Natural radioprotectors and their impact on cancer drug discovery

Vinutha Kuruba,Pavan Gollapalli 대한방사선종양학회 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.4

Cancer is a complex multifaceted illness that affects different patients in discrete ways. For a number of cancers the use of chemotherapy has become standard practice. Chemotherapy is a use of cytostatic drugs to cure cancer. Cytostatic agents not only affect cancer cells but also affect the growth of normal cells; leading to side effects. Because of this, radiotherapy gained importance in treating cancer. Slaughtering of cancerous cells by radiotherapy depends on the radiosensitivity of the tumor cells. Efforts to improve the therapeutic ratio have resulted in the development of compounds that increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells or protect the normal cells from the effects of radiation. Amifostine is the only chemical radioprotector approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but due to its side effect and toxicity, use of this compound was also failed. Hence the use of herbal radioprotectors bearing pharmacological properties is concentrated due to their low toxicity and efficacy. Notably, in silico methods can expedite drug discovery process, to lessen the compounds with unfavorable pharmacological properties at an early stage of drug development. Hence a detailed perspective of these properties, in accordance with their prediction and measurement, are pivotal for a successful identification of radioprotectors by drug discovery process.

1-edge balance index sets of C_n tines P_3 and K_{n,n}

Vinutha S . V.,Shrikanth A. S.,Ramananda H. S. 장전수학회 2019 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.22 No.3

Let G be a graph with vertex set V , edge set E and Z2 = {0, 1}. Let f be a labeling from E to Z2, so that the labels of the edges are 0 or 1. The edges labelled 1 are called 1-edges and edges labelled 0 are called 0-edges. The edge labeling f induces a vertex labeling f : V −! Z2 defined by f(v) = ( 1 if the number of 1-edges incident on v is odd, 0 if the number of 1-edges incident on v is even. For i 2 Z2 let ef (i) = e(i) = card{e 2 E : f(e) = i} and vf (i) = v(i) = card{v 2 V : f(v) = i}. A labeling f is said to be edge-friendly if | e(0) − e(1) | 1. The 1- edge balance index set (OEBI) of a graph G is defined by {| vf (0) − vf (1) | : the edge labeling f is edge-friendly}. The main purpose of this paper is to completely determine the 1-edge balance index sets of Cn × P3, Kn,n.

Natural radioprotectors and their impact on cancer drug discovery

Kuruba, Vinutha,Gollapalli, Pavan The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.4

Cancer is a complex multifaceted illness that affects different patients in discrete ways. For a number of cancers the use of chemotherapy has become standard practice. Chemotherapy is a use of cytostatic drugs to cure cancer. Cytostatic agents not only affect cancer cells but also affect the growth of normal cells; leading to side effects. Because of this, radiotherapy gained importance in treating cancer. Slaughtering of cancerous cells by radiotherapy depends on the radiosensitivity of the tumor cells. Efforts to improve the therapeutic ratio have resulted in the development of compounds that increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells or protect the normal cells from the effects of radiation. Amifostine is the only chemical radioprotector approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but due to its side effect and toxicity, use of this compound was also failed. Hence the use of herbal radioprotectors bearing pharmacological properties is concentrated due to their low toxicity and efficacy. Notably, in silico methods can expedite drug discovery process, to lessen the compounds with unfavorable pharmacological properties at an early stage of drug development. Hence a detailed perspective of these properties, in accordance with their prediction and measurement, are pivotal for a successful identification of radioprotectors by drug discovery process.

An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of four electronic apex locators using stainless-steel and nickel-titanium hand files

Gehlot, Paras Mull,Manjunath, Vinutha,Manjunath, Mysore Krishnaswamy The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2016 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.41 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length (WL) determination of four electronic apex locators (EALs), namely, Root ZX (RZX), Elements diagnostic unit and apex locator (ELE), SybronEndo Mini Apex locator (MINI) and Propex pixi (PIXI) using Stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand files. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference between canal length determination by SS and NiTi files of 4 EALs. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted, single rooted human teeth were decoronated and the canal orifice flared. The actual length (AL) was assessed visually, and the teeth were embedded in an alginate model. The electronic length (EL) measurements were recorded with all four EALs using SS and NiTi files at '0.5' reading on display. The differences between the AL and EL were compared. Results: The results obtained with each EAL with SS and NiTi files were compared with AL. A paired sample t test showed that there was a statistical significant difference between EAL readings with SS and NiTi files for RZX and MINI (p < 0.05). The accuracy of RZX, ELE, MINI and PIXI within ${\pm}0.5 mm$ of AL with SS/NiTi files were 93.3%/70%, 90%/91.7%, 95%/68.3%, and 83.3%/83.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Root ZX was statistically more accurate with NiTi files compared to SS files, while MINI was statistically more accurate with SS files compared to NiTi files. ELE and PIXI were not affected by the alloy type of the file used to determine WL.

An in vitro evaluation of the accuracy of four electronic apex locators using stainless-steel and nickel-titanium hand files

Paras Mull Gehlot,Vinutha Manjunath,Mysore Krishnaswamy Manjunath 대한치과보존학회 2016 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.41 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of working length (WL) determination of four electronic apex locators (EALs), namely, Root ZX (RZX), Elements diagnostic unit and apex locator (ELE), SybronEndo Mini Apex locator (MINI) and Propex pixi (PIXI) using Stainless steel (SS) and nickel-titanium (NiTi) hand files. The null hypothesis was that there was no difference between canal length determination by SS and NiTi files of 4 EALs. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted, single rooted human teeth were decoronated and the canal orifice flared. The actual length (AL) was assessed visually, and the teeth were embedded in an alginate model. The electronic length (EL) measurements were recorded with all four EALs using SS and NiTi files at ‘0.5’ reading on display. The differences between the AL and EL were compared. Results: The results obtained with each EAL with SS and NiTi files were compared with AL. A paired sample t test showed that there was a statistical significant difference between EAL readings with SS and NiTi files for RZX and MINI (p < 0.05). The accuracy of RZX, ELE, MINI and PIXI within ± 0.5 mm of AL with SS/ NiTi files were 93.3%/70%, 90%/91.7%, 95%/68.3%, and 83.3%/83.3%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Root ZX was statistically more accurate with NiTi files compared to SS files, while MINI was statistically more accurate with SS files compared to NiTi files. ELE and PIXI were not affected by the alloy type of the file used to determine WL.

