http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Reparations: The Problem of Social Dominance
Carlton Waterhouse, J.D. 세계환경사회거버넌스학회 2016 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.6 No.1
In theory, reparations provide redress for past injustices. They reflect political attempts to seek to balance the scales of justice in the wake of crimes against humanity, gross human rights abuses, and other tortious state action. As one of the more politically salient legal academic subjects, however, it is clear that the sociopolitical processes within and between states greatly influence when, why, and how reparations are used. Reparations theorists have done an excellent job developing vital models for use by states to provide warranted redress. Roy L. Brooks and Eric Yamamoto, both of whom have contributed to this journal in the past, have developed the Atonement and Social Healing models of reparations respectively.
William C. Waterhouse 江南大學校産學技術硏究所 1996 산학기술연구소논문집 Vol.- No.2
"The main foundational results of calculus can be derived directly from the statement that bounded increasing sequences converge." The foundations of calculus are well understood by specialists, but they are always hard to convey to students trying to learn them. One of the obstacles, I think, is that most treatments of the subject find it necessary to introduce various technical definitions (for instance, uniform continuity and least upper bounds). These concepts are of course important in themselves, but their complexity makes them hard for students who are just beginning to understand limits. In this presentation of the subject, I shall derive the main foundational results purely from one fact: A bound increasing sequence of real numbers converges. It is well known that this is the property behind the crucial comparison test for infinite series, but few people seem to know how easily it can be used more generally. In particular, the argument for Theorem 2 here seems to be new.
Vitamin D Repletion in Korean Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Barbara Kravitz,정윤석,정동진,강무일,김인주,고정민,민용기,오한진,박일형,이일섭,Brian Waterhouse,Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick,Antonio Nino 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.4
Purpose: Up to 71% of South Korean postmenopausal women have vitamin D deficiency {serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level <50 nmol/L}. Data on vitamin D supplementation was collected during the screening phase of an efficacy/safety study of denosumab in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This report describes the effect of vitamin D supplementation on repletion to 25(OH)D levels ≥50 nmol/L in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Vitamin D levels of Korean postmenopausal women (60–90 years old) were measured by extracting 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 from serum samples via protein precipitation and using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. Calibration curves were constructed from the mass chromatograms to obtain total vitamin D levels. Subjectswith serum 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L were supplemented with 1000 IU of vitamin D tablets during the 2.5-month-long screening period. Dose, frequency, and duration were determined by the investigator. If repletion was achieved (≥50 nmol/L) on retest, subjects were eligible to be rescreened for study entry. Results: Of 371 subjects screened, 191 (52%) required vitamin D supplementation, and 88% (168 of 191) were successfully repleted. More than half of the subjects (58%) who were successfully repleted received doses of 2000 IU daily. The mean time to successful repletion was 31 days (standard deviation 8.4 days; range 11–48 days). Conclusion: Supplementation with daily median doses of 2000 IU vitamin D successfully repleted 88% of Korean postmenopausalwomen with osteoporosis within 48 days to a serum vitamin D level of 50 nmol/L.
고정민,정동진,정윤석,강무일,김인주,민용기,오한진,박일형,이일섭,Brian Waterhouse,Antonio Nino,Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick,Barbara Kravitz 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.4
Purpose: The efficacy and safety of denosumab was compared with placebo in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosisin this phase III study. Materials and Methods: Women aged 60 to 90 years with a T-score of <-2.5 and ≥-4.0 at the lumbar spine or total hip were randomizedto a single 60 mg subcutaneous dose of denosumab or placebo for the 6-month double-blind phase. Eligible subjects entered the 6-month open-label extension phase and received a single dose of denosumab 60 mg. Results: Baseline demographics were similar in the 62 denosumab- and 64 placebo-treated subjects who completed the double-blind phase. Treatment favored denosumab over placebo for the primary endpoint {mean percent change from baseline in lumbarspine bone mineral density (BMD) at Month 6 [3.2% (95% confidence interval 2.1%, 4.4%; p<0.0001)]}; and secondary endpoints(mean percent change from baseline in lumbar spine BMD at Month 1, total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter BMD at Months 1 and 6, and median percent change from baseline in bone turnover markers at Months 1, 3, and 6). Endpoint improvementswere sustained over 12 months in the open-label extension (n=119). There were no new or unexpected safety signals. Conclusion: Denosumab was well tolerated and effective in increasing BMD and decreasing bone turnover markers over a 12-month period in Korean postmenopausal women. The findings of this study demonstrate that denosumab has beneficial effectson the measures of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.
Lee, Sat-Byol,Beak, Suk K.,Park, Seung H.,Waterhouse, Barry D.,Lee, Hyun S. Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of comparative neurology Vol.514 No.4
<P>The primary goal of this study was to examine whether the locus coeruleus (LC) provides collateral projections to whisker-related, sensorimotor brain regions. After injections of retrograde tracers into the primary sensory (S1) barrel field/primary whisker motor (M1) cortices, ventroposteromedial (VPM)/ventrolateral (VL) thalamic nuclei, or principal sensory trigeminal (Pr5)/facial motor (Mo7) nuclei, the distribution of double-labeled neurons within the LC was examined. Our observations indicated that a large number of individual LC cells provided axon collaterals to S1-M1 or VPM-VL regions, whereas only a few projected to Pr5-Mo7 nuclei. The laterality and the distribution of dual-projecting LC neurons were as follows. 1) The neurons projecting to the S1-M1 cortices were predominantly ipsilateral (96% ± 0.7%). Labeled neurons were located ventrally at the rostral pole but were evenly distributed along the dorsoventral aspect of the principal LC. 2) The cells projecting to the VPM-VL nuclei were bilateral, with ipsilateral (68% ± 2.3%) dominance. Neurons were observed at the rostrocaudal extent of the LC, where the labeling was most pronounced at the ventral, principal LC. 3) The neurons projecting to the Pr5-Mo7 regions exhibited slightly contralateral (56% ± 2.9%) dominance, where labeled cells were confined within the ventral margin of the principal subdivision. Taken together, the present observations demonstrate that each subdivision of the LC possesses a differential functional organization with respect to its collateral projection to whisker-related sensorimotor targets, suggesting that the nucleus might play a modulatory role in vibrissal sensorimotor integration that allows the guidance of behavioral action essential for the survival of the animal. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:387–402, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>