街路樹의 生育空問에 關한 硏究

임원현 경주대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study is to equip street trees which provide the good environment with citizen and to establish a rational management plan. In this study, each street tree of growing space, growing environment, surroundings, sort, size measurements are investigated and analyzed on the 14 streets, 21 street districs, 1,020 shares of street trees in Susunggu, Tae-gu city. The conclusions are as follows : Under the branch height that is recommended 2.5m as a standard hat is related with passing pedestrians holds more than a half of the whols investigated street. The restriction from structure and space of planted tree types were classified 3 typs which were the restriction from the standard and possessed things of road and plant's growing condition. Gisanro, Dongtaegoro, Susungro, Muhakro, Hwarangro, Daedomgro and Jungdongro were good but Heemangro, Myungdongro, Muyolro and Dongshinro were not good about the vivality index of a tree.

갯벌의 景觀價値에 關한 硏究

임원현 경주대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find the evaluative framework and to estimate the visual values of wetlands by using the travel cost methods and contingent valuation method. These methods were studied in order to more fully understand visual values of wetlands utilized in the public goods theory, in addition to understanding how the model is used to estimate the visual values of wetlands. the critical literature was reviewed and detailed findings were discussed for visual values of wetlands. This study addresses the visual values, or the visual, cultural, recreational, and educational values, of inland and costal wetland in the Korea. An ecological aesthetics perspective is proposed, based on evidence that information about natural and cultural processes associated with a landscape increases the aesthetic value of that landscape for the perceiver. Single significant visual values, as well as composit values, of wetlands were reviewed. Although emphasis will be placed on visual perception and visual quality of wetlands DEED and their landscape contexts, educational and recreational uses and values will also be discussed.

Crisis & Safety: A Study on the Change of the Urbanization Index according to the Increase or Decrease of Naturalized Plants

Hyangju Lee,Changjun Kim,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: This study was based on the flora survey data of 1,200 places (776 map index system numbers) over 12 years in the National Natural Environment Survey, Korea s largest basic research project on natural ecosystems. The researchers conducted this study to analyze the differences in the urbanization index by year, altitude, forest land ratio, and population density, investigate the correlations through curvilinear regression analysis, and predict the changes in the urbanization index. Method: The Urbanization Index is the ratio of naturalized plants in the research area to the total number of naturalized plant species (321 species) distributed in South Korea. This paper calculated the urbanization index using the method by Lim Yangjae and Jeon Uisik. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the differences in the urbanization index by categories. In addition, curvilinear regression analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between urbanization index and categories. The Spss Statistics 21 statistical program performed the above statistical analyses. Results: The urbanization index showed differences in four categories. In the correlation analysis, the correla-tion between the urbanization index and the years had a positive correlation in which the urbanization index in-creases every year. The urbanization index and the altitudes had a negative correlation in which the urbanization index decreases as the altitude increases. The urbanization index and the forest land ratios had a negative corre-lation in which the urbanization index decreases as the forest land ratio increases. The urbanization index and the population densities had a negative correlation in which the urbanization index decreases as the population density increases, but had a positive correlation in which it increases after a certain point in time. Conclusion: As a result of synthesizing the analyses, the relational formula created from the correlation analy-sis with the years was suitable for predicting the urbanization index. By applying the formula 𝑦=1.754+0.465𝑥(𝑦=urbanization index, 𝑥=year), the results of predicting the urbanization index were at 11.01 in 2025, 13.38 in 2030, 18.03 in 2040, and 22.68 in 2050. The urbanization index increased year by year.

