해양생물 종별정량 자료의 정도관리

이원호,양은진,YIH, WONHO,YANG, EUN-JIN 한국해양학회 2021 바다 Vol.26 No.3

한국연안 산 규조 Skeletonema Costatum 의 조도에 대한 생태적지위 성분의 종내 변이

이원호,심재형,YIH, WONHO,SHIM, JAE HYUNG 한국해양학회 1995 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

Final biomass yields (peak optical density) and growth rates (divisions/day) of seven clones of Skeletonema costatum from Korean coastal waters were measured to understand their intraspecific variations in the light intensity niche component under 25$^{\circ}C$ condition. Daily growth rates of 6 out of 7 S. costatum clones were maximum at 6000 lux while that of YS4, a neritic clone, was maximum at 9000 lux. The final biomass yields of 4 out of the 7 s. costatum clones were maximum at the lowest light intensity of 2000 lux. Minimum final biomass yields were found at 9000 lux in all the S. costatum clones other than an estuarine clone, HDC9. The intraspecific variations of the mean growth rate and mean final biomass yield under each of the three different light intensities in terms of the coefficient of variation were not greater than 10% in any of the 7 S. costatum clones.

한국의 지역해양학 발전을 위한 서지학적 노력

이원호,강동진,한상복,YIH, WONHO,KANG, DONG-JIN,HAHN, SANGBOK D. 한국해양학회 2019 바다 Vol.24 No.3

Iron-Limited Biomass Yields of Marine Phytoplankton Clones

이원호,래리 이 브랜드,YIH, WONHO,BRAND, LARRY E. The Korean Society of Oceanography 1993 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

The final biomass yields of 16 marine phytoplankton clones were measured in media with different levels of iron and phosphorus concentrations. The biomass yields of oceanic clones were either only slightly limited or not limited by iron, and those of coastal clones were severely limited by iron in all photogenetic groups other than cyanobacteria. By contrast oceanic cyanobacteria clones as well as coastal clones required higher iron concentrations: minimum concentrations of iron addition for detectable growth of the Synchronous species were estimated to fall between $10^{-9}{\;}and{\;}10^{-8}{\;}M$. Not only the habitat differences (oceanic-coastal trends) but also the photogenetic differences of the oceanic phytoplankton species in the response to the iron enrichments deserve very careful attention before ocean iron fertilization.

Analysis of toxin components from dinoflagellate Dinophysis caudata using liquidchromatography/mass spectrometry

Buyng-su Hwang,Hyobin Kim,Wonho Yih,Hyung Seop Kim,Jung-Rae Rho 대한조선학회 2012 대한조선학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2012 No.5

Cyanopeptoline CB071: A Cyclic Depsipeptide Isolated from the Freshwater Cyanobacterium <i>Aphanocapsa</i> sp.

Choi, Hyukjae,Oh, Sun Kwan,Yih, Wonho,Chin, Jungwook,Kang, Heonjoong,Rho, Jung-Rae The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2008 Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.56 No.8

<P>Cyanopeptolin CB071 (1), a trypsin inhibitor, was isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium <I>Aphanocapsa</I> sp. Its complete structure was determined by detailed NMR spectroscopy and MS analyses, along with chemical reactions. The compound showed inhibition of trypsin at a concentration of IC<SUB>50</SUB>=2.5 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL>.</P>

해양생태계 모니터링을 위한 식물플랑크톤 자료의 정도 관리 동향

이원호,박종우,성경아,박종규,유영두,김형섭,YIH, WONHO,PARK, JONG WOO,SEONG, KYEONG AH,PARK, JONG-GYU,YOO, YEONG DU,KIM, HYUNG SEOP 한국해양학회 2021 바다 Vol.26 No.3

