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Effects of Acupuncture at Pai-Hui on the Deficit of Memory
Chang, Yung-Hsien,Hsieh, Ming-Tsuen,Wu, Chi-Rei 경희대학교 2001 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.2001 No.1
Acupuncture has been introduced as one of the complementary therapies in traditional Chinese medicine. In addition to the analgesic effect, acupuncture also has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunomodulatory effects. Activation of the Bai-Hui by acupuncture was further shown to correct loss of consciousness, as well as to relieve mental abstraction, sluggish speech and hysteria. In this study, we investigated the attenuating effect of Pal-Hui acupuncture on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced or cycloheximide (CXM)-induced impairment of the passive avoidance response in rats. Our preliminary results indicated that acupuncture at Pal-Hui before or immediately after the training trial could significantly attenuate SCOP-induced impairment in rats. The effects were better than those treated before the right-room retention trial. Interestingly, the identical procedure could also significantly attenuate the CXM-induced impairment, but not those treated before the retention trial. The correction effect of acupuncture on CXM-induced impairment was equivalent to that of piracetam treatment. Acupunctures at Pal-Hui 15,30 or 60 min before the training trial could he all effective to attenuate CXM-induced impairment, and its efficacy paralleled acupuncture duration. Furthermore, we demonstrated the mechanism of the attenuating effects of acupuncture at Pal-Hui on CXM-induced memory consolidation deficits by combined with SCOP or p-chloroamphetamine(PCA). The attenuating effects of acupuncture at Pal-Hui was significantly antagonized by PCA but not SCOP. These results suggest acupuncture at Pal-Hui might mainly affect the memory storage process and had preventive and immediate therapeutic effects on the CXM-induced impairment and its efficacy paralleled acupuncture duration. The preventive effect of acupuncture at Pal-Hui on CXM-induced impairment is significantly reduced by serotonergic 5-HT releaser. However, the detailed mechanism of acupuncture on memory function and the differential mechanism of acupuncture on memory function an analgesia must be further investigated.
Yang, Shu-Chin,Lo, Su-Hua,Shie, Li-Tsuen,Lee, Sung-Wei,Ho, Sheng-Yow Korean Society of Medical Physics 2021 의학물리 Vol.32 No.3
Purpose: The relationship between computed tomography (CT) number and electron density (ED) has been investigated in previous studies. However, the role of these measures for guiding cancer treatment remains unclear. Methods: The CT number was plotted against ED for different imaging protocols. The CT number was imported into ED tables for the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) and was used to determine the effect on dose calculations. Conversion tables for radiation dose calculations were generated and subsequently monitored using a dosimeter to determine the effect of different CT scanning protocols and treatment sites. These tables were used to retrospectively recalculate the radiation therapy plans for 41 patients after an incorrect scanning protocol was inadvertently used. The gamma index was further used to assess the dose distribution, percentage dose difference (DD), and distance-to-agreement (DTA). Results: For densities <1.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±0.6% and the greatest variation was noted for brain protocol conditions. For densities >1.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±21.2% and the greatest variation occurred for the tube voltage and head and neck (H&N) protocol conditions. These findings suggest that the factors most affecting the CT number are the tube voltage and treatment site (brain and H&N). Gamma index analyses for the 41 retrospective clinical cases, as well as brain metastases and H&N tumors, showed gamma passing rates >90% and <90% for the passing criterion of 2%/2 and 1%/1 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The CT protocol should be carefully decided for TPS. The correct protocol should be used for the corresponding TPS based on the treatment site because this especially affects the dose distribution for brain metastases and H&N tumor recognition. Such steps could help reduce systematic errors.
The Improvement of the Opacity and Printing Strength of Fancy Paper Overlaid Plywood
LAN-SHENG KUO,YUAN-SHING PERNG,EUGENE I-CHEN WANG,CHEN-FA YEN,TSUEN-HAN KAO 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
The purpose of this study is to investigate the opacity and printing strength of MG paper overlaid plywood. The printing strength of ink on MG paper can be evaluated effectively by a formula E<SUP>*2</SUP> = [(L<SUP>*</SUP>)<SUP>2</SUP> + (a<SUP>*</SUP>)<SUP>2</SUP> + (b<SUP>*</SUP>)<SUP>2</SUP>]<SUP>1/2</SUP> that we proposed. Higher E value indicates good printing strength of ink-on-paper. We also assess the real color of translucent printed MG paper with a formula CIE △E<SUP>*</SUP> (color difference between a pile of same paper to be opaque and fancy paper laminated board). In addition, the color difference on paper surface caused by the color of wood-based board (bottom) can be evaluated by a formula of Pc. No. Generally, an acceptable appearance quality of fancy boards is △E<SUP>*</SUP> < 2.0 and small Pc.No. value. The experimental results showed that Japan-made MG papers ?J1, J2 and J3 have better printing strength and gloss than that of Taiwan-made paper (T1). The reason for this was that Taiwan-made paper has poor printing strength and low gloss, which might be correlated to the fiber compositions in paper. Higher printing strength can be seen for short fiber containing handsheets when comparing to that of handsheets. Nonetheless, low-freeness sheets gives better printing strength than that of high-freeness sheets. High-opacity MG paper gives good opacifying effect to the fancy paper laminated wood-based boards. Comparing the surface color of 2 kinds of fancy paper laminated boards, paperboard T1 laminated with high-opacity fancy paper showed slight color difference. The same results can be seen for ?? g/㎡ handsheets. Higher-opacity Acacia and Eucalyptus bleached sulfate pulps (short fiber) gives higher opacifying effect on the plywood when comparing to Northan pine and Radiata pine sulfate pulps(long fiber). The former ones also showed small color differences when comparing the color differences between the color of fancy paper and laminated paper board. Additionally, the color of bottom plywood can’t be shown through for the highopacify surface paper adhered to. Besides, the PC No of the base paper laminated board is small as well. Apparently, we can add colorants to the binders for the manufacture of various handsheets (30 g/㎡) with various pulp mix ratios to increase the opacity of paperboards to certain extents. When we using yellow and brown binders in paper laminated board, the color difference between Acacia and Eucalyptus handsheets overlaid boards decreasing to 2.0 (acceptable △E<SUP>*</SUP>< 2.0, hard to discern), but not much improvement for Northern and Radiata pines. Definitely, show-through defects can be discernible for lower opacity papers. In general, admirable printing strength of fancy paper by which glued to plywood can be made with high-opacity paper and colored binders techniques.