Oxidative Stress and Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Leaves of Three Edible Canna Cultivars under Drought Stress

Wene Zhang,Zhiguo Tian,Xuejun Pan,Xiuming Zhao,Fei Wang 한국원예학회 2013 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.54 No.1

The physiological responses of three edible canna cultivars (Canna edulis ker. cv. ‘PLRF’, ‘Xingyu-1’, and ‘Xingyu-2’) to continuous drought stress for 35 days were investigated by characterizing the water saturation deficit (WSD), relative electrical conductivity (REC), superoxidative radical content (SRC), ascorbic acid (AsA) content,glutathione (GSH) content and protein content. It was observed that WSD, REC, SRC progressively increased in the upper leaves of three cultivars under both control and drought treatments. The content changes of AsA, GSH and water soluble protein were lower in ‘Xingyu-2’ than in ‘Xingyu-1’ and ‘PLRF’, in upper leaves than in lower leaves. Compared with control, drought stress aggravated these physiological changes in all three cultivars. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between indexes except for protein content, which significantly correlated only with SRC. These indicated that drought stress directly led to water loss, and then the REC increased, while the GSH and AsA played major roles in removing the SRC. These results revealed that ‘Xingyu-2’ was more tolerant to drought stress than ‘PLRF’ and ‘Xingyu-1’,and the lower leaves were more sensitive than the upper leaves. The present study not only provides new insights into mechanisms of acclimation and tolerance to drought stress in edible canna but also provides clues for improving drought tolerance of edible canna through breeding or genetic engineering.

Screening of submergence tolerant rice under artificial condition based on multiple selection indices

Rina Hapsari Wening,Indrastuti Apri Rumanti,Bambang Sapta Purwoko,Willy Bayuardi Suwarno,Nurul Khumaida 한국육종학회 2019 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4

Flooding often occurs during the vegetative stage in freshwater swamps and rainfed lowlands, and therefore submergencetolerant rice varieties are needed. This study was aimed at evaluating rice lines to submergence stress. The experiments wereconducted at ICRR experimental station in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java, each in different environmental conditions: (1) submergencecondition, which was conducted in a submergence pool and (2) optimal condition, which was conducted in the irrigationfield. Ninety-five lines and four check varieties, namely Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub1, IR42, Limboto, and IR20 were used. An augmenteddesign with five blocks was followed in each environment. Three selection methods were used: (1) selection based on survival rate andvigor, (2) selection based on productivity under submergence and sensitivity index on productivity character, (3) selection based on theweighted selection index using sensitivity index variables of morphological and agronomic characters. The clustergram analysis withheatmaps method was used to compile of three previous selection methods to facilitate scientist in clarifying tolerant and sensitive lines. There were eighteen lines selected as tolerant to submergence stress, i.e., line no. 9, 15, 34, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61,62, 89, and 90. These lines are considered promising for breeding improved rice varieties tolerant to submergence.

유럽 92-단일시장이 EC 회원국들과 EC의 무역상대국들에 미치게 될 효과

알로이스 베니히(Alois Wening) 동국대학교 경영연구원 1989 경영과 사례연구 Vol.13 No.1

Antioxidant Mechanism and Lipid Peroxidation Patterns in Leaves and Petals of Marigold in Response to Drought Stress

Zhiguo Tian,Fei Wang,Wene Zhang,Changming Liu,Xiuming Zhao 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.3

