Cloning and mRNA Expression Analysis of the Gene Encoding Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase of the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake

( Hyeok Jun Yoon1 ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.8

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake grows symbiotically with Pinus densiflora. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.24) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. The role of fungal phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, however, has not been clear until now. In this study, the gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), which was isolated from T. matsutake, was cloned and characterized. The PAL gene (tmpal) consists of 2,160 nucleotides, coding for a polypeptide containing 719 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of tmpal from T. matsutake shows high identity (70%) with that from Laccaria bicolor. Comparative analysis of the PAL genes among T. matsutake and other species of the class Agaricomycetes showed that both active sites and binding sites were significantly conserved among these genes. The transcriptional analysis of the PAL gene revealed a differential gene expression pattern depending on the developmental stages (mycelium, primordium, stipe, pileus, and gills) of T. matsutake. These results suggest that the PAL gene in T. matsutake plays an important role in multiple physiological functions.

온수배관을 이용한 온실의 난방성능

윤용철(Yong Cheol Yoon),신익수(Yik Soo Shin),김현태(Hyeon Tae Kim),배승범(Seoung Beom Bae),최진식(Jin Sik Choi),서원명(Won Myung Suh) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2012 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 온실의 난방 에너지 절감을 목적으로 온실 내부에 알루미늄 온수배관을 설치하여 난방효과에 대한 기초자료를 구축하고자 수행되었다. 그 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전체 실험을 포함하여 온실내의 높이별 온도편차는 4.0~7.0℃ 정도의 범위로서 그 차이가 크게 나타났다. 팬코일유니트(FCU)를 작동시킨 경우가 작동시키지 않은 경우에 비해 유출입수의 온도차가 3.3℃ 정도 크고, 소비전력량은 36.2~40.1% 정도 증가하였으며, 시간당 방열량은 44.6~52.0% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험기간동안 순환유량은 0.48~0.49L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었고, 평균유속은 1.53~1.56m · s<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도였다. 유출입수의 평균 온도차는 6.24~11.50℃이었다. 최저 외기온 ?14.0~?0.6℃ 범위에서 설정온도별 방열량은 135,930~307,150㎉ 정도의 범위로서 시간당 9,610~19,630㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> 정도의 범위에 있었다. 이것은 최대난방부하의 약 23~53% 정도의 난방에너지를 공급할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 전체 방열량과 소비전력량은 각각 2,548,306㎉ 및 3,075.7㎾h이다. 화석연료인 경유로 난방할 경우, 소요되는 경유의 총 소비량은 281.6L 정도이고 비용은 321,000won인 것으로 나타났다. 농가용 전력요금을 적용하면 전력사용에 대한 총비용은 110,730won 정도로서 경유 소비 비용의 33.5% 정도로 나타났다. 실험구의 온도가 대조구보다 약 8.3~14.6℃ 정도 높게 나타났다. This research was conducted to obtain basic data with regard to the heating performance that would be produced by installing an aluminum hot water pipe inside the greenhouse with the goal of reducing the heating energy in greenhouse. The research results are summarized as follows. The degree of difference in relation to the temperature by height within the greenhouse during the entire experiment was significant - within the range of 4.0~7.0℃. The temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was about 3.3℃ greater when FCU was activated compared to when it was not activated. Meanwhile, the amount of energy consumed increased about 36.2~40.1%. The amount of pyrexia per hour also increased by 44.6~52.0%. During the experiment period, circulated flux was within the range of 0.48~0.49 L · s<SUP>?1</SUP> while average fluid speed was 1.53~1.56 m · s<SUP>?1</SUP>. The average temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water was 6.24~11.50℃. The amount of heating value by each set temperature within the minimum outdoor temperature range of ?14.0~?0.6℃ was 135,930~307,150 ㎉, and the range was within the 9,610~19,630 ㎉ · h<SUP>?1</SUP> per hour. This demonstrated that about 23~53% heating energy of the maximum heating load could be supplied. Total radiating value and amount of energy consumed were 2,548,306 ㎉ and 3,075.7 ㎾h, respectively. When heating takes place using oil, which is a fossil fuel, the total amount of light oil consumed was 281.6 L while the cost was 321,000 won. When the electricity cost for farms is applied, the total cost was about 110,730 won, which is about 33.5% of the cost required compared to oil consumption. The temperature at in the experiment area was about 8.3~14.6℃ higher compared to that of the control area.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Histone H1 Correlates with Internucleosomal DNA Fragmentation during Apoptosis

Yoon, Yoo Sik,Kim, Jin Woo,Kang, Ke Won,Kim, Young Sang,Choi, Kyung Hee,Joe, Cheol O 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1997 생물공학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