Selection of URBANIZATION Indicator Species Through Naturalized Plant Distribution Analysis

Hyangju Lee,Changjun Kim,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: As the number of foreign plants adapted to the urban environment increased, urban plants that could grow and adapt to the city appeared. These plants invade the existing ecosystem and provide direct and indirect risk factors to plants and humans, such as vegetation disturbance in nature and cities and pollen allergy. This study is expected to be used as a standard for urbanization indicators by selecting indicator species through distribution analysis of naturalized plants. Method: This study was analyzed based on flora survey data for 12 years from 2006 to 2017, the 3rd to 4th National Natural Environment Survey period, including 1200 places(776 map index system num-bers). For distribution analysis of naturalized plants, matrix analysis was applied. The researchers ana-lyzed the number of species by frequency of appearance in 162 cities and counties and the number of species by frequency of appearance in 1200 places. In addition, this study classified the distribution grades by the matrix analysis and tried to select the urbanization indicator species by conducting the first and second stages of evaluation. Results: As a result of the second stage evaluation, 34 species were selected. There were 28 species with grades 2 to 3 in the distribution grade. There were 6 species with a naturalization rate of 15% or more and an appearance rate of 40% or more. Species with an urbanization index of 15% or more and an appearance rate of 40% or more were analyzed as 15 species. As a result of synthesizing the evaluation items, researchers selected 6 species as urbanization indicators species. Conclusion: The urbanization indicator species had a low distribution grade, and they had a high fre-quency of appearance in 17 administrative districts. Researchers selected species of high appearance rates in areas with high naturalization rates and species of high appearance rates in regions with high urbanization indexes. As a result, 6 species were selected, including Juncea, Supina, Coccinea, Great rag-weed, Common groundsel, and Asper.

A Study on the CHANGE in Plants of the Wind Power Complex in Mt. Hyeonjong

Changjun Kim,Hyangju Lee,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2020 Protection Convergence Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: To identify the changes in plants before, during, and after the wind farm construction in Mt. Hyeonjong, we investigated the number of plant species. And we studied the main characteristics of the distribution status in plants family composition, plant life form analysis, Korean endemic plant, rare plant, specific plants by phytogeography, naturalized plant, and invasive alien plants. We compared this data to confirm the change before or after the wind farm construction. Method: We conducted the plants form research 16times in five years. Before the wind farm construc-tion(2014 and 2015), during the wind farm construction(2017 and 2018), and after the wind farm con-struction(2019). Plants changes were analyzed based on the results obtained through field trips. Accord-ing to the national standard plant list, we listed plant names and scientific names(the Korea national arboretum & the plant taxonomic society of Korea 2015). We arranged the classification groups according to the Engler system. Based on the created plants list, the Korean endemic plant, rare plant, specific plants by phytogeography, naturalized plant, and invasive alien plants were extracted and analyzed. Results: The vascular plants decreased compared to before wind farm construction. Compositae was the most common category in plants family composition. Korean endemic plants decreased from 3 spe-cies before the construction to 2 species after the construction. Rare plants were investigated 4 species of Vulnerable species(VU) and 2 species of Least Concerned species(LC). Specific plants by phytogeogra-phy were surveyed the same as a total of 13 species. Naturalized plants decreased from 33 species to 20 species and 26 species. Then, they increased again. Conclusion: As a result of this study, the total plant species, Korean endemic plant, and rare plant growing were reduced in the wind farm section in Mt. Hyeonjong. However, many Naturalized plants and 1 and 2 years old herbage appeared in the area. So we found out that ecological stability was not yet stable, and the disturbance was continuing. In this study, the investigation period after wind farm con-struction is one year, which is a short time to observe and analyze plants succession state, and a follow-up study to examine the growth characteristics of plants more closely is needed.

Analysis of the Difference and Correlation by Altitude in the Species Number of Vascular Plants and Naturalized Plants in Korea

Hyangju Lee,Changjun Kim,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: By analyzing 1,441 flora survey data of the 3rd to 5th data of the National Natural Environ-ment Survey, the differences by region and altitude were analyzed in the species number of vascular plants and naturalized plants distributed throughout Korea, and the naturalization index. This study aimed to reveal the correlation by altitude in the species number of vascular plants, the species number of naturalized plants, and the naturalization index. Method: This study utilized the flora survey data for 14 years from 2006 to 2019 in the 3rd to 5th National Natural Environment Survey. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed by region and altitude to examine the differences in the species number of vascular plants, the species number of naturalized plants, and the naturalization index. Researchers performed curvilinear estimation regression analysis to find the correlation, and SPSS Statistics 21 statistical program was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were differences by region and altitude in the species number of vascular plants, the species number of naturalized plants, and the naturalization index. The species number of vascular plants had a positive correlation with an increase in the number of species as the altitude increased. The species number of naturalized plants had a negative correlation with a decrease in the number of species as the altitude increased. The naturalization index had a negative correlation that decreased up to a certain altitude, increased after that point, and then decreased again. Conclusion: As for vascular plants, the higher the altitude, the greater the species number of vascular plants, and the lower the altitude, the fewer vascular plant species. Conversely, as for naturalized plants, the lower the altitude, the greater the species number of naturalized plants, and the higher the altitude, the fewer naturalized plant species. In addition, as for the naturalization index, the lower the altitude, the higher the naturalization index, and the higher the altitude, the lower the naturalization index. This study is expected to be utilized as basic data for managing naturalized plants.

