The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

인삼(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) 신품종 고풍의 육성경과 및 생육특성

권우생(Woo-Saeng Kwon),이장호(Jang-Ho Lee),박찬수(Chan-Soo Park),양덕춘(Deok-Chun Yang) 고려인삼학회 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.2

To develop a new ginseng variety with good quality and high yielding, a lot of individual ginseng plant were selected in the farmers' fields in 1968. Among them, a promising line, 680-83-4, has been developed through comparative cultivation of several lines selected with pure line separation from local races in KT&G Central Research Institute, preliminary and advanced yield trials were performed for 8 years. 680-83-4 was designated as KG103, which was then registered as a new variety “Gopoong” with the regional yield and adaptation trials for 10 years (1981-1990) on December<br/> 27, 2000 in Korea. Gopoong has different phenotype of a dark violet stem and dark red fruit and inverted triangle shape of berries cluster as compared with other varieties. Taproot of Gopoong was longer than local race Jakyungjong, and root yield was 4.5% higher than local race Jakyungjong. In red ginseng quality, the rates of Chun-Jeesam grade(Chun and Jee means 1st and 2nd grade, respectively) were 16.6% and 9.4% for Gopoong and Jakyungjong, respectively. In these results, it was that Gopoong was superior ginseng line with good quality for manufacture of red ginseng.

조직과 문화의 관점에서 접근한 한국형 지식경영 모델 : IMF 사태에 대한 사례 분석을 중심으로 A case study of the IMF stand-by arrangement in Korea

전기정,현우식,장승권 한국생산성학회 1999 生産性論集 Vol.13 No.3

Using the knowledge management perspective, this study investigates the top level decision making process, which brought the financial crisis in Korea at late 1997. To analyze the characteristics of a Korean knowledge management, this study applies knowledge spaces for meta-knowledge, formalhformal organizations, and cultural spaces. Implicit knowledge and the role of informal organizations are regarded to be relatively more important in Korean knowledge management models. It, then, suggests the introduction of meta-knowledge mechanisms for the fluent circulation of knowledge.

외과의사의 기술적 요인과 선천성 식도폐쇄증 수술후 문합부 협착

전용순,김우기 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Background : Esophageal stricture is a common complication of anastomosis of the esophagus in esophageal atresia(EA). The factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis in the esophageal stricture include the poor anastomotic technique(excessive tension, two-layered anastomosis, silk suture material), ischemia at the end of the esophagus, anastomotic leak, and gastroesophageal reflux. Method : To evaluate the importance of the surgeon's technique affecting anastomotic stricture after primary repair in EA, we reviewed 69 patients with EA operated at Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital from April 1978 to June 1995 and analyzed statistically the effects of such variables as sex, age at admission, age at corrective surgery, birth weight, combined anomaly, duration from admission to operation, anastomotic leakage, postoperative complication except leakage and gastroesophageal reflux, on stricture. Results : Anastomotic stricture was developed in 36(52.2%) of 69 patients who underwent primary repair of EA. There was no statistically significant factor affecting anastomotic stricture. Conclusion : The importance of cautious surgical technique should be emphasized to prevent anastomotic stricture.

수종의 항진균제 치료에도 호전을 보이지 않는 만성 전신성 체부백선 1예

전세정,심우철,이은소,강원형 대한의진균학회 1998 대한의진균학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Chronic dermatophyte infection rarely fails to respond to topical or systemic antifungal therapy. Such refractory condition relates to many factors and one of them is the decreased response of delayed type hypersensitivity. A plausible mechanism by which the delayed hypersensitivity response may cause dermatophyte inhibition has been proposed already. Our patient had skin rashes for 6 years. It was diagnosed as tinea corporis and treated with various systemic antifungal agents, such as griseofulvin, itraconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine and topical forms of econazole and terbinafine. But the skin lesions did not resolve completely and reaggravated frequently. Numerous verrucae planae were found on face, neck and both extremities. Trichophyton rubrum was identified by fungus culture study. Laboratory examination showed no response against multi-CMI test, DPCP sensitization and prick test for trichophytons. We challenged the therapy with the combined antifungal agents and immune stimulatory drugs. This case is thought to be a chronic dermatophyte infection due to the defects in the both cell mediated immunity and immediate type hypersensitivity which is crucial for the host defence mechanisms against fungal infection. [Kor J Med Mycol 3(1): 43∼48]

