Lead Optimization of a Novel Series of Imidazo[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyridine Amides Leading to a Clinical Candidate (Q203) as a Multi- and Extensively-Drug-Resistant Anti-tuberculosis Agent

Kang, Sunhee,Kim, Ryang Yeo,Seo, Min Jung,Lee, Saeyeon,Kim, Young Mi,Seo, Mooyoung,Seo, Jeong Jea,Ko, Yoonae,Choi, Inhee,Jang, Jichan,Nam, Jiyoun,Park, Seijin,Kang, Hwankyu,Kim, Hyung Jun,Kim, Jungjun American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.57 No.12

<P>A critical unmet clinical need to combat the global tuberculosis epidemic is the development of potent agents capable of reducing the time of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis therapy. In this paper, we report on the optimization of imidazo[1,2-<I>a</I>]pyridine amide (IPA) lead compound <B>1</B>, which led to the design and synthesis of Q203 (<B>50</B>). We found that the amide linker with IPA core is very important for activity against <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> H37Rv. Linearity and lipophilicity of the amine part in the IPA series play a critical role in improving in vitro and in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile. The optimized IPAs <B>49</B> and <B>50</B> showed not only excellent oral bioavailability (80.2% and 90.7%, respectively) with high exposure of the area under curve (AUC) but also displayed significant colony-forming unit (CFU) reduction (1.52 and 3.13 log<SUB>10</SUB> reduction at 10 mg/kg dosing level, respectively) in mouse lung.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2014/jmcmar.2014.57.issue-12/jm5003606/production/images/medium/jm-2014-003606_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm5003606'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effect of Fullerene Tris-adducts on the Photovoltaic Performance of P3HT:Fullerene Ternary Blends

Kang, Hyunbum,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kang, Tae Eui,Cho, Chul-Hee,Park, Sunhee,Yoon, Sung Cheol,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.10

<P>Fullerene tris-adducts have the potential of achieving high open-circuit voltages (<I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB>) in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs), because their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level is higher than those of fullerene mono- and bis-adducts. However, no successful examples of the use of fullerene tris-adducts as electron acceptors have been reported. Herein, we developed a ternary-blend approach for the use of fullerene tris-adducts to fully exploit the merit of their high LUMO level. The compound <I>o</I>-xylenyl C<SUB>60</SUB> tris-adduct (OXCTA) was used as a ternary acceptor in the model system of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron donor and the two soluble fullerene acceptors of OXCTA and fullerene monoadduct (<I>o</I>-xylenyl C<SUB>60</SUB> monoadduct (OXCMA), phenyl C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), or indene-C<SUB>60</SUB> monoadduct (ICMA)). To explore the effect of OXCTA in ternary-blend PSC devices, the photovoltaic behavior of the device was investigated in terms of the weight fraction of OXCTA (<I>W</I><SUB>OXCTA</SUB>). When <I>W</I><SUB>OXCTA</SUB> is small (<0.3), OXCTA can generate a synergistic bridging effect between P3HT and the fullerene monoadduct, leading to simultaneous enhancement in both <I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB> and short-circuit current (<I>J</I><SUB>SC</SUB>). For example, the ternary PSC devices of P3HT:(OXCMA:OXCTA) with <I>W</I><SUB>OXCTA</SUB> of 0.1 and 0.3 exhibited power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.91% and 3.96%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the 3.61% provided by the P3HT:OXCMA device. Interestingly, for <I>W</I><SUB>OXCTA</SUB> > 0.7, both <I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB> and PCE of the ternary-blend PSCs exhibited nonlinear compositional dependence on <I>W</I><SUB>OXCTA</SUB>. We noted that the nonlinear compositional trend of P3HT:(OXCMA:OXCTA) was significantly different from that of P3HT:(OXCMA:<I>o</I>-xylenyl C<SUB>60</SUB> bis-adduct (OXCBA)) ternary-blend PSC devices. The fundamental reasons for the differences between the photovoltaic trends of the two different ternary-blend systems were investigated systemically by comparing their optical, electrical, and morphological properties.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-10/am400695e/production/images/medium/am-2013-00695e_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am400695e'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Customer Satisfaction in Korean Insurance Industry