Consideration of GREENAREARATIO When Establishing an Urban Development Plan

Changjun Kim,Hyangju Lee,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2021 Protection Convergence Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Just as the natural environment is vital for people to live in, the park and green area, which are indicators for eco-friendly development, are essential when proceeding with urban development projects. Therefore, this study reviewed focusing on the park and green area ratio in the environmental impact assessment for urban development projects. Through this, we intended to provide a comprehen-sive guideline for environmental land use planning and design for urban development or residential land development projects and to guide plans and designs based on this. Method: The analysis was based on the environmental impact assessment, which was investigated for 145 urban development projects for 18 years from 2003 to 2020. We conducted a one -way ANOVA analysis to determine the difference between the green area rate by year, the green area rate by region, the population density by region, and the park area per person by region. Post-hoc analysis was per-formed by the Scheffe test. To conduct the above statistical analysis, we used the Spss Statistics 21 sta-tistics program. Results: The number of consultations on environmental impact assessment for urban development projects by year was the highest in 2006 and 2008, with 14 cases(9.66%). The green area rate by year was as high as 25.09% in 2005, 24.88% in 2007, and 22.73% in 2009. The green area rate by region was the highest in the Gangwon area with 22.63%, followed by 20.47% in the metropolitan area, 19.59% in the Honam area, and 19.51% in the Chungcheong area. The population density by region was the high-est with 2.10(person/m2) in the metropolitan area. Next the Gangwon area was 1.99(person/m2) and the Southeast area was 1.80(person/m2). The park area per person by region was the largest in the Honam area, with 10.93m2. Conclusion: The area of parks and green spaces is seen as the minimum standard stipulated by law. However, the high green area ratio and the difference in population density by region during active ur-ban development projects are to create a pleasant residential environment. Therefore, in a place with high population density, it is necessary to establish a high standard for securing green space to create a comfortable living environment. Also, in the case of parks, the location is essential as well as the area. Since green areas on slopes excluding parks in the green area ratio are difficult to use, we insist that green areas on slopes should be reduced, and park areas should be set high to create a pleasant resi-dential environment.

A Study on the Utilization Plan for Functionally Lost Reservoirs: Focused on Daegu and Gyeongbuk

Changjun Kim,Hyangju Lee,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: Korea has a climate with significant seasonal variation in precipitation. There were often difficulties in the agricultural season due to the lack of rainfall. Since ancient times, many reservoirs have been built for irrigation facilities. This study aims to suggest utilization plans by analyzing the size, pop-ulation of the surrounding area, the surrounding ecological grade, and accessibility for the functionally lost reservoirs. Method: Researchers analyzed 155 reservoirs with loss of function and low utilization among reser-voirs in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The reservoir size was classified based on the total storage amount of 50,000m3, and the surrounding area's population was based on 10,000 people. The ecological grade around reservoirs was based on the ecological and natural map of the Ministry of Environment, and the accessibility was classified based on road networks connected around reservoirs. Results: As a result of analyzing the functionally lost reservoirs by size, 10 places belonged to the 'upper' group, and 145 places belonged to the 'lower' group. By surrounding area's population, 28 places belonged to the 'upper' group, and 127 places belonged to the 'lower' group. By surrounding ecological grade, 93 places belonged to the 'upper' group, and 62 places belonged to the 'lower' group. By accessi-bility, 59 places belonged to the 'upper' group, and 96 places belonged to the 'lower' group. Conclusion: The 8 reservoirs can be used as water-friendly reservoirs with easy access. The 3 reservoirs can be used as leisure types with sufficient size. It would be able to use 11 ecological experience type sites and 79 ecological preservation type sites, considering nearby conditions. The 48 reservoirs can be used to supply electricity to nearby households. The 6 reservoirs can be used as an emergency type for drought. In this study, the utilization types of reservoirs were classified according to various conditions. However, as these are only a rough guide for the direction of reservoir use, further research is needed to refine the utilization plans or find alternatives according to the characteristics of each reservoir.

