는 LPN-100은 대두의 lectin과 결합하지 않았다. This study was carried out to elucidate the biological characteristics of Rhizobia in biological nitrogen fixation system. The results of investigation were as follows; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of root lectin in the presence of SDS was ascertained electrophoretically and chromatographically. The purified root lectin formed immunoprecipitin line with anti lectin rabbit IgG. Root lectin, seed lectin and root exudate were tested for chemotactic ability. Chemotactic responses of RCR3407 and KCTC2422 toward root exudate were stronger than those of seed lectin and root lectin, but there didn't occur chemotactic responses of LPN100, not bound with seed lectin and that of LPN101, bound with seed lectin toward root exudate, root lectin and seed lectin. RCR3407, KCTC2422 and LPN-101, which nodulated with soybean, interacted with soybean lectin, but not with pea lectin. LPN-100, which was not nodulated with soybean, didn't interact with soybean lectin.

Flavonoids와 근류균의 상호작용

강상재,박우철,서상현,Kang, Sang-Jae,Park, Woo-Churl,Seo, Sang-Hyun 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.4

본 연구는 숙주특이적인 근류형성에 두과작물의 뿌리분비물에 포함된 기주특이적인 flavonoids와 근류균의 상호작용에 대해 실험하였다. Flavonoid 화합물에 대한 근류균의 생물학적 활성은 B. japonocum의 경우 대두의 뿌리분비물에 포함된 flavonoid화합물인 daidzein과 genistein에서는 생장 증진 효과가 나타났으며, alfalfa의 뿌리분비물에 포함된 flavonoid인 luteolin에서는 생장 저해 효과가 나타났으며, R. meliloti의 경우 luteolin의 경우 생장증진 효과가 나타났으며, daidzein과 genistein의 경우 생장저해효과가 나타났다. 각 근류균의 흡수 특이성은 B. japonicum에서 daidzein과 genistein이 각각 $14.95\;{\mu}g/g$와 $14.20\;{\mu}g/g$로 가장 높고 luteolin이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, R. meliloti의 경우 luteolin이 $18.31\;{\mu}g/g$으로 가장 높고 daidzein과 genistein이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이와 같은 사실로 숙주특이적인 flavonoids가 근류균의 숙주특이성에 깊은 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다. This experiment was carried out to elucidate the biological activity and absorption characteristics of flavonoids in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium and to obtain basic information on host specific nodulation by flavonoids in rhizobium-legume symbiosis. The purpose of the present study was to explore the biological activity and the flavonoid absorption indicates that host-specificity is induced by flavonoids in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Biological activity increased by daidzein and genistein treatment on B. japonicum KCTC 1539 whereas decreased by luteolin treatment but increased by luteolin treatment on R. meliloti whereas decreased by daidzein and genistein treatment. Daidzein and genistein are absorbed by B. japonicum, KCTC 1539 at higher rate than other flavonoids. Especially, luteolin was absorbed at a least rate. Luteolin are absorbed by R. meliloti KCTC 2353 at higher rate than other flavonoids. Especially, daidzein and genistein was absorbed at a least rate.

상추에서 수분 스트레스에 의한 항산화(抗酸化) 효소(酵素)의 활성도(活性度) 변화(變化)

강상재,박우철,Kang, Sang-Jae,Park, Woo-Churl 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1997 慶北大農學誌 Vol.15 No.-

4종(種)의 상치를 공시작물(供試作物)로 하여 수분(水分) 스트레스에 노출(露出)을 시켰을 때 총(總) 단백질(蛋白質)의 함량(含量)은 Flooding 처리시 그 감소율(減少率)이 더 크게 나타났으며 감소율(減少率)은 JCM이 가장 컸고, DCM이 가장 작았으며 품종간(品種間) 각 처리별(處理別) 차이(差異)가 크게나타났다. 총(總) 지질(脂質)의 함량(含量)은 감소율(減少率)이 CCM이 가장 컸고 JCM, DCM, DJM순(順)으로 감소(減少)하였다. 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)인 Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)는 Catalase, Ascorbate Peroxidase의 활성도(活性度)는 전체적으로 감소(減少)하였으며 그 감소율(減少率)은 Catalase의 경우 처리별 JCM이 가장 크게 나타났고 DCM, DJM에서는 Flooding 처리시 효소의 활성도 변화가 더 크게 나타났다. Calatase의 활성도(活性度) 변화(變化)가 Ascorbate peroxidase의 활성도(活性度) 보다 감소율(減少率)이 더 크게 나타나 이는 Catalase가 Ascorbate peroxidase 보다 과산화수소(過酸化水素)와 더 직접적(直接的)으로 반응(反應)을 함을 나타낸다. Drought 처리기간별(處理期間別) 효소(酵素)의 활성도(活性度)는 생육시간(生育時間)이 길어질수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었으며 Catalase의 활성도(活性度)가 4일째 이후 가장 급격하게 감소(減少)하였다. Plants are exposed to wide range of different stresses. As plants have only limited mechanism for stress avoidance, they require flexible means for adaption to changing environmental conditions. This study was carried out to reasearch the changes of antioxidant enzymes activities as caused by water stress in four lettuceUactuca sativa) lines. Four lettuce lines exposed to water stress showed premature senescence as evidenced by the consistenent reduction in the content of total soluble protein and total lipid. Water stress also caused decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, but decrease rates were different. Catalase activity was decreased much more than that of ascorbate peroxidase that suggest catalase reacted with hydrogenyperoxide directly not with ascorbate peroxidase.