1880년대에 들어서서 해양 식물플랑크톤의 기능적 중요성이 처음 주창된 이래, 전통적인 형태 관찰법 및 진보된 형태 자동분석 기술을 기반으로 하여 다량의 식물플랑크톤 종별 정량자료가 생산되었다. 최근에는 해수시료 중의 색소를 직접 분석하거나 원격탐사 자료를 해석하여 색소특성에 따른 분류군별 정량자료를 생산함으로써, 자료생산 방법이 점점 다양해지고 자료 확보 대상 정점에 대한 시공간적 접근성도 크게 개선되고 있다. 장기적인 해양생태계 모니터링에서 식물플랑크톤의 종별 정량자료가 생산된 경우도 적지 않아, 각각의 해역에서 중장기적인 해양 식물플랑크톤의 구조와 기능의 변동에 대한 중요한 증거로 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 모니터링 기간 전체에 걸친 연대별 자료 생산자 간의 차이로 인해 이러한 자료의 활용성이 제한될 수 있는데, 시료 처리 및 분석법, 종의 확인 및 분류, 분석이 완료된 시료의 관리 등의 다양한 측면에서 연대별 생산자 간의 편차가 적지 않다. 해양 식물플랑크톤의 종별 정량자료 값을 정확하게 구하기 위한 심도있는 연구는 1880년대 후반 Victor Hensen이 시작한 것으로 평가된다. 정확도를 포함한 해양 식물플랑크톤 자료의 정도 관리에 관한 국제적인 논의는 ICSU의 SCOR Working Group 33을 중심으로 1969년에 시작되었다. 첫 결실로 UNESCO 해양과학기술보고서 제18편이 1974년 출판되었는데, 이는 UNESCO의 해양학 방법론의 전문연구서적 제6편인 Phytoplankton Manual 출판의 실마리였다. 1990년대 말에는 ISO 기준에 따른 해양 식물플랑크톤 종별 정량자료의 정도관리를 달성하여, 국제적인 자료의 상호비교 및 교정을 가능하게 하려는 수행기구인 IPI (International Phytoplankton Intercomparison)의 전신인 BEQUALM 사업이 유럽에서 본격 출범하였다. IPI는 지난 20여 년간의 경험과 실적을 바탕으로 정도관리 기준을 모든 나라에서 적용할 수 있도록 국제협력을 강화해 나가고 있다. 우리나라의 해양화학 분야 측정자료의 정도관리 체계와 내용이 잘 정립된 데 비하여, 해양생물의 종별 정량자료에 대한 본격적인 정도관리 체계는 아직 법제화 단계에 이르지 못하고 있다. 우선, 해양생태계의 기초 생산자인 식물플랑크톤의 종별 정량자료에 대한 정도관리 체계를 확립하고, 다양한 기능생물군으로 이를 확장해 나갈 필요가 있다. Since the functional importance of marine phytoplankton was firstly advocated from early 1880s massive data on the species composition and abundance were produced by classical microscopic observation and the advanced auto-imaging technologies. Recently, pigment composition resulted from direct chemical analysis of phytoplankton samples or indirect remote sensing could be used for the group-specific quantification, which leads us to more diversified data production methods and for more improved spatiotemporal accessibilities to the target data-gathering points. In quite a few cases of many long-term marine ecosystem monitoring programs the phytoplankton species composition and abundance was included as a basic monitoring item. The phytoplankton data could be utilized as a crucial evidence for the long-term change in phytoplankton community structure and ecological functioning at the monitoring stations. Usability of the phytoplankton data sometimes is restricted by the differences in data producers throughout the whole monitoring period. Methods for sample treatments, analyses, and species identification of the phytoplankton species could be inconsistent among the different data producers and the monitoring years. In-depth study to determine the precise quantitative values of the phytoplankton species composition and abundance might be begun by Victor Hensen in late 1880s. International discussion on the quality assurance of the marine phytoplankton data began in 1969 by the SCOR Working Group 33 of ICSU. Final report of the Working group in 1974 (UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine Science 18) was later revised and published as the UNESCO Monographs on oceanographic methodology 6. The BEQUALM project, the former body of IPI (International Phytoplankton Intercomparison) for marine phytoplankton data QA/QC under ISO standard, was initiated in late 1990. The IPI is promoting international collaboration for all the participating countries to apply the QA/QC standard established from the 20 years long experience and practices. In Korea, however, such a QA/QC standard for marine phytoplankton species composition and abundance data is not well established by law, whereas that for marine chemical data from measurements and analysis has been already set up and managed. The first priority might be to establish a QA/QC standard system for species composition and abundance data of marine phytoplankton, then to be extended to other functional groups at the higher consumer level of marine food webs.

