Promising Ternary Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations of Cromolyn Sodium: Formulation and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation

Erbary, Ahmed Abd,Tadros, Mina I.,El-laithy, Hanan. M. 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.6

Glucose monohydrate and sorbitol were evaluated as alternative carriers to a-lactose monohydrate in dry powder inhalations. Cromolyn sodium (CS) - carrier binary formulae were prepared and tested in vitro by aerosolization via a twin stage impinger using three types of inhaler devices; Spinhaler$^{\circledR}$, Aerolizer$^{\circledR}$ and Handihaler$^{\circledR}$. Glucose monohydrate and sorbitol-containing formulae that were inhaled via a Handihaler$^{\circledR}$ showed significantly higher drug fine particle fractions (P<0.001) than that of the same formulae aerosolized via other devices. Upon storage of the prepared formulae under uncontrolled humidity, that may be encountered during storage and use, marked reductions in these fractions were observed. Incorporation of an optimum Aerosil$^{\circledR}$ 200 concentration, as a ternary component, minimized this effect. A urinary excretion pharmacokinetic method was used to evaluate the bioavailability of the selected tar-nary formulae, Inhaled via a Handihaler$^{\circledR}$, relative to the marketed Intal$^{\circledR}$ Spincaps$^{\circledR}$, inhaled via a Spinhaler$^{\circledR}$. It was found that the relative bioavailability percentages of the developed formulae were more than twice that of the marketed one suggesting possible future utilization of these more effective ternrry formulae using the more efficient Handihaler$^{\circledR}$ inhaler device.

High frequency ultrasound mediated transdermal delivery of ondansetron hydrochloride employing bilosomal gel systems: ex-vivo and in-vivo characterization studies

Ammar Hussein Osman,Mohamed Magdy Ibrahim,Tadros Mina Ibrahim,Fouly Aya Adel 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.6

Purpose Ondansetron hydrochloride (OND) suffers from rapid elimination ( t1/2 = 3–4 h), moderate bioavailability (60%) and inconvenience following oral administration in emetic patients. As an alternative convenient approach, the current work explored the potential of high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) waves to promote transdermal delivery of OND via bilosomal gel systems (BGS) in an attempt to increase OND bioavailability and achieve a rapid onset of action in patients suffering from emesis. Methods OND-loaded BGS were prepared and characterized for pH and rheologic properties. The variables influencing HFU were optimized, viz. bilosomal system: coupling-gel ratio (1:2 or 1:3), application period (5, 10 or 15 min) and (iii) ultrasound intensity (medium or high), mode (continuous or pulsed) & duty cycle (20, 50 or 100%). Ex-vivo permeation and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies were conducted. The best achieved BGS (BGS10-HFU) was subjected to histopathologic and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Results OND-loaded BGS were shear thinning systems having tolerable pH values for skin application. The optimized HFU variables involved the utilization of a bilosomal system: coupling-gel ratio of 1:3 and the application of high intensity, continuous and 100% duty cycle ultrasound waves for 10 min. Ex-vivo permeation and CLSM studies revealed the superiority of BGS10 following HFU-pretreatment. BGS10-HFU exhibited minor histopathologic changes. Compared to an oral OND solution, BGS10-HFU system had significantly (P < 0.05) higher AUC 0–24 and AUC 0–∞values. Non-significant differences between Cmax and tmax values were revealed. Conclusion The best achieved system (BGS10-HFU) can increase OND bioavailability and initiate a rapid onset of action.

The effect of supplemental irrigation from polyacrylamide-treated microcatchments on the growth of acacia saligna in dryland

Naji K. Al-Mefleh,Maher Tadros,Majed M. Abu-Zreig 한국산림과학회 2019 Forest Science And Technology Vol.15 No.3

A field study was carried to determine the impact of the land application of polyacrylamide (PAM) on the runoff used for supplemental irrigation. Five treatments were investigated: PAM A-130, PAM A-836, PAM Aerotil, plastic mulch, and natural (no PAM no mulch). Runoff was collected in barrels placed at the downstream end of fifteen plots and then used for the irrigation of acacia trees planted in an experimental site in Jordan. The growth characteristics of the acacia were monitored over a two-year period from 2009 to 2010. The total runoff volumes were significantly different over PAM A-836, PAM Aerotil, and plastic mulch compared to the natural. The results showed that supplemental irrigation of acacia with water collected from PAM plots significantly increased the acacia height and number of leaves compared to the natural and rainfed treatments. The use of PAM-treated runoff also slightly increased the number of branches of the acacia, but the increase was only significant in the case of PAM A-836. There was a weak correlation between the volume of supplemental irrigation generated and the morphological characteristics. The type of PAM seems to have improved plant growth irrespective of the volume of runoff collected.

