http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Wai-Yee Lam (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
-
A Review of Machine Learning Algorithms for Fraud Detection in Credit Card Transaction
Lim, Kha Shing,Lee, Lam Hong,Sim, Yee-Wai International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.9
The increasing number of credit card fraud cases has become a considerable problem since the past decades. This phenomenon is due to the expansion of new technologies, including the increased popularity and volume of online banking transactions and e-commerce. In order to address the problem of credit card fraud detection, a rule-based approach has been widely utilized to detect and guard against fraudulent activities. However, it requires huge computational power and high complexity in defining and building the rule base for pattern matching, in order to precisely identifying the fraud patterns. In addition, it does not come with intelligence and ability in predicting or analysing transaction data in looking for new fraud patterns and strategies. As such, Data Mining and Machine Learning algorithms are proposed to overcome the shortcomings in this paper. The aim of this paper is to highlight the important techniques and methodologies that are employed in fraud detection, while at the same time focusing on the existing literature. Methods such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), naïve Bayesian, k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Decision Tree and Frequent Pattern Mining algorithms are reviewed and evaluated for their performance in detecting fraudulent transaction.
-
Haiyong Chen,Zhipeng Ning,Wing Lok Lam,Wai-Yee Lam,Ying Ke Zhao,Jerry Wing Fai Yeung,Bacon Fung-Leung Ng,Eric Tat-Chi Ziea,Lixing Lao 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.5
Analgesic effects of acupuncture have been extensively studied in various clinical trials. However, the conclusion remains controversial, even among large scale randomized controlled trials. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the conclusion of the trials and the types of control used in those trials via systematic review. Published randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for pain were retrieved from electronic databases (Medline, AMED, Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, and CAB Abstracts) using a prespecified search strategy. One hundred and thirty-nine studies leading to 166 pairs of acupuncture-control treatment effect comparisons (26 studies comprised of 53 intervention-control pairs) were analyzed based on the proportion of positive conclusions in different control designs. We found that treatment effects of acupuncture compared with nontreatment controls had the highest tendency to yield a positive conclusion (84.3%), compared with nonneedle-insertion controls (53.3%). Whereas with needle-insertion controls, the lowest tendency of positive conclusions was observed (37.8%). Consistently, in studies reporting successful blinding, a higher tendency of positive findings on the treatment effect of acupuncture was found in the noninsertion sham controls compared with that in the insertion sham controls. We conclude that the type of control is likely to affect the conclusion in acupuncture analgesic trials. Appropriate control should be chosen according to the aims of studies. Analgesic effects of acupuncture have been extensively studied in various clinical trials. However, the conclusion remains controversial, even among large scale randomized controlled trials. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the conclusion of the trials and the types of control used in those trials via systematic review. Published randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for pain were retrieved from electronic databases (Medline, AMED, Cochrane libraries, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, and CAB Abstracts) using a prespecified search strategy. One hundred and thirty-nine studies leading to 166 pairs of acupuncture-control treatment effect comparisons (26 studies comprised of 53 intervention-control pairs) were analyzed based on the proportion of positive conclusions in different control designs. We found that treatment effects of acupuncture compared with nontreatment controls had the highest tendency to yield a positive conclusion (84.3%), compared with nonneedle-insertion controls (53.3%). Whereas with needle-insertion controls, the lowest tendency of positive conclusions was observed (37.8%). Consistently, in studies reporting successful blinding, a higher tendency of positive findings on the treatment effect of acupuncture was found in the noninsertion sham controls compared with that in the insertion sham controls. We conclude that the type of control is likely to affect the conclusion in acupuncture analgesic trials. Appropriate control should be chosen according to the aims of studies.
연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