DOES <i>DINOPHYSIS CAUDATA</i> (DINOPHYCEAE) HAVE PERMANENT PLASTIDS?¹

Park, Myung Gil,Kim, Miran,Kim, Sunju,Yih, Wonho Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of phycology Vol.46 No.2

<P>The marine photosynthetic dinoflagellates <I>Dinophysis</I> Ehrenb. species are obligate mixotrophs that require both light and the ciliate prey <I>Myrionecta rubra</I> (= <I>Mesodinium rubrum</I>) for long-term survival. Despite rapid progress on the study of <I>Dinophysis</I> using laboratory cultures, however, whether it has its own permanent plastids or kleptoplastids (i.e., stolen plastids from its ciliate prey) is not fully resolved. Here, we addressed this issue using established cultures of <I>D</I>.<I> caudata</I> Saville-Kent strain DC-LOHABE01 and cross-feeding/starvation experiments encompassing the prey <I>M</I>. <I>rubra</I> strain MR-MAL01 cultures grown on two different cryptophytes (strains CR-MAL01 and CR-MAL11). To follow the fate of prey plastids, <I>psb</I>A gene as a tracer was amplified from individually isolated <I>D</I>. <I>caudata</I> cells, and the PCR products were digested with a restriction enzyme, SfaNI. The RFLP pattern of the PCR products digested by SfaNI revealed that <I>D</I>. <I>caudata</I> continued to keep CR-MAL01–type plastids, while it lost CR-MAL11–type plastids with increasing starvation time. Our results suggest that <I>Dinophysis</I> treats in different ways plastids taken up from different cryptophytes via its ciliate prey <I>M</I>. <I>rubra</I>. Alternatively, <I>D</I>. <I>caudata</I> may already have its own CR-MAL01–type permanent plastid, with two types of plastids (CR-MAL01 and CR-MAL11) obtained from <I>M</I>. <I>rubra</I> being lost within 1 month. This result highlights the need to identify more accurately the origin of plastids in newly isolated photosynthetic <I>Dinophysis</I> species to resolve the issue of plastid permanence.</P>

Analysis of toxin components from dinoflagellate Dinophysis caudata using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Buyng-su Hwang,Hyobin Kim,Wonho Yih,Hyung Seop Kim,Jung-Rae Rho 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