Kang, Sunhee(강선희),Kang, Bohyeon(강보현) 한국유통학회 2014 한국유통학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.2

A Case Study on the Improvement of Hyperlipidemia Patients Using Ortho-Cellular Nutrition Therapy (OCNT)

Sunhee Kang(강선희) 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2023 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.13 No.9

Objective: A case report on the Improvement of Hyperlipidemia Patients Using Ortho-Cellular Nutrition Therapy (OCNT). Methods: A Korean woman in her 50s was diagnosed with hyperlipidemia, and she has had a very high level of LDL-cholesterol. Results: After performing OCNT, the LDL-cholesterol level decreased from 208 mg/dL to 109 mg/dL. Conclusion: The application of OCNT to patients with hyperlipidemia can help reduce their LDLcholesterol levels and relieve symptoms.

단체협약의 성립에 대한 민법 일반규정의 적용 가능성과 법적 효과

강선희(Kang Sunhee) 고려대학교 노동문제연구소 2011 노동연구 Vol.22 No.-

단체협약이라 함은 협약능력을 가진 노동조합과 사용자 또는 사용자단체간의 근로조건 기타 근로자의 대우에 관한 기준 및 노사관계의 제반 사항을 체결한 협정을 의미하며, 이러한 단체협약은 협약당사자간에 계약이라는 형태로 성립되며 그 자치의 범위 내에 있는 구성원에게 규범적 효력을 미치고 있다. 단체협약에서 정한 ‘근로조건 기타 근로자의 대우에 관한 기준’은 협약당사자 외의 제3자(각 단체의 구성원)에게 직접적으로 적용되고 ‘무효’로 하는 강행적 효력을 가진다(노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제33조). 이와 같이 단체 협약이 법규범적 효력을 갖기는 하나 이의 성립은 당사자 사이에서 계약적인 형태로 체결된다는 측면에서 민법 일반규정의 적용을 배제하기 어렵지만 그렇다고 단체협약에 그대로 적용할 수 있을 것인지는 검토를 필요로 한다. 이러한 필요성에 따라 본 논문은 단체협약의 법규범적 효력(노조법 제33조)을 전제로 하여 성립요건의 내용에 대한 평가와 아울러 효력요건에 있어서 민법의 일반규정(제103조 반사회질서의 법률행위, 제104조 불공정 법률행위, 제 107조~제110조 의사표시의 흠과 하자)을 적용할 수 있을지 여부에 대해 구체적으로 상세하게 검토하였다. 단체협약에 이러한 민법상 일반규정의 적용 가능성을 완전히 배제한 것은 아니지만 민법상 일반규정이 적용되더라도 일부 무효의 법리를 통해 해결하거나, 그 적용을 금지 내지 제한하여야 한다고 보았다. 왜냐하면 단체협약은 일반계약과 달리 법규범적 성격이 있으며 근로자보호라는 측면이 있기 때문이다. A collective agreement is an agreement regulating conditions to be observed in employment contracts or otherwise in employment relations, concluded by a single employer or employers’ association on one side, and trade union on the other side. Art. 33(Validity of Terms and Conditions) of Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act(TULRAA): “Part of the rules of employment or contract of employment which violates the standards concerning working conditions and other treatment of workers specified in collective agreement shall be null and void(§33 ①)”, and “Matters which are not stipulated by a contract of employment, and what has been invalidated by paragraph (1), shall be governed by the terms and conditions of collective agreement (§33 ②).” Even though a collective agreement has a normative effect as stated above, it is a contract of Civil Act concluded between parties involved which makes Civil Act applicable to collective agreements. However it remains to be thoroughly examined whether General Provisions of Civil Act are generally applicable to collective agreements. This paper aims to evaluate contents of the requirements for existence of collective agreements premised on validity of standards(TULRAA §33) and to closely examine the possibility to apply General Provisions of Civil Act such as juristic act against social order(Civil Act §103), unfair juristic act(Civil Act §104), flaws in declaration of intention (Civil Act §107~§110) when it comes to requirements for effectivation of collective agreements. It is not completely ruled out that General Provisions Civil Act are applicable to collective agreements. Nevertheless, application of General Provisions Civil Act should be prohibited or limited with use of legal theory of partial invalidity as collective agreements have normative features and the purpose to protect workers which differentiate them from normal civil contracts.

