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Thomas Schubert,Jacqueline Schlegel,Rainer Schmid,Susanne Grässel,Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff,Alfred Opolka,Martin Humphries 생화학분자생물학회 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.3
Melanoma inhibiting activity/cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (MIA/CD-RAP) is a small soluble protein secreted from malignant melanoma cells and from chondrocytes. Recently, we revealed that MIA/CD-RAP can modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2-induced osteogenic differentiation into a chondrogenic direction. In the current study we aimed to find the molecular details of this MIA/CD-RAP function. Direct influence of MIA on BMP2 by protein-protein-interaction or modulating SMAD signaling was ruled out experimentally. Instead, we revealed inhibition of ERK signaling by MIA/CD-RAP. This inhibition is regulated via binding of MIA/CD-RAP to integrin α5 and abolishing its activity. Active ERK signaling is known to block chondrogenic differentiation and we revealed induction of aggrecan expression in chondrocytes by treatment with MIA/CD-RAP or PD098059,an ERK inhibitor. In in vivo models we could support the role of MIA/CD-RAP in influencing osteogenic differentiation negatively. Further, MIA/CD-RAP-deficient mice revealed an enhanced calcified cartilage layer of the articular cartilage of the knee joint and disordered arrangement of chondrocytes. Taken together,our data indicate that MIA/CD-RAP stabilizes cartilage differentiation and inhibits differentiation into bone potentially by regulating signaling processes during differentiation.
Simulation of the Electrical Resistance Sintering of Hardmetal Powders
Juan Manuel Montes,Francisco J. de la Viña,Íñigo Agote,Thomas Schubert,Francisco G. Cuevas,Yadir Torres,José María Gallardo,Jesús Cintas 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.2
The simulation of the electrical resistance sintering (ERS) of hardmetal powders has been studied. The ERS process canproduce a quick consolidation of electrical conductive powders by the simultaneous application of pressure and electricalcurrent. A model of the process has been developed, integrating three actions, namely, thermal, mechanical and electrical,and taking into account the nature of both the powders and the die where powders are placed. The model has been implementedin COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element commercial program. This paper deals with the model fundamentals andhardmetal particular aspects, such as modelling properties of mixed powders and its thermal behaviour. Other parameters inthe model have been tuned to optimally fit the initial experimental data. To check simulation results, measurable parametershave been monitored during experimental tests with WC–6 wt% Co. Once the model was completed and put to work, resultsare discussed.