The biochemical role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on internucleosomal DNA fragmentation associated with apoptosis was investigated in HL 60 human premyelocytic leukemia cells. It was found that UV light and chemotherapeutic drugs including adriamycin, mitomycin C, and cisplatin increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins, particularly histone H1. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide, prevented both internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and histone H1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in cells treated with the apoptosis inducers. When nuclear chromation was made accessible to the exogenous nuclease in a permeabilized cell system. chromatin of UV-treated cells was more susceptible to micrococcal nuclease than the chromatin of control cells. Suppression of histone H1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by 3-aminobenzamide reduced the micrococcal unclease digestibility of internucleosomal chromatin in UV-treated cells. These results suggest that the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histone H1 correlates with the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation during apoptosis mediated by DNA damaging agents. This suggestion is supported by the finding that xeroderma pigmentosum cells which are defective in introducing incision at the site of DNA damage, failed to induce DNA fragmentation as well as histone H1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation after UV irradiation. We propose that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of histone H1 protein in the early stage of apoptosis facilitates internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by increasing the susceptibility of chromatin to cellular endonuclease.

수치모형을 이용한 사방댐 설치위치에 따른 토석류 저감량 분석

Won Jun Tak,Kye W on Jun,Byung Sik Kim,Yong Ho Yoon 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.4

최근 국내에서는 이상기온으로 인한 국지성 폭우와 여름철 태풍 및 집중호우로 인한 다양한 재해가 발생되고 있으며 재해유형중에서도 산지재해에 속하는 토석류가 급증하고 있다. 토석류는 산지에서 일어나는 것으로 한정하기 쉬우나, 도심과 인접한 산지지역에서 토석류가 발생하여 도심지 및 고속 도로, 교량 등에 큰 피해를 불러오기도 한다. 이처럼 토석류는 산지와 도심지 모두 발생 위험성이 높고 피해범위 또한 예측이 쉽지 않아 토석류에 대해 여러분야로 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이 중에 서도 토석류를 제어하는 가장 효과적인 구조물로 토석류 유출방지시설에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어 지고 있지만 토석류가 발생하거나 또는 토석류 위험지역의 유역특성이나 현장여건을 적용한 토석류 유출저감시설의 위치에 대한 연구는 미비한 상태이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 토석류 수치모형을 이용하여 토석류 발생시 이동 메커니즘과 토석류 유출방지시설의 위치별 저감효과를 분석하였다. Recently, South Korea has been facing a range of disasters caused by localized heavy rainfalls, tropical typhoon, and torrential downpours. In particular, debris flows disasters usually occurring in the mountains have rapidly increased during the past few years. However, debris flows are also observed in mountainous areas near cities, bringing significant damages to city centers, highways, bridges, etc. Thereby, debris flows can lead to high risk in both mountainous areas and city centers. In addition, difficulties in debris-flow forecasting increase the need for numerical studies on debris flows. Although various researches have widely been conducted on run-off control facilities for debris flows, it is necessary to focus more on research that would identify an ideal location for debris flow runoff reduction facilities based on basin characteristics or site conditions for the debris flow areas. In this regard, this research used a debris flow numerical model to identify the transfer mechanism of debris flows and analyzed the debris flow reduction effect of runoff control facilities by the installation location.

The Exit Bending Phenomenon in Bicomponent Polymer Melt Flow

Yoon, Won-Sik,Cho, Jae-Whan 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1984 연구보고 Vol.12 No.1

두 종류의 용융高分子 物質을 die를 통하여 接合型으로 吐出시킬때 die出口에서 일어나는 휨現象을 指數法則流體를 模型으로 하여 理論式으로 展開, 解析하였다. 휨角은 consistent factor와 ratio of extrudate swelling 각각에 대하여 증가함을 보여주고, phase portion에 대하여서는 極값을 가짐을 알 수 있다. 模型의 power index가 감소함에 따라 휨角이 증가함을 알 수 있다.

Biocatalytic Production of Aldehyde by a Methanol Utilizing Yeast, Hansenula nonfermentans KYP-1 Grown in Methanol-limited Continuous Culture

Yoon, Byung Dae,Kim, Hee Sik,Kwon, Tae Jong,Yang, Ji Won,Kwon, Gi Seok,Lee, Hyun Sun,Ahn, Jong Seog,Mheen, Tae Ick 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1992 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.2 No.4

Aldehyde production by cells of a methanol utilizing yeast, Hansenula nonfermentans KYP-1 was improved when they were grown in a methanol-limited continuous culture, in comparison with cells grown in a batch culture. A higher cell yield was also obtained in continuous culture than in batch culture. This could be due to the fact that a lower methanol concentration was maintained in the jar fermentor to minimize growth inhibition by methanol. A maximum cell productivity of 0.219 g·liter^-1·hr^-1 and a cell yield of 47% were obtained at dilution rates of 0.1 hr^-1 and 0.06 hr^-1, respectively. The greatest amount of aldehyde was measured at a dilution rate of 0.08 hr^-1. Under optimum reaction conditions, 915.7 mM of acetaldehyde was produced from 1.5 M ethanol after 21 hours' reaction, with a conversion rate of 61%. Propionaldehyde and acrolein were produced with conversion rates of 32.7% and 44%, respectively.