설치 가전 구매 시 설치 불가 비중을 줄이기 위한 서비스 시나리오 제안

강선희(SunHee Kang),박승민(SeungMin Park) 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

단체협약 종료의 효과와 새로운 대안의 모색

강선희(Sunhee Kang) 한국고용노사관계학회 2010 産業關係硏究 Vol.20 No.3

단체협약의 종료 이후에 그 효력을 존속시킨다는 취지의 별도 입법이 없는 우리나라에서는 단체협약이 종료된다면 어떠한 효력도 남기지 않으므로 여후효(사후적 효력)는 성립되지 아니하며 실효(失效)하게 된다. 관행적으로 단체협약의 종료 후의 근로관계에 대한 협약의 영향에 대해 여후효의 문제로 다루어왔으나 바로 앞서 말한 바와 같이 단체협약이 종료한다면 실효하게 되므로 계속적 효력을 갖지 않기 때문에 엄밀한 의미에서 여후효는 성립하지 않는다는 데에 이론이 없다. 이와 같이 단체협약이 실효된 후 새로운 단체협약이 체결되지 않을 경우 무협약 상태가 초래될 경우 종전 단체협약에 의해 규율되던 근로관계의 근로조건 및 집단적 노사관계에 관한 규정은 어떻게 되느냐의 문제가 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 단체협약의 직접적 효력에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 위의 사안에 대하여 외국의 입법례 및 해석론에서의 시사점을 얻어 해석론적ㆍ입법론적 측면에서 검토하였다. The existing research treat the employment relation after expiration of collective agreements as the problem of 'after-effect'. Under German law the after-effect(nachwirkung) of collective agreement expiration without being replaced by a new one(TVG §33 (5)). In such case, the provisions of the old agreement must be applied until replacement by a new agreement. But in the Korean labor law(Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act), 'after-effect' does not has any clause about the after-effect. There are two views on the direct effect of collective agreements, the first view is that there is incorporation of so-called the normative part of the agreement ('the standards concerning working conditions and other treatment of workers') into the individual contract of employment(incorporation theory). The normative provision continues to shape the employment contract even after the expiration of collective agreements. The second view is that the normative provision are governed by independent of the employment contract as a legal norm(independent governing theory). This article has the latter view. Under this view, this article examined not only the effect on employment relations after expiration of collective agreement(the expiry date of the existing agreement, termination of collective agreements etc.) but also the effect on collective relations. In conclusion, this article seeks legislative programs for improvement.

