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Vaios-Konstantinos Mytilekas,Efstathios Papaefstathiou,Periklis Koukourikis,Xenofon Ouzounidis,Stavros Kazantzidis,Konstantinos Hatzimouratidis 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.6
Purpose: To compare testosterone castration levels between patients treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, degarelix, and GnRH agonist. Materials and Methods: Patients with prostate cancer (PCa) of a single outpatient clinic were randomized (2:1) to receive degarelix (group A) or GnRH agonist (group B). The study evaluated testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, patients’ age, Gleason score and the presence of metastases (nodal or bone). Testosterone and PSA levels were measured at 1st, 6th, 12th, and 18th months. Mann–Whitney test and Spearman correlation were used to investigate independent variable while standard multiple regression was performed to explore statistically significant correlations. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare testosterone levels at follow-up. Results: The study included 168 patients, 107 in group A and 61 in group B. Testosterone levels at 1st month were significantly lower in patients under GnRH antagonist than those receiving GnRH agonist (group A: 22 ng/dL vs. group B: 29 ng/dL, p=0.011). However, PSA values did not differ significantly between groups (group A: 0.130 ng/mL vs. group B: 0.067 ng/mL, p=0.261). In multivariate analysis, treatment with degarelix was an independent factor of lower testosterone levels at 1st month (p=0.013). Comparison of testosterone levels at 6, 12, and 18 months did not reveal any significant difference within each group. Conclusions: In patients with PCa who are candidates for androgen deprivation therapy, the administration of GnRH antagonist seems to achieve significantly lower testosterone levels compared to treatment with GnRH agonist at 1st month of treatment.
Defining Voiding Dysfunction in Women: Bladder Outflow Obstruction Versus Detrusor Underactivity
Konstantinos-Vaios Mytilekas,Athanasios Oeconomou,Ioannis Sokolakis,Marina Kalaitzi,George Mouzakitis,Evangelia Nakopoulou,Apostolos Apostolidis 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2021 International Neurourology Journal Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: We aimed to develop urodynamic criteria to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and detrusor underactivity (DU) in women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: Initially, in a group of 68 consecutive women with LUTS and increased postvoid residual (PVR) who had undergone urodynamic investigations, we examined the level of agreement between the operating physician’s diagnosis of BOO or DU and the diagnosis according to urodynamic nomograms/indices, including the Blaivas-Groutz (B-G) nomogram, urethral resistance factor (URA), bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI), and bladder contractility index (BCI). Based on the initial results, we categorized 160 women into 4 groups using the B-G nomogram and URA (group 1, severe-moderate BOO; group 2, mild BOO and URA≥20; group 3, mild BOO and URA<20; group 4, nonobstructed) and compared the urodynamic parameters. Finally, we redefined women as obstructed (groups 1+2) and nonobstructed (groups 3+4) for subanalysis. Results: The agreement between the B-G nomogram and physician’s diagnosis was poor in the mild obstruction zone (κ=0.308, P=0.01). By adding URA (cutoff value=20), excellent agreement was reached (κ=0.856, P<0.001). Statistically significant differences were found among the 4 groups (analysis of variance) in maximum flow rate (Qmax) (P<0.0001), voided volume (VV) (P=0.042), PVR (P=0.032), BOOI (P<0.0001), and BCI (P<0.0001), with a positive linear trend for Qmax and VV and a negative linear trend for PVR and BOOI moving from groups 1 to 4. In the subanalysis, all parameters showed statistically significant differences between obstructed and nonobstructed women, except BCI (Qmax, P=0.0001; VV, P=0.0091; PVR, P=0.0005; BOOI, P=0.0001). Conclusions: The combination of the B-G nomogram with URA increased the accuracy of diagnosing BOO among women with LUTS. Based on this combination, most women in the mild obstruction zone of the B-G nomogram would be considered underactive rather than obstructed.
Antioxidant Properties of Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.)
Andriana C. Kaliora,Aggeliki M. Kountouri,Vaios T. Karathanos 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6
Currants and sultanas (Vitis vinifera L., Family Vitaceae) are dried vine products produced in Greece and used widely in the Mediterranean diet. We investigated the polar methanol extracts from the raisins for the antiradical activity, polyphenol content, cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, total glutathione (GSH) levels, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, and inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Extracts exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and inhibited tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced cytotoxicity, GSH decrease, and LDL oxidation. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the characteristic apoptotic patterns with tBHP and inhibition with the extracts. Elevated levels of total GSH and unaltered levels of GSSG with extract treatment demonstrated the induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. The antioxidant activity was correlated to the polyphenolic content. Greek currants and sultanas are suggested as antioxidant components of the Mediterranean basin.
Solar Sails: Technology And Demonstration Status
Johnson, Les,Young, Roy,Barnes, Nathan,Friedman, Louis,Lappas, Vaios,McInnes, Colin The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2012 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.13 No.4
Solar Sail propulsion has been validated in space (IKAROS, 2010) and soon several more solar-sail propelled spacecraft will be flown. Using sunlight for spacecraft propulsion is not a new idea. First proposed by Frederick Tsander and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in the 1920's, NASA's Echo 1 balloon, launched in 1960, was the first spacecraft for which the effects of solar photon pressure were measured. Solar sails reflect sunlight to achieve thrust, thus eliminating the need for costly and often very-heavy fuel. Such "propellantless" propulsion will enable whole new classes of space science and exploration missions previously not considered possible due to the propulsive-intense maneuvers and operations required.
Andriana C. Kaliora,Panagiotis T. Kanellos,Aristea Gioxari,Vaios T. Karathanos 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.3
The comparative effects of glucose and fructose on appetite and specifically on hormones regulating appetite remain controversial, and the role of different types of sugars has not been investigated broadly. To estimate the effect of raisins, a dried fruit rich in fructose, fibers, and phenolics, on hormones involved in the postprandial response. Ten healthy normal-weight subjects received in a crossover design 74 g raisins or 50 g glucose as reference food. Glucose, insulin, and appetite hormones were measured at time 0 and 60, 120, and 180 min after consumption. Glucose and insulin peaked significantly at 60 min in both trials with no difference in two trials. Gastric inhibitory peptide peaked significantly at 60 min in both trials and was found lower in raisin compared to glucose at 60 and 120 min postprandially. Ghrelin was lower in raisin compared to glucose at 120 and at 180 min postingestion. Ghrelin/obestatin ratio was lower at 120 min in raisin compared to glucose. No differences were reported for glucagon-like peptide-1, apelin, and obestatin in either trial. Raisin consumption could be favorable in terms of regulating appetite compared to refined sugars or glucose-based products in normal-weight healthy subjects.
Les Johnson,Roy Young,Nathan Barnes,Louis Friedman,Vaios Lappas,Colin McInnes 한국항공우주학회 2012 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.13 No.4
Solar Sail propulsion has been validated in space (IKAROS, 2010) and soon several more solar-sail propelled spacecraft will be flown. Using sunlight for spacecraft propulsion is not a new idea. First proposed by Frederick Tsander and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in the 1920’s, NASA’s Echo 1 balloon, launched in 1960, was the first spacecraft for which the effects of solar photon pressure were measured. Solar sails reflect sunlight to achieve thrust, thus eliminating the need for costly and often very-heavy fuel. Such “propellantless” propulsion will enable whole new classes of space science and exploration missions previously not considered possible due to the propulsive-intense maneuvers and operations required.