20세기 전반 한국 근해역 플랑크톤의 식물수문학적 연구

박종우,김형섭,이원호,PARK, JONG WOO,KIM, HYUNG SEOP,YIH, WONHO 한국해양학회 2019 바다 Vol.24 No.3

권근 등이 1402년 작성한 것으로 알려진 <혼일강리역대국도지도>가 아프리카 대륙의 온전한 모습을 최초로 표현한 세계지도라고 인정될 정도로 범세계적 안목이 탁월하였던 우리 민족이었음에도 불구하고, 우리나라 근해역에 대한 단순 해도작성의 차원을 넘어서는 해양학적 조사를 프랑스 사람이 1787년경에 처음 시작하게 되었으며, 근해역 식물플랑크톤의 수문학적 연구는 1913년 일본인 소유 회사가 "동경-제주근해-상해 정점 조사"를 수행한데서 비롯된 것으로 추정된다. 이는 식물플랑크톤 해양학의 산실인 유럽에서 1889년 최초로 이루어진 대양역 식물플랑크톤의 수문학적 연구에 비해 25년의 후의 일이었다. 1915년 황해 전역 조사를 시작한 이후, 1921년부터 동해 전역을 대상으로 하는 80개 정점의 플랑크톤 시료 채취 등 수문학적 관점의 연구가 본격적으로 시도되었다. 특히, 1932년에는 부산에서 시작하여 사할린섬 남단에 이르는 동해 전체의 78개 정점에 대하여 수층별로 물리, 화학, 생물 해양학적 동시조사를 실시하여, 본격적인 식물플랑크톤 수문학적 연구를 수행하였다. 1932년 5-9월에는 별도의 해양조사를 통해, 한국 남해안과 동해의 서부해역을 망라하는 총 120여개 정점에서 해류조사를 실시하면서 플랑크톤 분포조사를 병행함으로써, 해류와 플랑크톤 분포 간의 상관성을 분석하고 도시하였다. 이런 규모의 조사 연구는 점차 확대 심화되어 1933-1934년에는 동해에서 명태자원 추정을 위한 기초 생태계 조사의 일부분으로 해양플랑크톤의 수문학적 조사를 실시하였다. 이러한 조사 연구의 열기는 1943년까지 조금도 변함이 없었으며, 1945년 조사된 자료를 정리한 보고서를 일본 동경에서 1967년에 발행하기까지 하였다. 1950년 이후 70여년이 지난 지금은 이제까지 축적된 모든 해양관측 및 생물수문학적 정보와 자료를 보다 세심하게 분석하고 종합하여 미래의 새로운 여건에 대비할 필요가 있는 전환기적 시점인 것 같다. 이와 더불어 서지학적 정보의 측면에서는, 전문학회가 중심이 되어 관련 전문분야에 대한 서지 및 서지역사 기록을 체계적으로 정리하고 매 30여년마다 갱신해 나가는 일은 매우 중요하다. From the cosmopolitan superiority of the <Honil gangni yeokdae gukdo jido> as the first world map completed in 1402 with surprisingly detailed images and contents on the Africa Continent it is reasonable to think that the Koreans in early fifteen century were already with highly up-to-date perspectives on the universe and world history and cultures. However, some 490 year later the first phytohydrographic plankton investigation in the neritic seas of Korea was performed by a Japanese company with sampling points covering from Tokyo Bay through Jeju neritic waters to Shanghai estuary, which was in turn preceded by the first oceanographic investigation other than the simple mapping Koreans seas by using two French sailboats. The first phytohydrographic plankton investigation in Korean seas were behind the world first oceanic plankton exploration, the German Plankton Expedition, by 25 years. Starting from the oceanographic investigation including phytohydrographic samplings in the whole Yellow Sea in 1915 the full-scale phytohydrographic plankton studies were tried in Korean seas which is well represented by the 1921 oceanographic investigation on the whole East Sea with 80 sampling stations. In 1932 two separate oceanographic investigations followed, one in the East Sea where 78 stations from Busan to southern Sakhalin Island were simultaneously visited by 50 research vessels for the physical, chemical, and biological oceanographic studies, and the other one in southern coast and western East Sea of Korea where ocean current observation as well as plankton sampling were made in 120 stations to understand the relationship between the ocean current and plankton distribution in the region. In 1933-1934 more intensified investigations on phytohydrography were carried out particularly in the East Sea as an integral part of the basic marine ecosystem studies for the Myeong-Tae (Alaska Pollock) resources estimation. Scientists' attitude for the marine investigation and research activities seemed to be almost unchanging even to the year 1943, which could be reflected by the fact that publication of the results from the investigations performed in 1945 were finally done in 1967 at Tokyo. Some 70 years later from the mid-twenty century we might be standing on the turning-point of "need to be prepared" for the new era of changing paradigm by reviewing, archiving, and analyzing the prior information big data from the previous ocean observation and biohydrographic investigations. At the same time each professional societies for the above mentioned sciences might trigger a continuous project to reorganize and update the records on related bibliography and its history every 30 years.