Possible Use of NIR Spectroscopy for Soil Testing

유관식,조래광,박우철,김복진,Ryu, Kwan-Shig,Cho, Rae-Kwang,Park, Woo-Churl,Kim, Bok-Jin 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

실험실에서의 기존의 토양분석방법은 많은 시약을 사용하고 분석시간이 많이 걸린다. 본 연구는 근적외 분광분석기를 이용하여 토양의 여러 가지 이화학성분에 대한 측정결과를 검토하였다. 토양시료를 몰탈로 갈아서 토양입자를 0.2mm의 체를 통과시킨 140점의 토양시료를 85점은 근적외 분광분석기(InfraAlyzer 500, Bran & Luebbe Co.)로 표준곡선을 작성하고 나머지 55점의 토양시료는 표준곡선을 이용하여 토양의 이화학성중에서 토양 pH, CEC, 치환성 Ca, Mg, K 및 유효규산, 휴믹산 및 전기전도도(EC)를 추정하였다. 표준곡선은 부분최소자승법을 이용하여 작성하였다. 토양시료를 곱게 분쇄하면 근적외선의 고른 확산반사를 얻을 수 있어서, 근적외 분광분석기를 이용하여 여러 기지 토양의 화학성을 수초내에 추정할 수 있어 토양검정에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Traditional methods of chemical analysis for the soil properties take time and produce harmful waste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an NIR technique for measuring some soil properties that are rapid and accurate in soil fertility assessments. The NIR instrument (InfraAlyzer 500, Bran & Luebbe Co.) was used for obtaining spectral data from 140 finely ground soil for calibrations and validation estimating pH, CEC, extractable Ca, Mg, K, $SiO_2$, humic acid and EC. Partial least square regression analysis was used to develop a calibration of NIR spectroscopy method. The results indicated that NIR spectroscopy could be used as a routine nondestructive method quantitatively determining soil chemical properties quickly. However the NIR technique may require sample preparation to obtain even diffuse reflection spectra from the soil and data manipulations to obtain optimal predictions.

Flavonoids와 근류균의 상호작용

서상현,강상재,박우철 ( Sang Hyun Seo,Sang Jae Kang,Woo Churl Park ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.6

This experiment was carried out to elucidate the biological activity and absorption characteristics of flavonoids in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium and to obtain basic information on host specific nodulation by flavonoids in rhizobium-legume symbiosis. The purpose of the present study was to explore the biological activity and the flavonoid absorption indicates that host-specificity is induced by flavonoids in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Biological activity increased by daidzein and genistein treatment on B. japonicum KCTC 1539 whereas decreased by luteolin treatment but increased by luteolin treatment on R. meliloti whereas decreased by daidzein and genistein treatment. Daidzein and genistein are absorbed by B. japonicum, KCTC 1539 at higher rate than other flavonoids. Especially, luteolin was absorbed at a least rate. Luteolin are absorbed by R. meliloti KCTC 2353 at higher rate than other flavonoids. Especially, daidzein and genistein was absorbed at a least rate.

대두-근류균의 공생에서 Lectin에 의한 결합특이성

강상재,김진호,박우철 ( Sang Jae Kang,Jin Ho Kim,Woo Churl Park ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.6

This study was carried out to elucidate the biological characteristics of Rhizobia in biological nitrogen fixation system. The results of investigation were as follows; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of root lectin in the presence of SDS was ascertained electrophoretically and chromatographically. The purified root lectin formed immunoprecipitin line with anti lectin rabbit IgG. Root lectin, seed lectin and root exudate were tested for chemotactic ability. Chemotactic responses of RCR3407 and KCTC2422 toward root exudate were stronger than those of seed lectin and root lectin, but there didn`t occur chemotactic responses of LPN100, not bound with seed lectin and that of LPN101, bound with seed lectin toward root exudate, root lectin and seed lectin. RCR3407, KCTC2422 and LPN-101, which nodulated with soybean, interacted with soybean lectin, but not with pea lectin. LPN-100, which was not nodulated with soybean, didn`t interact with soybean lectin.