A Reconfigurable Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna With a Slotted Ground Plane

Won-Sang Yoon,Jung-Woo Baik,Hun-Sung Lee,Seongmin Pyo,Sang-Min Han,Young-Sik Kim IEEE 2010 IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters Vol.9 No.-

<P>This letter describes a square patch antenna with a switchable circular polarization (CP) sense. The proposed antenna has four L-shaped slots on the ground plane, and the CP radiation can be generated by current perturbation due to the slotted ground plane. Because the CP sense of the proposed antenna is altered by the current path that is redirected with switched p-i-n diodes on the slots, the CP direction of the proposed antenna can be simply switched between the right-handed and left-handed CPs. As the slot and bias circuits are not placed on the patch side, the proposed antenna has a simple structure and can radiate a CP wave without altering the main beam direction. The experimental results show that antennas have excellent switchable radiation performance at 2.4 GHz.</P>

Poster Session:PS 0495 ; Nephrology : Transgenic Mice with High Endogeous Omega-3 Fatty Acid are Protected from Ischemia Reperfusion Induced Acute Kidney Injury

( Won Min Hwang ),( Se Hee Yoon ),( Dong Mee Lim ),( Kwang Sik Yoo ),( Seung Yun Han ),( Jae Ku Kang ),( Sung Ro Yun ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common clinical event and has high mortality rate despite advanced curative strategies. Several studies found that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet reduces kidney dysfunction followed by ischemic injury. However oral appliance of omega-3 PUFA, in fact, can cause much variability arisen from diet procedure. Fat-1 transgenic mouse produce abundant omega-3 PUFA, result in balanced omega-6: omega-3 ratio than wild type mouse. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to see whether omega-3 PUFA has advantages in AKI caused by ischemic injury using fat-1 transgenic mice. Methods: Bilateral kidneys were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia by clipping of both renal arteries, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) was performed. Animals (fat-1 mice and C57BL/6 mice) are sacrificed 24 and 72 h of reperfusion. The effects of omega-3 PUFA on renal IRI were evaluated in terms of renal function, tubular necrosis, infi ammatory cell infi ltration. After that, renal function and severities of renal injury were estimated. Results: Fat-1 mice could reduce to increased BUN, serum creatinine and tissue Kim-1 levels(figure), and reduce neutrophil infi ltration in body after IRI, compared with Wild Type mice. Conclusions: Long-term and high dose of omega-3 supplement can protect renal function and facilitate renal recovery following IRI.

Effectiveness of Bivalent mRNA Booster Vaccine Against COVID-19 in Korea

Yoon Jin Gu,Sohn Jang Wook,Choi Won Suk,Wie Seong-Heon,Lee Jacob,Lee Jin-Soo,Jeong Hye Won,Eom Joong Sik,Seong Hye,Nham Eliel,Choi Yu Jung,Noh Ji Yun,Song Joon Young,Cheong Hee Jin,Kim Woo Joo 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.3

Background: Bivalent booster mRNA vaccines containing the omicron-variant strains have been introduced worldwide in the autumn of 2022. Nevertheless, the omicron subvariants evoked another large coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave in late 2022 and early 2023. Methods: A retrospective, test-negative, case-control study was conducted to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in 8 university hospitals between January and February 2023. The case and control groups were divided based on nasopharyngeal COVID-19 real-time polymerase chain reaction results and matched based on age, sex, hospital, and date (week) of the test performed. The VE of the BA.1- or BA.4/BA.5- based mRNA vaccines were estimated. VE was calculated using the 1−adjusted odds ratio from multivariable logistic regression. Results: In total, 949 patients and 947 controls were enrolled in this study. VE for the BA.4/ BA.5-based bivalent mRNA vaccine was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17, 61%). In subgroup analysis based on age and underlying medical conditions, BA.4/BA.5-based bivalent mRNA vaccine was effective against old adults aged ≥ 65-years (VE, 55%; 95% CI, 23, 73%) and individuals with comorbidities (VE, 54%; 95% CI, 23, 73%). In comparison, the BA.1-based bivalent mRNA vaccine did not demonstrate statistically significant effectiveness (VE, 25%; 95% CI, −8, 49%). Conclusion: The BA.4/BA.5-based bivalent mRNA booster vaccine provided significant protection against COVID-19 in the Korean adults, especially in the older adults aged ≥ 65 years and in individuals with underlying medical conditions.

3,7-Dithiophen-2-yl-1,5-dialkyl-1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-dione (NTDT)

Won Sik Yoon,Dong Won Kim,Soo Young Park 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2