자살 관련 그간의 법적 쟁점의 정리 및 자살에 대한 보험법적 대응 방안

이성남 ( Lee¸ Sung Nam ) 건국대학교 법학연구소 2021 一鑑法學 Vol.- No.50

생명보험표준약관에 의하면 고의에 의한 자기 사망 즉 자살과 심신상실 상태 하에서 자유로운 의사결정을 할 수 없는 상태에서 자기 사망행위를 구별하고 있다. 전자는 2년 이내에 발생하면 면책, 2년이 경과되어 발생하면 일반사망보험금을 지급하고 후자는 재해사망보험금의 지급대상으로 하고, 보험자의 책임은 보험기간이 개시된 시점부터 바로 담보할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 이처럼 고의자살과 심신상실 상태 하에서 자살을 구별하여 보험금 담보 방식을 달리하고 있기 때문에 사망자가 스스로 죽음을 초래하는 사고가 발생한 경우에 거의 대다수가 분쟁의 대상이 되고 있다. 우리나라는 자살율이 높은 나라로 악명을 떨치고 있고, 이로 인하여 국가 전체 차원에서 볼 때 상당한 비용을 초래하고 있다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때 자살을 유인하는 제도는 가급적 없애는 것이 바람직하다. 보험제도는 위험보장의 수단을 제공하고, 불의의 사고로 경제적 피해를 입은 자에게 손실을 보상하여 줌으로써 경제생활을 유지할 수 있도록 도와준다. 자살의 경우도 유족이나 가정 경제의 손실을 초래하는 사건으로서 보험제도에서 어느 정도 보장수단을 제공하는 것이 타당하다고 생각한다. 그러나 보험제도가 사회의 병리적 현상인 자살을 조장하거나 우호적인 태도를 취하는 것은 반대한다. 따라서 자살을 생명보험에서 보장할 수 있는 보험사고로 수용하되, 자살을 면책하는 손해로서 규정하고 다만 보험회사와 보험계약자간의 약정에 그 담보 여부 및 책임개시 기간등도 정할 수 있도록 하는 것이 타당하다. 또한 피보험자 스스로 죽음을 선택하여 실행한 경우에 그것이 의도적인 고의에 의하여 이루어진 것이든 신체적 심리적 장애에 의하여 발생한 것이든 이를 구별하여 후자를 두텁게 보호하여야 할 이유는 없다고 본다. 다만 자살의 보장이 악용되는 반사회적 행위에 대해서는 엄정한 대처가 필요하다. 따라서 수익자에 대한 보험금 취득 목적의 자살에 대해서는 어떠한 경우에도 면책하는 것으로 규정할 필요가 있다. According to the standard terms and conditions of life insurance, self-death behavior is distinguished between intentional self-death, that is, suicide and self-death behavior in a state of mental and physical loss. The former is exempted if it occurs within two years, and general death insurance is paid if it occurs after two years, the latter is subject to disaster death insurance, and the insurer’s responsibility can be guaranteed immediately from the start of the insurance period. Since the insurance coverage method is different by distinguishing suicide from intentional suicide under the state of mental and physical loss, almost the majority of accidents that cause death by themselves are subject to dispute. Korea is notorious as a country with a high suicide rate, which is causing considerable costs at the national level. From this point of view, it is desirable to eliminate the system that induces suicide as much as possible. The insurance system provides a means of guaranteeing risk and helps maintain economic life by compensating those who suffered economic damage from unexpected accidents. In the case of suicide, it is reasonable to provide some coverage in the insurance system as an event that causes losses to the bereaved family or family economy. However, it is opposed to the insurance system encouraging suicide or taking a friendly attitude, which is a pathological phenomenon in society. Therefore, it is reasonable to accept suicide as an accident that can be guaranteed by life insurance, but to define it as a loss to indemnify suicide, but to allow the agreement between the insurance company and the policyholder to be secured and the period of commencement of liability. In addition, in the case where the insured himself chooses and executes death, there is no reason to protect the latter thickly by distinguishing it, whether it was intentional or caused by physical and psychological disorders. However, strict countermeasures are needed for antisocial acts in which the guarantee of suicide is abused. Therefore, it is necessary to stipulate that suicide for the purpose of acquiring insurance money against the beneficiary is exempted in any case.

Performance of Soft Decision Decoded Synchronous FHSS Multiple Access Networks Using MFSK Modulation under Rayleigh Fading

Sungnam Hong,Changkyu Seol,Kyungwhoon Cheun IEEE 2011 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS Vol.59 No.4

<P>In this paper, we analyze the performance of soft decision decoded, synchronous, fast frequency-hopping spread-spectrum multiple-access networks using M-ary frequency shift keying in Rayleigh fading channels under the assumption that the number of frequency hopping slots is sufficiently large. The joint probability density function (pdf) of the absolute values of the correlator outputs is derived to compute the channel capacity and evaluate the soft decision decoding performance of the 3GPP Turbo and convolutional codes. Results indicate that soft decision decoding based on the derived pdf drastically outperforms traditional decoders based on the Gaussian approximation of the effect of the multiple access interference (MAI). The sensitivity of the derived soft decision decoder to estimation errors in system parameters and the required computational complexities of the derived soft decision decoding metrics are also investigated.</P>

Influence of Thermal Annealing on the Microstructural Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles

Sungnam Kim,Seung Bin Kim,Hyun Chul Choi 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.1

In this work, we studied the microstructural changes of ITO during the annealing process. ITO nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method using indium tin hydroxide as the precursor. The prepared sample was investigated using TEM, powder XRD, XPS, DRIFT, and 2D correlation analysis. The O 1s XPS spectra suggested that the microstructural changes during the annealing process are closely correlated with the oxygen sites of the ITO nanoparticles. The temperature-dependent in situ DRIFT spectra suggested that In-OH in the terminal sites is firstly decomposed and, then, Sn-O-Sn is produced in the ITO nanoparticles during the thermal annealing process. Based on the 2D correlation analysis, we deduced the following sequence of events: 1483(due to In-OH bending mode) → 2268, 2164 (due to In-OH stretching mode) → 1546 (due to overtones of Sn-O-Sn modes) → 1412 (due to overtones of Sn-O-Sn modes) cm−1.