A Study of Denitrification in the Grassland with an Acetylene Inhibition Technic

조진기,최정,박우철,Jo, Jin-Ki,Choi, Jyung,Park, Woo-Churl 한국토양비료학회 1983 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 20개소(個所)의 초지토양(草地土壤)에서 토양(土壤)을 column으로 채취(採取)하여 탈질계(脫窒系)에 아세틸렌 가스를 주입(注入) 함으로서 모든 탈질최종생성물(脫窒最終生成物)을 $N_2O$로 유도(誘導)하는 방법(方法)으로 초지(草地)에서의 탈질(脫窒)을 측정(測定)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 탈질계(脫窒系)에 $C_2H_2$를 주입(注入)하지 않았을 경우, 대부분의 시험구(試驗區)에서 $N_2O$의 발생(發生)은 탐지(探知)되지 않았으나, $C_2H_2$를 주입(注入)함으로서 모든 탈질생성물(脫窒生成物)은 $N_2O$로 탐지(探知)되었다. 2. 탈질계(脫窒系)를 물로 포화시켰을 때는 거의 모든 구(區)에서 탈질(脫窒)이 발생(發生)했으나, 자연상태(自然狀態)의 토양(土壤)column에서는 거의 탈질(脫窒)이 일어나지 않았다. 3. 요소(尿素)를 시비(施肥)한 후 13일(日)째로부터 16일(日)째 사이의 3일간(日間) 토양(土壤)column을 배양(培養)했을 경우 각(各) 구(區)의 평균(平均) 탈질양(脫窒量)은 4.2%였으며, 최대(最大)는 14.2%였다. 4. 탈질(脫窒)과 탈질계토양(脫窒系土壤)의 화학적성질(化學的性質)과의 사이에는 거의 상관(相關)이 없는 것으로 나타났으나 이는 토양(土壤)의 화학성(化學性)을 배양(培養)이 끝난 후에 행했기 때문인 것으로 판단(判斷)했다. A field study was conducted for 20 soil columns to investigate the denitrification in the grassland with a method introducing $C_2H_2$ in the denitrifying system. Since acetylene blocked the pathway from $N_2O$ to $N_2$, all the free products of denitrification consisted of nitrous oxide. In this study, denitrification was measured as $N_2O$. Results are as follows. 1. In most of boils examined, denitrification was observed as $N_2O$ when acetylene was introduced into the denitrification system while $N_2O$ was scarcely evolved without acetylene in the system. 2. Denitrification occurred even in the grassland soils when they were saturated with water. Denitrification was nil or negligible without water saturation. 3. Denitrification loss far 3 days incubation(from 13th to 16th day after urea application) was 4.2% in average and 14.2% in maximum. 4. Soil chemical properties such as nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total nitrogen, total carbon and mineralizable carbon did not show clear relationships with denitrificatien, probably since soil chemical properties were analysed for the soils after incubation.

Use of NIR Soil Analyzer for Measuring Chemical Properties of Field Soil

유관식,조래광,박우철,김복진,Ryu, Kwan-Shig,Cho, Rae-Kwang,Park, Woo-Churl,Kim, Bok-Jin 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

근적외 이용 토양분석기에 의한 토양수분, 유기물, 전질소 측정과 그 외 토양의 여러 가지 이화학 성분에 대한 측정결과를 검토하였다. 토양시료를 몰탈로 갈아서 토양입자를 0.2mm의 체를 통과시킨 140점의 토양시료를 85점은 근적외 토양분석기의 표준곡선을 작성하고 나머지 55점의 토양시료는 표준곡선을 이용하여 추정한 토양의 이화학성 중에서 토양수분, 토양 pH, 유기물, 전질소 CEC, 치환성 Ca, Mg, K 및 유효규산함량은 근적외 토양분석기로 동시에 추정할 수 있어 시비처방을 위한 토양의 비옥도를 판정하는데 유용하게 이용할 수 있을것으로 생각된다. The overall objective of this research was to show a NIR soil analyzer assessing soil fertility by measuring soil properties rapidly. A total of 140 soil samples were used to obtain calibrations and validation estimating soil properties. The soil samples were ground to pass 0.2mm sieve openings. Partial least square regression analysis was used to develop a calibration for soil analysis. The results indicated that NIR soil analyzer could be used as a routine method for quantitatively determining pH, OM, total nitrogen, CEC, extractable Ca, Mg, K, available $SiO_2$ and soil moisture simultaneously within one minute. Therefore, the NIR soil analyzer may be suitable for quick estimation of soil fertility estimation in fertilizer assessments.