비만여성들이 편측 웨이트 트레이닝후 신체구성 및 혈중 지질 농도의 변화

천우광,김기진 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1999 科學論集 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of unilateral weight training on the body composition and the concentration of blood lipid of obese women. Fourteen women with %fat over 30% participated in the experiment as subjects, and performed unilateral weight training and jogging for 8 weeks. Overall training included 2 weeks of pre-training session and 8 weeks of training session. During the training session, subjects participated in the 50 min training protocol 3 days a week. For each training protocol, the subject performed weight training of the right side, the intensity of which was 70% of 1 RM. The 1 RM was measured twice, prior to and 4 weeks after the beginning of the training session, and the measured data were used in adjusting the intensity of training. Blood lipid variables, skin fold thickness of 8 sites, and the girth of 10 body segments were also measured before, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the beginning of the training session. Results of the study were as the following: 1. Changes in the body composition 1) Thickness of skin fold The skin fold thickness was found to decrease after unilateral weight training in both trained and untrained sides. Although the skin fold thicknesses of the chest and biceps brachii of the trained side were shown to decrease significantly after 4 weeks of unilateral weight training compared to the untrained side, the difference in skin fold thicknesses between the trained and the untrained side was not significant after 8 weeks of training. 2) Body girth The unilateral weight training was shown to affect the girth of upper arm and ankle after 8 weeks of training, the trained side being decreased compared to the untrained side. However, the girth of other body parts was not affected by the unilateral weight training. 2. Changes in blood variables The blood lipid variables were not affected by the unilateral weight training. In conclusion, the unilateral weight training does not seem to have a selective effect on the reduction of fat in the trained side, and the decrease in the skin fold thickness and the girth of body parts in both trained and untrained sides seems to reflect the effect of the amount of overall exercise. Lack of the training effect on the blood lipid variables might have been due to the content and duration of the weight training program.

폴리카보네이트와 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트 혼합물의 상 분리 거동

천우종,안영철 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1999 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구에서는 메틸렌클로라이드(MC)와 테트라하이드로푸란(THF)을 용매로, 헵탄을 비용매로 사용하여 용액 캐스팅법과 용액 침전법으로 비스페톨-A계 폴리카보네이트(PC)와 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트(PMMA)의 혼합물을 만들어 그의 상거동을 미분주사열량계(DSC), 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경(SEM), 융점측정장치를 사용하여 관찰하고 이들의 혼합특성을 규명하였다. 높은 분자량의 폴리카보네이트와 폴리메틸메타크릴레이트는 테트라하이드로푸란을 용매로, 헵탄을 비용매로 한 용액 침전법을 사용하면 저온에서는 단상의 혼합물을 형성하지만 고온에서는 상분리가 일어난다. 흐림점의 측정에서 나타나는 상거동은 저분자 물질들로 구성된 혼합물에서는 좀처럼 관찰되지 않는 하한임계용액온도(LCST) 현상을 보이고 폴리카보네이트 함량이 아주 많거나 적을 경우를 제외하고는 180~190℃사이의 온도에서 상분리가 일어난다. Blends of bisphenol-A polycarbonates and poly(methy1 methacrylate) have been made by both the solution casting method and the solution precipitation method using methylene chloride and tetrahydrofuran as solvents and heptane as a non-solvent, and their phase behavior and miscibility have been observed and identified by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and melting point apparatus. The high molecular weight polycarbonate and the poly(methyl methacrylate) possibly form a blend of single phase at low temperature if prepared by the solution precipitation method using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent and heptane as a non-solvent, though phase separation occurs at high temperature. The cloud point of the blend shows a lower critical solution temperature(LCST) behavior which is hardly observed in a blend composed of low molecular weight materials, and the ranges of its LCST have been found to be 180-190 C except for the blends having particularly high or low content of polycarbonate

근대 이행기(1894~1919) 서울 시전 상업의 변화

전우용 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 2004 서울학연구 Vol.- No.22

The Sijeon, the stores licensed by the government, has dominated the commerce in the capital city as a national purveyor and retailer since the foundation of Choseon Dynasty. The dynasty government gave the government-licensed merchants various commercial preferential treatments instead of the levy of national service. Under the privileged commercial order connected to the state power, the government-licensed merchants could occupy a better position in the distribution of commercial profit. The privileged commercial order was threatened from the small domestic merchants. But, the persons who ultimately destroyed them were foreign merchants who advanced into Seoul after the opening of the ports. In progress of the Kap-o Reform of 1894 under the pressure of Japan, Geumnanjeongwon, a monopolistic commercial right, in Yukuijeon, Six Licensed Stores(in Seoul), was formally abolished. But, under the political power of progressive party, the privileged commercial order was preserved. The domestic merchants got used to the existing commercial practice, and they had no power of promoting the construction of new commercial order. As matters stood then, the government could not help utilizing the part of the merchants with the special right. After the collapse of the political power of Progressive party, the phenomenon that returned to the privileged commercial order has become salient all the more. The merchants in Yukuijeon tried to revert to the traditional practice. For accomplishing it, they established Imperial central general association in 1898. This organization took active part in formalizing the privileged commercial system centered on Yukuijeon. The government that had the ideas of achieving the 'modernization', taking advantage of the merchants' capital and their experiences made them recovered their privilege in various ways. The merchants in Sijeon could take part in the national projects under the control of the Imperial Household. And, they could make a profit by the administration of government funds in the nation and the Imperial Household. In this atmosphere the establishment of company by the partnership with the aristocratic officials and the merchants were in fashion at that time. However, as Japan that won in Russo-Japanese War set into motion a colonization work on Korea, the merchants in Sijeon' dream who hoped to grow as 'modern capitalists' under the support of State power was vain. The strong reform measure by Japanese imperialism played a role in transferring the tangible·intangible assets that they have accumulated to Japanese and the pro-Japanese profiteers as well as changing the merchants' situation in Sijeon swiftly. The small minority of merchants in Sijeon only who could adopt the new man of power as a supporter achieved success in changing into 'modern industrialists'. The absolute majority of the government licensed merchants were ousted from the shelter of power, and could not help competing with the rising industrialists-the youth of noble blood who gave up their dream to the government post, the sons of local magnates, and lower and middle class officials who ousted from their government posts- in the small markets permissive to the Korean. In general, they were collapsed and became 'survivors of the Dynasty'. The vocational association that is, the capital association in each store, that has been united in one for the hundreds of years ceased to exist, leaving the minute common property and mutual friendship only.

