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Quasi-Quadrature Modulation Method for Power-Efficient Video Transmission Over LTE Networks
Maksymyuk, Taras,Longzhe Han,Xiaohu Ge,Hsiao-Hwa Chen,Minho Jo IEEE 2014 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY Vol.63 No.5
<P>New emerging services, such as real-time video streaming or video on demand, are causing rapid growth in packet transmission over wireless networks. Unlike voice calls, for which the duration is usually not very long, video streaming applications require continuous transmission for a long time. Therefore, video streaming applications in mobile networks consume more energy compared with voice calls. Thus, the task of optimizing data transmission algorithms has become more important during the last few years. Apparently, the majority of multimedia traffic is video transmission. These applications consume much more power, compared with audio or general data transmission, because of higher throughput requirements. This paper addresses the problem of decreasing power consumption due to video transmission applications in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks. There are existing solutions for managing power consumption during video transmission. In particular, Third-Generation Partnership Project LTE Advanced (LTE-A) has defined the discontinuous reception/transmission (DRX/DRT) mechanism to allow devices to turn off their radio interfaces and go to sleep in various patterns. Some other similar solutions suggest DRX/DRT optimization to maximize the sleep periods of devices while guaranteeing quality of service in multimedia applications. However, existing solutions for packet transmission optimization are not very effective without physical-layer optimization. However, existing solutions for packet transmission optimization are not very effective without physical-layer optimization. We suggest a new method of modulation for improving energy efficiency of wireless video transmission. Four different schemes of quasi-quadrature modulation using multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques with different quality of service performances are proposed in this paper. We simulate H.264/AVC video transmission. Results confirm the theoretical analysis. The proposed approach is able to improve energy efficiency while providing the same packet loss probability.</P>
Jeon, Mansik,Jenkins, Samir,Oh, Junghwan,Kim, Jeehyun,Peterson, Tara,Chen, Jingyi,Kim, Chulhong Future Medicine Ltd 2014 Nanomedicine Vol.9 No.9
<P>The objectives of this study were to demonstrate nonionizing photoacoustic tomography (PAT) of bladders with near-infrared absorbing gold nanocages (GNCs) as an optical-turbid tracer and to investigate the fate of GNCs after photoacoustic imaging.</P>
A New Comprehensive Short-form Health Literacy Survey Tool for Patients in General
Tuyen Van Duong,Peter WuShou Chang,Shih-Hsien Yang,Ming-Chu Chen,Wei-Ting Chao,Tara Chen,Priscilla Chiao,Hsiao-Ling Huang 한국간호과학회 2017 Asian Nursing Research Vol.11 No.1
Purpose: To validate a conceptual short-form health literacy 12 items questionnaire (HL-SF12) in patient populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a convenient sample of 403 patients from three departments of a community general hospital in the northern Taiwan. Patients’ health literacy was assessed with a validated HL-SF12, derived from the full scale, the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q), as well as a single-item from Chew’s Set of Brief Health Literacy Question. A reference population in Northern Taiwan (n = 928) via the HLS-EU-Q in 2013e2014 was used as a reference to compare the health literacy between that of the general public and the patients. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression models. Results: Patients’ health literacy assessed with the HL-SF12 was shown with high internal consistency (Cronbach a = .87), and moderately correlated with the single-item from Chew's Set of Brief Health Literacy Question, with satisfactory item-scale convergent validity (item-scale correlation> .40), without floor/ceiling effect, and with satisfactory goodness of fit indices of the three-factor construct model for most of the patients. Their health literacy was significantly positively associated with female gender, higher income, and more often watching health-related TV programs. On the other hands, patients were reported with significantly higher healthcare health literacy than the general public, but not in general health literacy, disease prevention health literacy, or health promotion health literacy. Conclusion: The comprehensive HL-SF12 was a valid and easy to use tool for assessing patients’ health literacy in the hospitals to facilitate healthcare providers in enhancing patients’ health literacy and healthcare qualities.