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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Tria, G. Scott (검색결과 4 건)
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(The) effect of budget autonomy on education : case study of five provinces in Indonesia
Beny Trias, Oktora Graduate School of International Studies, Korea Un 2010 국내석사
Asia financial crisis in 1997 has become milestone for Indonesia to reform its economical and political systems. Due to variations that exist in Indonesia, reformation in economic and political systems considerably could change the systems that are trapped since 1960 to 1997. In political systems, local government leaders either in regional or in local are elected in local general election and also its local representative members. It is implied to put into practice fiscally decentralized. Education is one important sector that is significantly as public investment can do more for the nation. Reformation in economical and political systems especially decentralization in political and economical would bring efficiency in resource allocation and when efficiency in resources allocation has taken place, education as public goods and services in developing country will improve. This premise is implied in fiscal decentralization theory. The relation between fiscal decentralization that grants budget autonomy and education are very appealing in Indonesia especially in five provinces which are DKI Jakarta province, Kalimantan Timur Province, Papua Province, Riau Province and Sulawesi Selatan Province to perceive whether fiscal decentralization will be positively significant or not. This thesis examines the relationships by developing simple calculation of correlation coefficient of variables of this thesis which are education sector expenditure of each province and school enrollment in numbers of pupils of elementary to university students. The findings are in centralization of fiscal period allocation of resources is more efficient than in decentralization of fiscal period. It is shown by relatively strong positive correlation coefficient in centralization of fiscal periods than in decentralization of fiscal periods. Keywords: Indonesia, fiscal decentralization, education and correlation coefficient
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Total syntheses of platensimycin and platencin
Tria, G. Scott The Scripps Research Institute 2010 해외박사(DDOD)
The bacterial metabolites platensimycin and platencin are representatives of a novel class of natural products exhibiting unique architectures and potent antibacterial activities. Structurally similar, these molecules operate through inhibition of the lipid elongation/initiation enzymes FabF and FabH, found in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis pathway (FAS II). This inhibitory effect accounts for the broad-spectrum, Gram-positive antibacterial activities of both natural products against a number of key antibiotic resistant strains. The ability of platensimycin and platencin to inhibit such strains as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) has made them attractive targets to the synthetic organic community. Herein are presented our synthetic efforts toward both natural products, culminating in the first asymmetric total syntheses of both (--)-platensimycin and (--)-platencin. This thesis outlines the research efforts in their entirety and presents a complete discussion of the methodological means through which these practical syntheses were achieved. The work presented demonstrates the power of a number of key chemical transformations, including the hypervalent iodine-mediated de-aromatizing cyclization of an enantiopure substrate, the Cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction, and the one-pot reductive rearrangement of [3.2.1] bicyclic ketones to [2.2.2] bicyclic olefins.
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Mahmudiono, Trias Kansas State University ProQuest Dissertations & T 2016 해외박사(DDOD)
Child stunting refers to a condition where the child is relatively shorter in height, in comparison to their age group. Child stunting is a public health nutrition problem that hinders the development of future generations, not only physiologically but also potentially deprives their cognitive function and productivity. The demographic transition, conjoined with the epidemiological and nutrition transitions, has resulted in the coexistence of an over- and under-nutrition problem known as double burden of malnutrition, and child stunting has been a persistent part of the problem. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that one-fourth of the children in the developing countries have been suffering from child stunting. The objective of this research was to apply the behavioral epidemiology approach to tackle child stunting in households with double burden of malnutrition. It was hypothesized that unlike any other households with problem of child stunting, households with double burden of malnutrition possess some degree of capacity that, with proper support and direction, might enable them to help themselves reduce or prevent this nutrition-related debacle. Results from a secondary data analysis revealed that child stunting was associated with lower dietary diversity as an indication of poor food choice in the household, related to children's nutrient requirements. Another cross-sectional study in this dissertation was conducted in an urban setting in Indonesia, and found that households with child stunting alone was associated with extreme food insecurity, while households with double burden of malnutrition---in the form of stunted child and overweight/obese mother (SCOWT)---was associated with even a mild degree of food insecurity. These results support our hypothesis that households with double burden of malnutrition lack the capacity to direct their resources properly to prevent child stunting. Most notably, we expected that the role of the mothers to manage healthy food choices through indirect measure of dietary diversity, availability and distribution within the household was lacking. In order to equip mothers with necessary components to be able to overcome these problems, we conducted a behaviorally based intervention that targeted mothers in the households experiencing the problem of double burden of malnutrition. The intervention provided the potential to achieve participant self-administered goal setting to improve diet, as well as child feeding behavior, by means of improved self-efficacy, nutrition literacy and dietary diversity. Maternal self-efficacy may be potentially enhanced by vicarious experience and active mastery experience gained during 6 sessions of behavioral intervention and verbal motivation by community health workers during 6 additional home visits. These studies, collectively comprising the present dissertation, present a message for policy makers in developing countries: nutrition literacy and behaviors for choosing healthy foods are lacking in mothers that affect both maternal and child food intake, but efforts such as improving vicarious and mastery experience on child feeding practices and healthy food choices can boost mother's self-efficacy to engage in appropriate behaviors and improve their child's nutrition.
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