Kinetics and Mechanistic Chemistry of Oxidation of Butacaine Sulfate by Chloramine-B in Acid Medium

Shubha, Jayachamarajapura Pranesh,Kotabagi, Vinutha,Puttaswamy, Puttaswamy Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.11

Butacaine sulfate is an ester of p-aminobenzoic acid which has been widely used as a local anaesthetic and it is a long standing agent particularly for spinal anaesthesia. For this reason, a kinetic study of oxidation of butacaine sulfate by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (chloramine-B or CAB) has been carried out in $HClO_4$ medium at 303 K in order to explore this redox system mechanistic chemistry. The rate shows a first-order dependence on both $[CAB]_o$, and $[substrate]_o$, and a fractional-order dependence on acid concentration. Decrease of dielectric constant of the medium, by adding methanol, increases the rate of the reaction. Variation of ionic strength and addition of benzenesulfonamide or NaCl have no significant effect on the rate. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and the activation parameters have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the reaction has been found to be 1:2 and the oxidation products have been identified by spectral analysis. The observed results have been explained by plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced.

Kinetics and Mechanistic Chemistry of Oxidation of Butacaine Sulfate by Chloramine-B in Acid Medium

Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha,Vinutha Kotabagi, and Puttaswamy,Puttaswamy 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.11

Butacaine sulfate is an ester of p-aminobenzoic acid which has been widely used as a local anaesthetic and it is a long standing agent particularly for spinal anaesthesia. For this reason, a kinetic study of oxidation of butacaine sulfate by sodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (chloramine-B or CAB) has been carried out in HClO4 medium at 303 K in order to explore this redox system mechanistic chemistry. The rate shows a firstorder dependence on both [CAB]o, and [substrate]o, and a fractional-order dependence on acid concentration. Decrease of dielectric constant of the medium, by adding methanol, increases the rate of the reaction. Variation of ionic strength and addition of benzenesulfonamide or NaCl have no significant effect on the rate. The reaction was studied at different temperatures and the activation parameters have been evaluated. The stoichiometry of the reaction has been found to be 1:2 and the oxidation products have been identified by spectral analysis. The observed results have been explained by plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced.

A novel filter design for reduction of noise in the captured signals used for smart structure systems

T.C.Manjunath,IITBombay,Sheelarani TB,CB Vinutha,MZ Kurien 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

A novel chebyshev filter is designed in this paper and is used for reduction of the noises in the captured input signals which is further used for processing in the smart systems architecture,i.e., in the active vibration control of smart structures. This is the main objective of this paper.

Characterization studies of novel series of cobalt (II), nickel (II) and copper (II) complexes: DNA binding and antibacterial activity

Adimule Vinayak,Yallur Basappa C.,Kamat Vinutha,Krishna P. Murali 한국약제학회 2021 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.51 No.3

Purpose In the present investigation metal (II) complexes containing binuclear Co (II), mono nuclear Ni (II), and Cu (II) with ligand 2E-N-phenyl-2-[([1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazol-2yl) methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide moiety were synthesized in ethanolic medium, recrystallized and investigated for their biological properties. The carbothioamide was derived from the reaction of benzo [4, 5] imidazo [2, 1-b] thiazole-2-carbaldehyde and 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide at reflux temperature. Methods The newly formed compounds were characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ESR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Ligand containing “O” and “S” donor atoms participated in coordination with metal (II) complexes and are confirmed by FT-IR, electronic absorption spectra, 1H-NMR data. DNA binding properties of these metal complexes were investigated by ESR, magnetic moments and electronic absorption spectroscopy. Results Antibacterial studies, DNA binding constants of the complexes indicated intercalative binding mode involving strong aromatic chromophoric groups and base pairs of DNA. All the complexes (2a, 2b and 2c) showed intercalative binding with DNA and DNA cleavage was studied in presence and absence of H2O2 which was observed for copper (II) complex. Conclusion Antibacterial study results showed that cobalt complex inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 7.98 μg/mL, 8.12 μg/mL, 7.34 μg/mL, and 7.56 μg/mL respectively. Metal (II) complexes exhibit higher antibacterial activity than the parent ligand.

Best location for placement of collocated sensor / actuator pair on smart systems

T.C. Manjunath,IIT Bombay,Sheelarani T B,C B Vinutha,M Z Kurien 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

Active vibration control is an important problem in structures. One of the ways to tackle this problem is to make the structure smart & intelligent by making use of certain materials called as smart materials (piezoelectrics, shape memory alloys, electrorheological fluids, PVDF, etc.). This paper features the mathematical modeling of a single input single output based Euler-Bernoulli smart beam & the usage of this mathematical model to suppress the active vibrations in it using 2 types of control laws, viz., the periodic output feedback control law & the fast output sampling feedback control law. The active vibration control concept along with the best location for the placement of the sensor / actuator pair on the smart systems is compared herewith & the conclusions are drawn. This is the main objective of this paper.