A Study on Awareness and Use of Edible Wild Vegetables in Special Forest Products

Jungran Park,Changjun Kim,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2023 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: Most processed wild vegetable products are dried, aged, and pickled vegetables. Developing processed wild vegetable foods is necessary to create new high-added value. Therefore, in this study, researchers tried to prepare basic data that can be utilized in various food manufacturing fields in the future through a survey of the awareness and use of edible wild vegetables that require the development of processed wild plants. Method: This paper investigated the awareness and use of wild vegetables, targeting adult men and women aged 20 or older residing in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The survey consisted of questions about the perception, the degree of recognition, and the actual use of wild vegetables. As for the wild vegetable items of the awareness survey, 20 kinds of wild vegetables were selected with high awareness and mainly growing naturally in the Gyeongbuk area. Wild vegetable crops' perception and recognition degree were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 27.0 program. Results: Regarding the degree of recognition of wild vegetables, 'Wild vegetables have a unique scent and taste' was the highest at 4.25. As a result of the knowledge survey for wild vegetable crops, 'Artemisia princeps,' 'Capsella bursa-pastoris,' 'Aralia elata', 'Allium monanthum,' 'Aster scaber', and 'Sedum sarmentosum' showed high awareness in the order. For purchase consideration, the 20s respondents of 61.3% considered 'freshness' the most. For purchase purposes, 'for salads' was the highest at 15.1% in the 30s, and 'for bibimbap' was 42.6% in the 60s and older. Most respondents did not use wild vegetables for 'green juice' and 'decoration.' 'For side dishes' was 70.4% in their 40s, the highest among all age groups(p<0.05). Conclusion: By investigating consumers' use and awareness of wild vegetables, the survey data can be used for distribution and marketing plans for edible wild vegetables, which are special forest products. In addition, the research results on the purchase purpose of wild vegetables, the actual use of wild vegetable products, and the degree of preference provide basic data for developing high-added-value products by using them in various processed foods and menu development.

A Comparative Study on the Operation Status and Users Perceptions of URBAN GARDEN FIELDS

Eyesoo Youn,Wookwang Cheon,Wonhyeon Lim J-INSTITUTE 2020 Protection Convergence Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: This study was conducted to present differences, problems, and improvement measures by investigating and comparing the operation status of public and private vegetable gardens operated com-munal gardens by the initiating entity. Method: This study collected data from prior studies, literature, media, interview with public officials, garden managers, and users, and on-site survey and conducted variance analysis, frequency analysis, and cross analysis. Results: The study found that urban vegetable garden users are mostly men, married couples, and families, and people aged between 40s and 70s. People with higher educational background tended to use them more, and the occupation of the users included employees of commercial businesses, the self-employed, and housewives. In the public-private comparison of the management and operation, allowing and using vinyl mulching was found to be a problem. In the public-private comparison of environment and facilities, it was found that the environment was similar, but the facilities were different from each other in the private sector. In comparing users perception, the public sector preferred the operation by local governments, while the private sector preferred the joint operation of the public and private sectors. The preferred area for sale was 17 to 33 square meters, and the inconvenient facilities were the toilets of the private sector. The activity satisfaction comparison showed that the effect of the use of urban gardens fields included being helpful for the production and sharing of safe agricultural products, health, and exercise, and helpful for mental health and providing exercise effects in terms of the health satisfac-tion. Conclusion: To sum up, urban agriculture is believed to spread the pluralistic value of agriculture, im-prove the urban environment, and help urban residents to utilize their leisure time and improve the qual-ity of life.