Technological and economic study of ship recycling in Egypt

Yousri M. A. Welaya,Maged M. Abdel Naby,Mina Y. Tadros 대한조선학회 2012 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.4 No.4

The ship recycling industry is growing rapidly. It is estimated that the International Maritime Organiz¬ation’s (IMO) decision to phase-out single hull tankers by 2015 will result in hundreds of ships requiring disposal. At present, the ship recycling industry is predominantly based in South Asia. Due to the bad practice of current scrapping procedure, the paper will highlight the harm occurring to health, safety and environment. The efforts of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) which led to the signing of the Hong Kong International Convention are also reviewed. The criteria and standards required to reduce the risk and damage to the environment are discussed and a proposed plan for the safe scrapping of ships is then presented. A technological and economic study for the ship recycling in Egypt is carried out as a case study. This includes the ship recycling facility size and layout. The equipment and staff required to operate the facility are also evaluated. A cost analysis is then carried out. This includes site development, human resources, machineries and equipment. A fuzzy logic approach is used to assess the benefits of the ship breaking yard. The use of the fuzzy logic approach is found suitable to make decisions for the ship breaking in¬dustry. Based on given constraints, the proposed model has proved capable of assessing the profit and the internal rate of return.

Technological and economic study of ship recycling in Egypt

Welaya, Yousri M.A.,Abdel Naby, Maged M.,Tadros, Mina Y. The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2012 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.4 No.4

The ship recycling industry is growing rapidly. It is estimated that the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) decision to phase-out single hull tankers by 2015 will result in hundreds of ships requiring disposal. At present, the ship recycling industry is predominantly based in South Asia. Due to the bad practice of current scrapping procedure, the paper will highlight the harm occurring to health, safety and environment. The efforts of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) which led to the signing of the Hong Kong International Convention are also reviewed. The criteria and standards required to reduce the risk and damage to the environment are discussed and a proposed plan for the safe scrapping of ships is then presented. A technological and economic study for the ship recycling in Egypt is carried out as a case study. This includes the ship recycling facility size and layout. The equipment and staff required to operate the facility are also evaluated. A cost analysis is then carried out. This includes site development, human resources, machineries and equipment. A fuzzy logic approach is used to assess the benefits of the ship breaking yard. The use of the fuzzy logic approach is found suitable to make decisions for the ship breaking industry. Based on given constraints, the proposed model has proved capable of assessing the profit and the internal rate of return.

The Use of Testicular Sperm for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Patients with High Sperm DNA Damage: A Systematic Review

Ambar Rafael F.,Agarwal Ashok,Majzoub Ahmad,Vij Sarah,Tadros Nicholas N.,Cho Chak-Lam,Parekh Neel,Borges Edson,Glina Sidney 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.3

The advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has changed the human reproduction landscape by overcoming several limitations related to both male and female infertility factors. However, despite the development of new technologies, the live-birth rate with ICSI has not exceeded 30%. In order to improve assisted reproductive technology outcomes, advanced sperm function analysis have gained increased attention and the effects of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) on assisted repro-duction success are being extensively studied. Utilizing ejaculated sperm with an elevated SDF has been found to result in poor ICSI outcomes. Furthermore, studies have reported that testicular sperm has lower SDF level, when compared to ejacu-lated sperm. This has led a number of clinicians world-wide to offer testicular sperm retrieval for ICSI in non-azoospermic males with high SDF. This practice has remained controversial due to lack of high quality evidence.

