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        <i>Asparagus densiflorus</i> in a vertical subsurface flow phytoreactor for treatment of real textile effluent: A lab to land approach for <i>in situ</i> soil remediation

        Watharkar, Anuprita D.,Kadam, Suhas K.,Khandare, Rahul V.,Kolekar, Parag D.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Jadhav, Jyoti P.,Govindwar, Sanjay P. Elsevier 2018 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.161 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study explores the potential of <I>Asparagus densiflorus</I> to treat disperse Rubin GFL (RGFL) dye and a real textile effluent in constructed vertical subsurface flow (VSbF) phytoreactor; its field cultivation for soil remediation offers a real green and economic way of environmental management. <I>A. densiflorus</I> decolorized RGFL (40 gm L<SUP>−1</SUP>) up to 91% within 48 h. VSbF phytoreactor successfully reduced American dye manufacture institute (ADMI), BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of real textile effluent by 65%, 61%, 66%, 48% and 66%, respectively within 6 d. Oxidoreductive enzymes such as laccase (138%), lignin peroxidase (129%), riboflavin reductase (111%) were significantly expressed during RGFL degradation in <I>A. densiflorus</I> roots, while effluent transformation caused noteworthy induction of enzymes like, tyrosinase (205%), laccase (178%), veratryl oxidase (52%). Based on enzyme activities, UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR and GC-MS results; RGFL was proposed to be transformed to 4-amino-3- methylphenyl (hydroxy) oxoammonium and N, N-diethyl aniline. Anatomical study of the advanced root tissue of <I>A. densiflorus</I> exhibited the progressive dye accumulation and removal during phytoremediation. HepG2 cell line and phytotoxicity study demonstrated reduced toxicity of biotransformed RGFL and treated effluent by <I>A. densiflorus,</I> respectively. On field remediation study revealed a noteworthy removal (67%) from polluted soil within 30 d.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Asparagus densiflorus</I> showed potential to transform disperse dye Rubin GFL. </LI> <LI> Vertical subsurface flow phytoreactor efficiently decolorized real textile effluent. </LI> <LI> Toxicity study confirmed the reduced toxicity of biotransformed dye and effluent. </LI> <LI> <I>In situ</I> soil remediation studies revealed a noteworthy removal of soil ADMI. </LI> <LI> Lab to land transfer of phytoremediation technology was successfully achieved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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        Co-planted floating phyto-bed along with microbial fuel cell for enhanced textile effluent treatment

        Kadam, Suhas K.,Watharkar, Anuprita D.,Chandanshive, Vishal V.,Khandare, Rahul V.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Jadhav, Jyoti P.,Govindwar, Sanjay P. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol.203 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A floating phytobed system based on plants of <I>Chrysopogon zizanioides</I> and <I>Typha angustifolia</I> (Consortium CT) was effective in the removal of Scarlet RR Dye (150 mg/L) and a textile effluent, with rates of 89 and 87%, respectively, within a 60-h period, which demonstrates a higher elimination rate than an individual plantation. In addition, the treatment of textile effluents with the floating phytobed linked to microbial fuel cells was enhanced in terms of color reduction, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids up to 82, 75, 75, 67 and 70%, respectively. Moreover, it produced a power of 0.0769 W/m<SUP>2</SUP> at current density of 0.3846 A/m<SUP>2</SUP>. Terminal restriction length polymorphism community analysis documented 37 new genera which have a probable role in efficient treatment as well as power generation. Induction in the activities of oxidoreductase, high performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses of treated Scarlet RR dye confirmed the biotransformation. Toxicity evaluated on gill histology of <I>Lamellidens marginalis</I> and inter simple sequence repeat marker assessment confirmed the decreased toxicity of Scarlet RR after phyto-transformation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Chrysopogon zizanioides</I> and <I>Typha angustifolia</I> treated Scarlet RR and real effluent. </LI> <LI> Co-planted phyto-bed (FPb) gave efficient dye removal with energy generation. </LI> <LI> Removal of dyes improved note-worthily by FPb-Microbial Fuel Cells system. </LI> <LI> Degradation pathway of Scarlet RR by co-plantation system was proposed. </LI> <LI> Toxicity study on bivalve revealed less toxic nature of dye products. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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        Decolorization and detoxification of dye mixture and textile effluent by lichen <i>Dermatocarpon vellereceum</i> in fixed bed upflow bioreactor with subsequent oxidative stress study

        Kulkarni, Ashwini N.,Watharkar, Anuprita D.,Rane, Niraj R.,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Govindwar, Sanjay P. Elsevier 2018 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.148 No.-

        <P>Navy Blue HE22 (NBHE22), dye mixture and real textile effluent were decolorized and degraded by lichen Derrnatocarpon vellereceuen. Up-flow bioreactor showed about 80%, 70%, 80% and 65% removal of American dye manufacturer index (ADMI), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS), respectively of dye mixture at flow rate of 25 ml h(-1). The removal of ADMI, BOD, TSS and TDS of real textile effluent were 75%, 65%, 82% and 70%, respectively at flow rate of 30 ml h(-1). Significant induction of extracellular enzymes such as manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase was observed up to 46% and 36% during decolorization of dye mixture, while 43% and 24% during effluent treatment, respectively. Exponential enhancement in the activities of stress enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) was observed after exposure to NBHE22 (116% and 125%, respectively), dye mixture (150% and 300%, respectively) and effluent (400% and 350%, respectively) endorsing the stress tolerance ability of model lichen. Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies demonstrated less toxic nature of metabolites resulted from biodegradation.</P>

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