In this study, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative conductivity (RC), superoxide anion (O2・-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as ascorbic acid (AsA), glutation (GSH) and carotenoid (Car) were analyzed in plants under drought condition to investigate the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms of leaves and petals, respectively. Two different drought resistance marigold cultivars (Tagetes erecta L. cv. Chokdee and Tagetes erecta L. cv. Discovery)treated with 6-day drought stress were used at early flowering stage. Results indicated that drought treatment increased MDA, RC, O2・- and H2O2 contents in the two cultivars, especially in drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Discovery’. In contrast,‘Chokdee’ had higher level antioxidative enzyme activities and more non-enzymatic antioxidants than those in ‘Discovery’. SOD, POD, CAT, APX activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH and AsA) in the leaves and petals were increased at the beginning treatment, and decreased later. The activity of CAT in leaves and petals, APX in petals and AsA in petals on day 6 after treatment were lower than those in control, while Car in the two cultivars decreased consistently during drought stress treatment. In addition, all the antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves were higher than those in petals, but AsA and GSH were accumulated at lower levels in leaves than those in petals of the both cultivars. Furthermore, significant linear relationships were found between antioxidative enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as in non-enzymatic antioxidants and ROS. In conclusion, drought tolerance of ‘Chokdee’ was correlated with eliminating the O2・- and H2O2 and maintaining lower lipid peroxidation as well as higher membrane stability by increasing activities of antioxidative enzymes and the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Furthermore, different drought response mechanisms were involved in leaves and petals of marigold under drought stress.

Preachers, pirates and peace-building: Examining non-violent hegemonic masculinities in Aceh

Rahel Kunz,Henri Myrttinen,Wening Udasmoro 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2018 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.24 No.3

With respect to research on violent conflict, violent masculinities and masculinities linked to military or military-style organizations have received considerable attention. Such forms of violent masculinity are often seen as hegemonic. Based on our research in Aceh, Indonesia, we suggest that the conflation of hegemonic forms of masculinity with militarization and violence overlooks the many ways in which civilian men use political mechanisms of hegemonic masculinity to create consent while remaining explicitly non-violent and thus contribute to non-violent ways of managing conflict. Drawing on vignettes of Acehnese men’s experiences, we identify three strategies of conflict prevention and management to achieve relative hegemony in non-violent ways: strategic appeasement, creating safe spaces and transforming militarized masculinities. The ways in which these men participate in peace-building contribute to reducing violence, yet do not necessarily challenge hegemonic masculinities. Our case study of conflict-related masculinities in Aceh paints a nuanced picture of what comes to be seen as hegemonic in a given society at a given point in time and what can be contested. We demonstrate the importance of understanding conflict management through an approach that includes non-violent forms of masculinities and focuses on hegemonic masculinity as a political mechanism of consent creation.

Development of High-Yielding Rice Varieties Suitable for Swampy Lands in Indonesia

( Indrastuti A. Rumanti ),( Yudhistira Nugraha ),( Rina H. Wening ),( Zennia Jean C. Gonzaga ),( Suwarno ),( Anggiani Nasution ),( Dede Kusdiaman ),( Endang M. Septiningsih ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.4

Productivity of swampy land rice varieties in Indonesia remains low due to abiotic and biotic stresses. Iron toxicity, submergence and long-term flooding are common problems that affect plant growth, sometimes leading to total crop loss. Meanwhile, rice blast, rice tungro virus (RTV), and bacterial leaf blight (BLB) can also lead to severe yield loss. These stresses could be overcome by an integrative approach of cultural practices and planting multi-stress tolerant rice. Here we describe the development of new high-yielding varieties that are adapted to the swampy land environments in Indonesia with multi-stress tolerance to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Multi-environmental trials were performed in nine locations to screen for several abiotic and biotic stresses in the field and greenhouse in 2012 and 2013. This study identified promising rice lines that had high grain yield as well as tolerance to iron toxicity and submergence, resistance to BLB and RTV, and good grain quality. The best line was B11377F-MR-34-2, derived from a double cross among Cinglonik, IRBB7, Mamberamo and IR64. It was confirmed that this advanced breeding line carries the submergence tolerance gene, SUB1, through expression analysis of the SUB1A gene. Another promising line was B11586F-MR-11-2-2, having iron toxicity tolerance, resistance to RTV, and high milling recovery. Moreover, these lines have passed the Indonesian national variety release committee and have been named as Inpara8 and Inpara9, and are targeted for dissemination and adoption in the swampy areas.