Changes in English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbook Syllabuses in Korea Since 1994

Martin Todd 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.1

Changes in English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbook Syllabuses in Korea Since 1994 Martin Todd* Abstract: The textbook used in a foreign language course has a profound influence over what material is taught, when it is taught and how it is taught. It provides a structure and a syllabus for the program and may also help train inexperienced teachers. The syllabus of a textbook affects the content, the layout and the order of the materials in the textbook. The author looked at the evolution of university level English conversation textbook syllabuses over the last 30 years to see if there are trends that may relate to what was going on in Korea at that time. He did this by evaluating the syllabuses in sixteen English conversation textbooks he had collected over his time teaching in Korea. In the early 1990s, fueled by globalization, the Asian Games in Seoul and the Seoul Olympics, “English Fever” began to take hold of Korea, affecting Koreans’ perception of English, government policy, and the way English was being taught. The perception was that English teaching was failing in Korea, in large part due to the use of the grammar/translation method of teaching and a new emphasis was put on obtaining communicative competence. The author found some patterns. Notably, that the structural syllabus, although it did not increase in popularity, moved from being a primarily grammar based syllabus to having significant lexical input, probably because of the increase in corpus research enabled by the increasing computer power at the time. He also noted that the skill-based syllabus was used in almost all textbooks and became the dominant syllabus. Finally, he found that the syllabuses, since 2008, have converged, so that syllabuses from different publishers and different years were similar. This raises a concern that stakeholders may be getting complacent about examining the textbooks they have available and about the limitation of textbook choice among teachers. Key Words: Syllabus, Curriculum, Textbook, English Fever, English Language Teaching □ Received: Jan. 20, 2024, Revised: Feb. 13, 2024, Accepted: Feb. 20, 2024* Assistant Professor, Yongin Univ., Email: martinhtodd@gmail.com

Distance-dependent capture probability ofmale Mediterranean fruit flies in trimedlure-baited traps in Hawaii

Todd Shelly,Jon Nishimoto,Rick Kurashima 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

Many countries operate regional trapping programs for the detection of exotic tephritid fruit flies, which because of their polyphagous habits pose a serious threat to fruit and vegetable crops. Detection of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), relies primarily on trimedlure (TML), a synthetic malespecific lure, yet few studies have measured the relationship between distance from TML-baited traps and the probability ofmale capture, and consequently the detection sensitivity ofmedfly trapping programs is largely unknown. The present study measured distance-dependent capture probabilities for male C. capitata in TML-baited traps using mark–release–recapture procedures. Releases were performed at distances of 25, 50, 100, and 200m at 4 sites in Hawaii, and the resulting capture rates were used to estimate the minimum detectable population size (detection probability N 99.9%) for a trapping density of 5 TML traps per 2.59 km2 (=1 mi2, the density used in California, USA). Capture rateswere similar for 3 of the sites (6.5%, 3.8%, 1.1%, and 0.1% for the 4 distances, respectively) and yielded an estimated minimum detectable population of ≈2300 males, a value similar to that obtained in a comparable study conducted in California. For unknown reasons, capture rates were significantly lower at the remaining site (1.8%, 0.6%, 0.1%, 0.04%) and the estimated minimum detectable population was correspondingly much larger (≈10,000 males). Implications of these results for medfly detection programs are discussed.

Additional measurements of distance-dependent capture probabilities for released males of Bactrocera cucurbitae and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Honolulu

Todd E. Shelly,Jon Nishimoto 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.3

This paper describes a mark-release-recapture study involving males of two economically important fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and B. dorsalis (Hendel), conducted in Honolulu,Hawaii. In each of three residential neighborhoods in Honolulu, we placed two traps, one baited with cue lure and the other with methyl eugenol (male attractants for B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, respectively), in a single tree. For both species, dyed, mature males from recently established laboratory colonies were released 25, 50,100, and 200 m from the traps along the four compass directions, and for B. dorsalis releases were also made 300 m from the traps. For both B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, the proportion of males captured varied significantly among study areas and among release distances. Averaged over the 3 sites, the percentage of released males captured varied from 14% for releases at 25 mto 0.5% for releases at 200 mfor B. cucurbitae and from 21% for releases at 25 m to 3% for releases at 300 m for B. dorsalis. In general, the capture rates of B. cucurbitae males were similar between California and Hawaii, whereas the captures rates of B. dorsalis males were significantly higher in California than Hawaii for all releases distances tested. Distance-dependent capture rates were used to estimate detection sensitivities for the two species under a trapping regime utilizing 5 cue lure- and 5 methyl eugenol-baited traps per 2.59 km^2 (as currently employed in California) and then compare these sensitivities between California and Hawaii.