대한제국기∼일제초기 宣惠廳 倉內場의 형성과 전개

전우용 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 1999 서울학연구 Vol.- No.12

근대 이행기 서울의 객주와 객주업

전우용 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 2005 서울학연구 Vol.- No.24

This thesis is a study about how commission agencies, which are main streams of commercial development in the last period of the Chosun Dynasty era, cop with process of colonization since the opening of a port. Since the last period of the Chosun Dynasty era, Han river' s licensed agencies not only hold exclusive management authority for the goods that produced in each village but also collected unofficial tax from other agencies. Do-yo-Gak(都旅閣), which was set up per each regions and goods, was the committee and organization that collect unofficial tax from other agencies. After the opening of a port, Tong-ri-ah-moon (became Ministry of foreign affair later) prohibited the collection of unofficial tax by commission agencies and gradually unified the collection of tax from licensed agencies into Tong-ri-ah-moon. Licensed agencies in Han River area could be official for the authority of exclusive management and unofficial tax collection with based on taxation duty to Tongri-ah-moon. However, the change of circulation structure in area of Han River after the opening of a port was enough to setoff privilege that commission agencies in Han River area already acquired. Especially, the economic reformation in 1894 even deprived their formal authority that only remained as their authority. Innovational destruction of licensed agencies was performed and opportunity for peddler' s inn business was given to anybody. But, the reigns of Gab-o reformation faction in 1894 was ended in a short term and it was fortunate for commission agencies in Han River area. The reign of Kwang-mu, the next reign after Gab-o reformation faction, declared slogan " Refer newest things based on old things" and it means they want to return to prerogative order in commercial system. Although they recovered their exclusive rights, its quality has already been damaged very seriously. Since the Sino-Japanese War, the fact that Japanese merchants grasp commercial supremacy of Seoul was another disadvantage for privileged commission agencies. New commission agencies, which just opened their business, tried to concentrate on dealings with Japanese merchants than existing privileged commission agencies. Moreover, the process of colonization by Japanese Imperialism that was regularized after the Russia Japanese War was fatal blow for commission agencies in Han River area. Especially, railway system caused absolute decrease of water transport percentage. Accordingly, many of commission agencies moved to outside of Nam-Dae-Moon(South gate of Seoul) that is near railway station. At this point of time, the unity between commission agency and peddler' s inn business began to be destroyed rapidly. All sorts of commercial activities such as inn business, warehouse business, sales agent business and marketing agent business, private loan business, transportation business that are included in commission agent' s business in the last period of Chosun Dynasty era was divided into each fields. From that time, peddler' s inn business was restricted within " Dealing agent business with self liability". Financial strategy that was propelled by Japanese imperialism to colonize Korea promoted this kind of fact more seriously. Right after Japan colonized Korea, Principles of Chosun Company was enacted and it destroyed national circulation network that commission agencies built up with the basis of network system in the past. Japanese Imperialism just wanted simple function of commission agency, which just introduce Japanese product to Korean, as a subordinate business partner of Japanese merchants. Large-scaled sale agent business was assigned as one of business subjects by commercial company, marine company and warehouse company, large bank that are owned by Japanese, nobility and the pro-Japanese group only. It was so exceptional that commission agency achieved success under Japanese Colony. Only a few of them, who could link with Japanese capital and Japanese authority, could ride on ladder of success. Moreover, successful commission agencies were not anymore agencies themselves. They became big landlord or president of big bank or vice-president of any company. Even though commission agencies essentially disappears as commercial order of medieval times dissolute, their history of differentiation had been falsified and restricted by Japanese imperialism. And it was the situation that Seoul commission agencies experienced during the process of colonization by Japanese imperialism.