Serum Human Leukocyte Antigen-G and Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor Levels in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemic Pediatric Patients

Motawi, Tarek M.K.,Zakhary, Nadia I.,Salman, Tarek M.,Tadros, Samer A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Aims and Background: Human leukocyte antigen-G and interleukin-2 receptor play pivotal roles in the proliferation of lymphocytes, and thus generation of immune responses. Their overexpression has been evidenced in different malignant hematopoietic diseases. This study aimed to validate serum soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) as an additional tool for the diagnosis and follow up of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Subjects and Methods: Both markers were determined by ELISA in the serum of 33 ALL pediatric patients before treatment and after intensification phase of chemotherapy as well as in the serum of 14 healthy donors that were selected as a control group. Results: ALL patients showed abnormal CBC and high serum lactate dehydrogenase, which were improved after chemotherapy. Also, there was a non-significant increase in serum sHLA-G in ALL patients compared with the control group. However, after chemotherapy, sHLA-G was increased significantly compared with before treatment. On the other hand, serum sIL-2R in ALL patients was increased significantly compared with the control group. After chemotherapy, sIL-2R decreased significantly compared with before treatment. Conclusions: From these results it could be suggested that measurement of serum sHLA-G might be helpful in diagnosis of ALL, while sIL-2R might be useful in diagnosis and follow-up of ALL in pediatric patients.

Promising Ternary Dry Powder Inhaler Formulations of Cromolyn Sodium: Formulation and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation

Ahmed Abd Elbary,Hanan. M. El-laithy,Mina I. Tadros 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.6

Glucose monohydrate and sorbitol were evaluated as alternative carriers to á-lactose monohydrate in dry powder inhalations. Cromolyn sodium (CS) - carrier binary formulae were prepared and tested in vitro by aerosolization via a twin stage impinger using three types of inhaler devices; Spinhaler, Aerolizerand Handihaler. Glucose monohydrate and sorbitolcontaining formulae that were inhaled via a Handihaler showed significantly higher drug fine particle fractions (P<0.001) than that of the same formulae aerosolized via other devices. Upon storage of the prepared formulae under uncontrolled humidity, that may be encountered during storage and use, marked reductions in these fractions were observed. Incorporation of an optimum Aerosil 200 concentration, as a ternary component, minimized this effect. A urinary excretion pharmacokinetic method was used to evaluate the bioavailability of the selected ternary formulae, inhaled via a Handihaler, relative to the marketed Intal Spincaps , inhaled via a Spinhaler. It was found that the relative bioavailability percentages of the developed formulae were more than twice that of the marketed one suggesting possible future utilization of these more effective ternrry formulae using the more efficient Handihaler inhaler device.

Role of Cytocentrifugation Combined with Nuclear Fast Picroindigocarmine Staining in Detecting Cryptozoospermia in Men Diagnosed with Azoospermia

Sharma Rakesh Kumar,Gupta Sajal,Agarwal Ashok,Finelli Renata,Kuroda Shinnosuke,Saleh Ramadan,Boitrelle Florence,Kavoussi Parviz,Gül Murat,Tadros Nicholas,Ko Edmund,Farkouh Ala’a,Henkel Ralf,Arafa Moha 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.4

Purpose: Azoospermia is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the pellet of a centrifuged semen sample. In fact, when a basic semen analysis fails to detect sperm in the ejaculate, there is still the possibility of detecting rare sperm after centrifugation of the sample and examination of the pellet. In this study, we assessed the role of Cytospin centrifugation in combination with the nuclear fast picroindigocarmine (NF-PIC) staining in identifying sperm in azoospermic samples. Materials and Methods: Semen samples of 251 men diagnosed as having azoospermia after standard examination were further analyzed by Cytospin centrifugation in combination with NF-PIC staining. Results: Sperm were detected in 60 men (23.9%), thus changing their diagnosis to cryptozoospermia. Conclusions: By identifying sperm in the semen of men who were thought to have total azoospermia, the Cytospin NF-PIC test can alter the diagnosis and further treatment of these men.

Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A Critical Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines

Agarwal Ashok,Farkouh Ala'a,Parekh Neel,Zini Armand,Arafa Mohamed,Kandil Hussein,Tadros Nick,Busetto Gian Maria,Ambar Rafael,Parekattil Sijo,Boitrelle Florence,Sallam Hassan N.,Jindal Sunil,Ko Edmund 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.1

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is implicated in male infertility and adverse reproductive outcomes. With the publication of many studies regarding the etiologies and contributors to SDF, as well as the effects of SDF, guidelines are necessary to aid clinicians in the application of SDF for male fertility evaluation. Two recent clinical practice guidelines were published by Agarwal et al and Esteves et al. In this article, we have evaluated and compared both guidelines. We have found fairly similar recommendations between the two guidelines and have also highlighted the differences between them. Finally, we have summarized and combined the best practice recommendations from both guidelines.