Anaemias and Their Management in Southeast Asia

Todd, David,Tso, S.C. Medical Publications Korea 1975 Medical Progress Vol.2 No.7

Capture of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in traps baited with liquid versus solid formulations of male lures

Todd E. Shelly,Rick Kurashima,Jon Nishimoto,A. Diaz,J. Leathers,D. Joseph,M. War 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.4

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important agricultural pests of the Pacific region. Detection and control of these species rely largely on traps baited with malespecific attractants (parapheromones), namely methyl eugenol for B. dorsalis and cue lure for B. cucurbitae. Presently, these lures (plus naled, an insecticide) are applied in liquid form, although this procedure is timeconsuming,and naled as well as methyl eugenol may pose human health risks. Recently, a solid formulation (termed a wafer) has been developed that contains both male lures (plus DDVP, an insecticide), and here we present data from field tests in California and Hawaii that compare the effectiveness of liquid versus solid formulations of the lures in capturing marked, released males of these two Bactrocera species. For both species and in both California and Hawaii, traps baited with the solid formulation of the male lure captured similar or significantly more released flies than the liquid formulation for both fresh and aged baits. Traps in Hawaii also captured wild (unmarked) males of both B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae, and the results obtained for wild flies were similar to those recorded for released flies for both species. Collectively, the results presented suggest that the solid dispenser of the male lures constitutes a reliable substitute for the liquid formulation in detecting incipient Bactrocera outbreaks

BIACCESSIBLE POINTS

Todd, A.R.,Beckenstein, E.,Narici, L. Department of Mathematics 1993 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.33 No.1

"Ministry in Martin Luther and the Lutheran Confessions"

Todd Nichol & Marc Kolden 루터신학대학교 루터연구소 1991 루터 硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Field evaluation of three-component solid food-based dispenser versus torula yeast for capturing Mediterranean and oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Todd Shelly,Rick Kurashima,Thomas Fezza 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3

Certain species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are worldwide pests of fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate trapping programs to detect and monitor invasions. Torula yeast-borax (TYB) solution is a widely used food bait, although its effective field longevity is relatively short (1–2 weeks). This led to the development of a synthetic cone-shaped food dispenser that contains ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine. The food cone has received limited testing, and the objective of this study was to compare captures of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) and the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) in traps baited with the fresh TYB solution versus traps baited with fresh or weathered food cones. Captures showed a female bias for both baits and both species. For C. capitata, fresh food cones generally attracted more individuals than fresh TYB. Weathered food cones attracted similar or greater numbers of medflies than TYB for the initial two weeks, but food cones weathered for 4 or 6 weeks attracted fewer flies than TYB. For B. dorsalis, TYB-baited traps captured more females than fresh or weathered food cone-baited traps in each of six weekly sampling periods, and the differences were statistically significant in weeks 1–4. In a releaserecapture experiment, both C. capitata and B. dorsalis were captured in higher numbers in traps baited with fresh TYB than those baited with food cones weathered for 0 (fresh) to 6 weeks. The implications of these results for fruit fly surveillance are discussed.

Felodipine : Extended Release Formulation in Cardiovascular Disoredrs

Todd, Peter A.,Faulds, Diana Medical Publications Korea 1993 Medical Progress Vol.15 No.9

Mark-release-recapture of males of Bactrocera cucurbitae and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in two residential areas of Honolulu

Todd E. Shelly,James Edu 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.2

This paper describes a mark-release-recapture study involving males of two economically important tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and B. dorsalis (Hendel),conducted over a 2-year period in Honolulu, Hawaii. In each of two residential neighborhoods, we placed two traps, one baited with cue lure and the other with methyl eugenol (male attractants for B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, respectively), in a single tree. Dyed, mature males from recently established laboratory colonies were released 100 or 500 m from the traps along the four compass directions in both winter and summer seasons. In each neighborhood, a total of 5,600 flight-able males of each species were released 100 m from the traps (14 dates×4 directions×100 males/release) and 56,000 flight-able males of each species were released 500 m from the traps (14 dates×4 directions×1,000 males/release). Within each study area, the number of males trapped did not vary significantly with direction or season for either species for either the 100- or 500-m releases. Significantly higher numbers of B. dorsalis males were captured than B. cucurbitae males for both the 100-m (16 versus 8 males/release) and 500-m (7 versus 2 males/release) releases (average values computed over both study areas). Also, following their release, B. dorsalis males were, in general, trapped more quickly than B. cucurbitae males. Given the strong attractancy of methyl eugenol, trap captures for B. dorsalis were lower than expected, and possible explanations are discussed.