UnveilingSources of Stripe Rust Resistance in Diverse Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Germplasm Using Narrow Down Methodology: A Proof of Concept

Saurabh Badoni,Reeku Chaudhary,Ravi Shekhar,Shweta Badoni,Ekhlaque Ahmad,Rishi Pal Gangwar,Kashi Nath Tiwari,Rajendra Singh Rawat,Deepshikha,Jai Prakash Jaiswal 한국작물학회 2017 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.20 No.5

Stripe rust of wheat caused by the fungal pathogen is a destructive foliar disease of wheat. Thus, it is crucial step to characterize the resistant germplasm for stripe rust in a diverse germplasm pool for their ultimate utilization in efficient crop rust resistance breeding. In the present study, we followed two pronged strategies involving integrated phenotypic and molecular characterization of 440 diverse wheat germplasm lines for rust resistance. The germplasm panel was extensively evaluated in field epiphytotic conditions during two consecutive years. After rigorous screening, 72 accessions were successfully revealed as resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust. Subsequently, entries were then evaluated for their field agronomicperformances, considering prerequisites for serving as a donor germplasm,particularly for yield and 33 potential rust-resistant accessions were identified. Furthermore, to detect the sources of resistance, accessions were molecular characterized for potential race-specific resistance genes Yr5, Yr10,Yr15, and effective adult plant resistance (APR) gene Lr34/Yr18/pm38. We identified the 22 accessions possessing one or more single resistance genes and two accessions were observed with at least three of them. Moreover, Lr34/Yr18/pm38 was determined to confer resistance when observed along with any of the race-specific genes. Thus, the study not only provides proof of concept methodology to identify candidate resistant sources from large germplasm collections but simultaneouslyconfirmed the contribution of combining race-specific andnon-specific APR genes. The finding could further assist in the potential deployment of resistant genes directly into the stripe rust breeding program by involving marker-assisted approaches.

Prospective validation of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells as an immunological marker to differentiate intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease

( Ritika Rampal ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Mohamad Nahidul Wari ),( Deepak Madhu ),( Amit Kumar Singh ),( Veena Tiwari ),( V. Pratap Mouli ),( Srikant Mohta ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet Ahuja ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) remain “difficult-to-differentiate” diseases. We have previously documented peripheral blood frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ T-regulatory cells (Treg) as a biomarker to differentiate CD and ITB. We tried to validate these results in a larger cohort of CD and ITB patients. Methods: Seventy treatment naïve patients of CD (n=23) and ITB (n=47) (diagnosed by standard criteria) were recruited prospectively from October 2016 to May 2017. Patients with history of antitubercular therapy in the past were excluded. The frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry, and compared between CD and ITB patients. Results: Similar to our previous study, frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly increased in ITB as compared to CD patients (40.9 [interquartile range, 33-50] vs. 24.9 [interquartile range, 14.4-29.6], P< 0.001). Further, the receiver operating characteristics curve also showed good diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89) and a FOXP3⁺ cutoff value of >31.3% had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 82.6% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Even for the indeterminate cases (n=33), Treg cell frequency had similar diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.95) and a cutoff of 32.37% had sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 95% respectively, to differentiate ITB from CD. Conclusions: The current findings validate that the increased frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ Treg in the peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy to differentiate ITB from CD. (Intest Res 2021;19:232-238)

Microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical analysis of carbon doped AISI carbon steels

Ishtiaq Muhammad,Inam Aqil,Tiwari Saurabh,설재복 한국현미경학회 2022 Applied microscopy Vol.52 No.1

The effect of carbon doping contents on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion properties of heat-treated AISI steel grades of plain carbon steel was investigated in this study. Various microstructures including coarse ferrite-pearlite, fine ferrite-pearlite, martensite, and bainite were developed by different heat treatments i.e. annealing, normalizing, quenching, and austempering, respectively. The developed microstructures, micro-hardness, and corrosion properties were investigated by a light optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electromechanical (Vickers Hardness tester), and electrochemical (Gamry Potentiostat) equipment, respectively. The highest corrosion rates were observed in bainitic microstructures (2.68–12.12 mpy), whereas the lowest were found in the fine ferritic-pearlitic microstructures (1.57–6.36 mpy). A direct correlation has been observed between carbon concentration and corrosion rate, i.e. carbon content resulted in an increase in corrosion rate (2.37 mpy for AISI 1020 to 9.67 mpy for AISI 1050 in annealed condition).

Prediction of phishing websites using machine learning

Mithilesh Kumar Pandey,Munindra Kumar Singh,Saurabh Pal,B. B. Tiwari 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.2

With the growing popularity of the information science, more application is being integrated with websites that can be accessed directly through the internet. This has increased the possibility of attack by ill-legal persons to steal personal information. To identify a phishing assault, several strategies have been presented. However, there is still opportunity for progress in the fight against phishing. The objective of this research paper is to develop a more accurate prediction model using Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Classifiers (GBC) with three features selection techniques Extra Tree (ET), Chi-Square and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). Since phishing websites dataset contains 89 features, therefore we have applied extra tree and chi-square, feature selection method to identify the limited important features and then recursive features elimination technique has been used to reduce the dataset up-to optimum important features. We have compared the performance of the developed model using machine learning algorithms and find the best prediction performance using GBC, followed by RF and DT. These algorithmic models capture the trends from various cases of phishing with over R-square, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), in each case.

Quantitative analysis of retained austenite in Nb added Fe-based alloy

Ko Kwang Kyu,Jang Jin Ho,Tiwari Saurabh,Hyo Ju Bae,Sung Hyo Kyung,Kim Jung Gi,설재복 한국현미경학회 2022 Applied microscopy Vol.52 No.1

The use of Pipelines for long-distance transportation of crude oil, natural gas and similar applications is increasing and has pivotal importance in recent times. High specific strength plays a crucial role in improving transport efficiency through increased pressure and improved laying efficiency through reduced diameter and weight of line pipes. TRIP-based high-strength and high-ductility alloys comprise a mixture of ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite that provide excellent mechanical properties such as dimensional stability, fatigue strength, and impact toughness. This study performs microstructure analysis using both Nital etching and LePera etching methods. At the time of Nital etching, it is difficult to distinctly observe second phase. However, using LePera etching conditions it is possible to distinctly measure the M/A phase and ferrite matrix. The fraction measurement was done using OM and SEM images which give similar results for the average volume fraction of the phases. Although it is possible to distinguish the M/A phase from the SEM image of the sample subjected to LePera etching. However, using Nital etching is nearly impossible. Nital etching is good at specific phase analysis than LePera etching when using SEM images.

Seasonality in Freight Rates

Totakura Bangar Raju,Pradeep Chauhan,Saurabh Tiwari,Vishal kashav 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2020 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.18 No.4