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Qiang Li,Li Zhang,Wanhua Li,Xiaolin Li,Wenli Huang,Hua Yang,Linyong Zheng 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.1
Tricholoma matsutake is a commercially important edible fungus. Volatile compounds, chemical compositions, and nutritional values of fruiting bodies at different stages of maturity from different geographical areas were analyzed. The main volatile compounds in T. matsutake fruiting bodies were (E)-2-octenal, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-octanone, methyl cinnamate, benzaldehyde, and 1- octen-3-ol. Kinds and levels of volatile compounds from different geographical areas varied. As the fruiting bodies aged, levels of methyl cinnamate and 1-octen-3-ol gradually declined. Potassium was the most abundant element in T. matsutake fruiting bodies. Of 17 amino acids detected in fruiting bodies, glutamate was the most abundant. Volatile compounds, chemical compositions, and nutritional values of T. matsutake varied with age and geographical origin and can serve as chemical indicators for classication of T. matsutake from different geographical areas and at different stages of maturity.
( Jie Li ),( Biyao Zou ),( Hideki Fujii ),( Yee Hui Yeo ),( Fanpu Ji ),( Dong Hyun Lee ),( Yuemin Feng ),( Xiaoyu Xie ),( Wanhua Ren ),( Qiang Zhu ),( Mindie H. Nguyen ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: NAFLD is generally correlated with the obesity epidemic. Asia is a heterogeneous region with varying socioeconomic levels and obesity prevalence; therefore, our goal was to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in Asia through a meta-analytic approach. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from 1989 to 2017 for relevant studies reporting NAFLD prevalence in Asia. All studies were reviewed by three independent investigators. We used random-effects models to provide point estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) of prevalence. Publication bias was assessed by Egger weighted regression Methods. Results: From the 2700 titles and abstracts reviewed, 195 papers from 13 countries met the inclusion criteria and included 1,753,168 subjects. The overall pooled prevalence for NAFLD in Asia was 31% (95% CI: 29-32). Individual country prevalence was shown in Table 1. In countries with more than 3 studies, the lowest prevalence was seen in Japan (24%, 95% CI: 21-28) and the highest in Iran (36%, 95%CI 31-41). Notably, pooled prevalence from studies with sample <1,000 subjects was much higher (34%, 95% CI: 31-38, 45 studies, n=23,857) than estimate from larger studies (≥1,000 subjects) (30%, 95% CI: 28- 31, 150 studies, n=172,9311). By sub-regions within Asia (Table 2), there was significant regional differences (P<0.01) with the highest NAFLD prevalence seen in West Asia (33%, 95% CI: 28-39, 13 studies, n=32,142) and the lowest in Southeast Asia (24%, 95% CI: 15-33, 5 studies, n=3457). By country income levels, NAFLD prevalence was 30% (95% CI: 29-32, 89 studies, n=1,005,409) for high-income countries and 31% (95% CI: 29-33, 106 studies, n=747,759) for middle-income countries (P<0.63). Conclusions: Overall NAFLD prevalence in Asia is 31% similar to Western countries and by country-income levels within Asia but varies by some sub-regions or Asia with the highest prevalence in West Asia (33%).
Bin Yang Wu,Qiang Zhang,Shun Kai Zhang,Xiao Kun Nie,Yu Han Li,Wanhua Su 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.4
Experiments and simulations were used to investigate the effect of a range of engine operating parameters and fuel characteristics on the particle size and particle number (PN) concentration at low speed and idle speed condition. The occurrence, size, and concentration of particles were tested against a range of parameters including start of injection (SOI), common rail pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratio and load. The results showed that the homogeneity of the mixture had the greatest impact on particle size and number concentration. The performance of particle is different at different levels of load. The particle were of nucleation mode at idle condition, and the cold idle particles had a slightly larger diameter than those produced at hot idle. By using the diesel and under high load, at EGR ratios of less than 20 %, most particles were of nucleation mode. At EGR ratios exceeding 20 %, nucleation-mode particles were gradually replaced by accumulation-mode particles. At EGR ratios above 30 %, most particles were of the accumulation mode. Under the same load, gasoline compression ignition produced particles of smaller size and reduced particulate mass (PM). The use of gasoline extended ignition delay, as the high volatility and octane number of the fuel improved the homogeneity of the mixture. Finally, a linear relationship was found between PM and PN. The relative contribution of the different factors to the formation of nucleationor accumulation-mode particles was investigated.