Two-dimensional measurements of the solvent structural relaxation dynamics in dipolar solvation

Park, Sungnam,Kim, Jeongho,Scherer, Norbert F. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.14 No.22

<P>Resonant-pump polarizability response spectroscopy (RP-PORS) is based on an optical heterodyne detected transient grating (OHD-TG) method with an additional resonant pump pulse. In RP-PORS, the resonant pump pulse excites the solute–solvent system and the subsequent relaxation of the solute–solvent system is monitored by the OHD-TG spectroscopy. RP-PORS is shown to be an excellent experimental tool to directly measure the solvent responses in solvation. In the present work, we extended our previous RP-PORS (Park <I>et al.</I>, <I>Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.</I>, 2011, <B>13</B>, 214–223) to measure time-dependent transient solvation polarizability (TSP) spectra with Coumarin153 (C153) in acetonitrile. The time-dependent TSP spectra showed how the different solvent intermolecular modes were involved in different stages of the solvation process. Most importantly, the inertial and diffusive components of the solvent intermolecular modes in solvation were found to be spectrally and temporally well-separated. In a dipolar solvation of C153, high-frequency inertial solvent modes were found to be driven instantaneously and decay on a subpicosecond timescale while low-frequency diffusive solvent modes were induced slowly and decayed on a picosecond timescale. Our present result is the first experimental manifestation of frequency-dependent solvent intermolecular response in a dipolar solvation.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Evolution of transient solvent intermolecular spectra in dipolar solvation measured by two-dimensional polarizability spectroscopy. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2cp40519a'> </P>

외골격 로봇의 동기화를 위한 동작의도 획득에 관한 연구

오성남(SungNam Oh),최재흥(JaeHeung Choi),김갑일(KabIl Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2012 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.7

This paper describes a method for Development of the upper limbs exoskeleton robot. To measure the relative force between the human and robot, we produced 2-axis F/T sensor using strain gage. Using the data obtained by 2-axis F/T sensor, we can control the robot’s actuators. In order to estimate the disturbance, disturbance observer was designed and applied. The simulation of the disturbance observer was performed by Matlab. And with wear experiments, good capabilities of the upper limbs exoskeleton robot was verified.

LTCC 공정을 이용한 송신 30㎓/수신 20㎓ 이중급전 원형편파 패치 안테나 설계

金星男(Sungnam Kim),吳珉錫(Min-Seok Oh),千永珉(Youngmin Cheon),崔在益(Jae-Ick Choi),表喆植(Cheol-Sig Pyo),李鍾文(Jong-Moon Lee),千昌律(Changyul Cheon) 대한전기학회 2004 전기학회논문지C Vol.53 No.8

케이블 네트워크에서의 IPTV 지원 방안

문성남(Sungnam Moon),한운영(Woon Young Han),안병준(Byoung Jun Ahn),한재천(Jae Cheon Han),김영한(Younghan Kim) 한국통신학회 2009 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

송선 30㎓/ 수신 20㎓ 이중급전 원형편파 패치 안테나 설계

김성남(Sungnam Kim),오민석(Minseok Oh),천영민(Youngmin Cheon),최재익(Jaeick Choi),표철식(Cheolsig Pyo),이종문(Jongmoon Lee),천창율(Changyul cheon) 대한전기학회 2004 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.7

Facile stamp patterning method for superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic surfaces

Lyu, Sungnam,Hwang, Woonbong American Institute of Physics 2015 Applied Physics Letters Vol.107 No.20

Frequency and Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation for Downlink Cellular OFDMA Networks

Hong, Sungnam,Sagong, Min,Lim, Chiwoo,Cho, Sunghye,Cheun, Kyungwhoon,Yang, Kyeongcheol IEEE 2014 IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Vol.32 No.6

<P>The distribution of the intercell interference (ICI) in conventional cellular networks employing orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) with quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) tends to approach a Gaussian distribution when all available subcarriers in each cell are fully loaded. Recently, it has been also shown that the worst-case distribution of the ICI as additive noise in wireless networks with respect to the channel capacity is Gaussian. Thus, the channel capacity in cellular networks is expected to be further enhanced when the ICI could be designed properly so that it has a non-Gaussian distribution. This observation motivates us to propose, in this paper, a downlink cellular OFDMA network employing a modulation scheme called frequency and QAM (FQAM). We also derive maximum-likelihood metrics for the binary or non-binary error-correcting codes employed in the proposed network and propose their practical sub-optimal versions. Numerical results demonstrate that the distribution of the ICI in the proposed network deviates far from the Gaussian distribution. As a result, the transmission rates for the cell-edge users in the proposed network are significantly improved. In addition, the measurement results using practically implemented FQAM-based OFDMA systems verify that the transmission rates for the cell-edge users can dramatically increase, compared with the conventional QAM-based OFDMA network.</P>