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Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Asthma through Transcriptomics
박흥우,Scott T. Weiss 대한천식알레르기학회 2020 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.12 No.3
The transcriptome represents the complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome under a specific circumstance or in a specific cell. High-throughput methods, including microarray and bulk RNA sequencing, as well as recent advances in biostatistics based on machine learning approaches provides a quick and effective way of identifying novel genes and pathways related to asthma, which is a heterogeneous disease with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. In this manuscript, we briefly review how to analyze transcriptome data and then provide a summary of recent transcriptome studies focusing on asthma pathogenesis and asthma drug responses. Studies reviewed here are classified into 2 classes based on the tissues utilized: blood and airway cells.
Surface measurements of the 5 June 2013 damaging thunderstorm wind event near Pep, Texas
W. Scott Gunter,John L. Schroeder,Christopher C. Weiss,Eric C. Bruning 한국풍공학회 2017 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.24 No.2
High-resolution wind measurements at 2.25 m in height were used to investigate the mean and turbulence properties of an extreme thunderstorm wind event in West Texas. These data were combined with single Doppler scans from the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile Doppler radars systems (TTUKa) to provide meteorological context over the surface measurement stations for portions of the outflow. Several features characteristic of a severe wind event were noted in the radar data, including a bowing portion of the thunderstorm complex and a small circulation on the leading edge. These features were reflected in the surface wind time histories and provided natural separation between various regions of the outflow. These features also contributed to the peak 1-s gust at all measurement stations. The turbulence characteristics of each outflow region were also investigated and compared. Reduced values of running turbulence intensity and elevated values of longitudinal integral scales were noted during the period of peak wind speed. Larger scales of turbulence within the outflow were also suggested via spectral analysis.
Surface measurements of the 5 June 2013 damaging thunderstorm wind event near Pep, Texas
Gunter, W. Scott,Schroeder, John L.,Weiss, Christopher C.,Bruning, Eric C. Techno-Press 2017 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.24 No.2
High-resolution wind measurements at 2.25 m in height were used to investigate the mean and turbulence properties of an extreme thunderstorm wind event in West Texas. These data were combined with single Doppler scans from the Texas Tech University Ka-band mobile Doppler radars systems (TTUKa) to provide meteorological context over the surface measurement stations for portions of the outflow. Several features characteristic of a severe wind event were noted in the radar data, including a bowing portion of the thunderstorm complex and a small circulation on the leading edge. These features were reflected in the surface wind time histories and provided natural separation between various regions of the outflow. These features also contributed to the peak 1-s gust at all measurement stations. The turbulence characteristics of each outflow region were also investigated and compared. Reduced values of running turbulence intensity and elevated values of longitudinal integral scales were noted during the period of peak wind speed. Larger scales of turbulence within the outflow were also suggested via spectral analysis.
Kim, Rokho,Sparrow, David,Weiss, Scott,Hu, Howard 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.3
소량의 연 폭로가 혈청 요산 농도의 증가와 연관이 있다는 기존의 단면적 연구가 있어 왔으나 아직 이를 뒷받침하는 경시적 연구는 보고된 바가 없다. 보스톤지역에 거주하는 중년 및 노년 남성 2,000여명의 코호트에서 무작위로 추출된 509명의 연구 대상자로부터 1979년부터 1994년까지 매 3-5년마다 정기적으로 수집되어 냉동 보관된 전혈이나 즉시 채취한 신선한 전혈의 연 농도를 측정하고, 이와 동시에 혈청 요산, 크레아티닌, 그리고 신체 질량 지수, 음주, 흡연 고혈압 등의 잠재적 혼란 변수들을 정기적으로 측정하였다. 혈청 크레아티닌 농도를 포함한 잠재적 혼란 변수들을 통제한 뒤 혈중 연 농도가 혈청 요산 농도와 통계적으로 유의한 양성 연관이 관찰되었다. 혈중 연 농도 수치의 자연로그 변환치 1이 증가함에 따라 약 0.15mg/dL의 혈청 요산 농도가 증가할 것으로 추정되었다. 이러한 연관성은 추적 연구 기간 중 혈중 연 농도가 한번도 25g/dL을 넘지 않은 소량 연 폭로 남성에서도 유의하게 관찰되었다. 이 경시적 연구는 중년 및 노년 남성에서 비교적 소량의 연 폭로가 혈청 요산 농도의 증가와 관련이 있음을 보여준다. 그러나 이러한 연관이 곧 소량 연 폭로와 통풍 발생의 연관을 의미하는지는 아직 알 수 없으며 후속 연구를 필요로 한다.
Tiwari Anshul,Wang Alberta L.,Li Jiang,Lutz Sharon M.,Kho Alvin T,Weiss Scott T,Tantisira Kelan G,McGeachie Michael J. 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.4
Objective MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNA molecules of around 18–22 nucleotides that are key regulators of many biologic processes, particularly inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of circulating miRs from asthmatic children with seasonal variation in allergic inflammation and asthma symptoms. Methods We used available small RNA sequencing on blood serum from 398 children with mild-to-moderate asthma from the Childhood Asthma Management Program. We used seasonal asthma symptom data at the study baseline and allergen affection status from baseline skin prick tests as primary outcomes. We identified differentially expressed (DE) miRs between pairs of seasons using DESeq2. Regression analysis was used to identify associations between allergy status to specific seasonal allergens and DE miRs in 4 seasons and between seasonal asthma symptom data and DE miRs. We performed pathway enrichment analysis for target genes of the DE miRs using DAVID. Results After quality control, 398 samples underwent differential analysis between the 4 seasons. We found 52 unique miRs from a total of 81 DE miRs across seasons. Further investigation of the association between these miRs and sensitization to seasonal allergens using skin prick tests revealed that 26 unique miRs from a total of 38 miRs were significantly associated with a same-season allergen. Comparison between seasonal asthma symptom data revealed that 2 of these 26 miRs also had significant associations with asthma symptoms in the same seasons: miR-328-3p (P < 0.03) and let-7d-3p (P < 0.05). Enrichment analysis showed that the most enriched pathway clusters were Rap1, Ras, and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion Our results show seasonal variation in miR-328-3p and let-7d-3p are significantly associated with seasonal asthma symptoms and seasonal allergies. These indicate a potentially protective role for let-7d-3p and a deleterious role for miR-328-3p in asthmatics sensitized to mulberry. Further work will determine whether these miRs are drivers or results of the allergic response.