기업의 사회적 책임활동에 대한 소비자의 인식, 지각된 가치, 그리고 반응

강선희(Sunhee Kang),노미진(Mijin Noh),강보현(Bohyeon Kang) 한국경영학회 2016 Korea Business Review Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임활동(Corporate Social Responsibility: CSR) 인식이 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 제품에 대한 소비자의 지각된 가치를 다차원으로 하여 살펴본다. 소비자 가치는 기능적 가치, 사회적 가치, 감정적 가치, 윤리적 가치로 살펴보고, 소비자 반응은 기업평판, 충성도, 구전의도, 기업동일시로 살펴본다. 국내에 거주하는 일반 소비자를 대상으로 총 500부의 설문지를 배부하여 기업의 사회적 책임활동에 참여해본 경험이 있는 사람으로부터 240부, 참여 경험이 없는 소비자로부터 230부씩 총 470부의 설문지를 회수하였고, CSR활동에 참여해 본 경험이 있는 소비자가 CSR활동에 대해 제대로 인식하고 있다고 판단하여 참여경험이 있는 소비자의 유효설문지 240부 중 미완성된 설문지 10부를 제외한 230부를 본 연구 분석에 이용하였다. 분석한 결과, 기업의 사회적 책임활동에 대한 인식은 사회적 책임활동을 수행하고 있는 기업의 제품 혹은 서비스의 가치지각에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 기능적 가치를 제외한 사회적, 감정적, 윤리적 가치는 소비자 반응변수에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기능적 가치의 경우, 기업평판과 기업동일시에서 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 CSR활동과 소비자 태도의 관계에서 지각된 가치라는 심리적 매커니즘을 다차원으로 살펴보았으며, CSR활동에 실제적으로 참여해본 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 연구하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 CSR활동을 수행하는 기업의 마케팅 담당자들은 기업의 제품을 광고하거나 판촉활동을 할 경우, 제품이 지닌 사회적 가치, 감정적 가치, 윤리적 가치가 소비자에게 잘 지각되게 하는 전략을 수립해야함을 제시하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to verify the hypotheses with regard to the effects of perception of Corporate Social Responsibility activities on perceived value and consumer responses such as corporate reputation, loyalty, word of mouth and corporate identification. A Questionnaire survey was conducted on 240 respondents who have previously participated in CSR activities, especially in social volunteering campaigns and 230 questionnaires were available to use. To examine the hypotheses statistic programs such as SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 were used. The results are as follows. The consumers’ perception of Corporate Social Responsibility activities has a positive effect on the perceived value such as functional value, social value, emotional value and ethical value as hypothesized. Secondly, most values besides functional value affect those consumer responses. It showed that functional value does not affect corporate reputation and identification in this research. This study has significance because it showed the mechanism which connects the perception of CSR and customer responses and that perceived CSR activities can create positive evaluation about products, which results in positive company evaluation. Moreover, increased accuracy was obtained since the research was solely conducted under consumers who participated in CSR activities. However, the limitation of this study lies with respondents since these are biased to university students. According to this study, marketers from companies which conduct CSR performances are able to create outstanding marketing strategies considering values which influence consumer’s decision making. Furthermore these findings will be beneficial to future CSR perception studies.

Selective oncolytic effect in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma through efficient lytic induction by <i>Euphorbia</i> extracts

Kim, Dong-eun,Jung, Sunhee,Ryu, Hyung Won,Choi, Miri,Kang, Mingu,Kang, Hyunju,Yuk, Heung Joo,Jeong, Hyejeong,Baek, Jiyeon,Song, Jae-Hyoung,Kim, Janghwan,Kang, Hyojeung,Han, Sang-Bae,Oh, Sei-Ryang,Cho, Elsevier 2018 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.42 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lytic induction of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been considered as a therapeutic approach for efficient treatment of EBV-associated malignancies. Here, we established a robust assay system quantitatively measuring EBV lytic induction and identified three <I>Euphorbia</I> extracts as strong inducers from a screen of Korean medicinal plant extracts library. Expression of lytic genes were efficiently induced by each <I>Euphorbia</I> extract in SNU-719 (EBV-positive gastric carcinoma cells). <I>Euphorbia pekinensis</I>, out of three extracts, exhibited the most potent lytic-inducing activity. Importantly, treatment with <I>E. pekinensis</I> extract led to an obvious cytotoxic effect on SNU-719 cells, but little on MKN-74 cells (EBV-negative gastric carcinoma cells), indicating the selective oncolytic effect on EBV-positive gastric carcinoma. We further revealed that lytic-inducing activity of <I>E. pekinensis</I> was mediated by PKC/MEK signal. Moreover, we defined two structural analogs of PMA with strong lytic-inducing activity, suggesting their therapeutic applicability for the treatment of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Identification of three <I>Euphorbia</I> extracts with EBV lytic-inducing activity. </LI> <LI> <I>Euphorbia</I> extracts efficiently induce lytic replication in most of cell population. </LI> <LI> <I>Euphorbia</I> extracts induce EBV reactivation through modulating PKC/MEK pathway. </LI> <LI> PMA analogs in <I>Euphorbia</I> extracts contribute to lytic induction of EBV. </LI> <LI> <I>E. pekinensis</I> extract has an oncolytic effect selectively on EBV-positive gastric carcinoma cells. </LI> </UL> </P>

Stamina-enhancing Effects of Silk Amino Acids

Sunhee Shin(신선희),Dongsun Park,Jeong Hee Jeon,Ja Young Jang,Tae Kyun Kim,Hyomin Kang,Seonghyeon Kim,Jeeyoung Oh,Seong Soo Joo,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2009 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.-