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( Sungchae Jung ) 한국문화관광학회 2014 문화관광연구 Vol.16 No.1
The number of Koreans visiting South East Asia showed a high growth rate of the total departures, making it the fourth most popular destination. Although South East Asia is becoming one of the most popular tourist destinations, the implications of studies have not yet been fully recognized. This study examines the strengths and weaknesses in the perception of attractiveness as a tourist destination. According to the findings of this study, South East Asia is perceived by Korean overseas travelers as a country which offers reasonable price, event/festivals and natural beauty/ attractions. On the other hand, friendly/hospitable people, shopping facilities, entertainment/ enjoyment and security/safety were regarded as weaknesses. Although some of the attributes were found to be considerable strengths as tourist attractions, some of them were observed to have highly significant differences between different socio-demographic and travel characteristics. Thus it is suggested that South East Asia reinforce its position in terms of where it is already positive, and any negative drawbacks which inhibit tourism development should be corrected and newly developed, and the difference of segment profiles should be considered in development strategies and marketing implications.
Sungchae Jung,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2
This is a report to demonstrate a pathogenicity enhancement by two microbial agents. Baculovirus pathogenicity was attenuated with larval development of both lepidopteran species: the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The addition of an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila K1, to the baculovirus treatment significantly enhanced the viral pathogenicity in both lepidopteran species. The synergistic pathogenicity may result from their independent pathogenic targets in the insects.
Colon-Targeted Cell-Permeable NFκB Inhibitory Peptide Is Orally Active against Experimental Colitis
Hong, Sungchae,Yum, Soohwan,Yoo, Hyun-Jung,Kang, Sookjin,Yoon, Jeong-Hyun,Min, Dosik,Kim, Young Mi,Jung, Yunjin American Chemical Society 2012 Molecular pharmaceutics Vol.9 No.5
<P>For the purpose of development of orally active peptide therapeutics targeting NFκB for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), two major barriers in oral delivery of therapeutic peptides, metabolic lability and tissue impermeability, were circumvented by introduction of a colon-targeted delivery system and cell permeable peptides (CPP) to NFκB inhibitory peptides (NIP). Suppression of NFκB activation was compared following treatment with various CPP conjugated NIPs (CPP–NIP). The most potent CPP–NIP was loaded in a capsule coated with a colon specific polymer, which was administered orally to colitic rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of the colon-targeted CPP–NIP was evaluated by measuring inflammatory indices in the inflamed colonic tissue. For confirmation of the local action of the CPP–NIP, the same experiment was done after rectal administration. Tissue permeability of the CPP–NIP was examined microscopically and spectrophotometrically using FITC-labeled CPP–NIP (CPP–NIP-FITC). NEMO binding domain peptide (NBD, TALDWSWLQTE) fused with a cell permeable peptide CTP (YGRRARRRARR), CTP-NBD, was most potent in inhibiting NFκB activity in cells. Colon-targeted CTP-NBD, but not colon-targeted NBD and CTP-NBD in an enteric capsule, ameliorated the colonic injury, which was in parallel with decrease in MPO activity and the levels of inflammatory mediators. Intracolonic treatment with CTP-NBD alleviated rat colitis and improved all the inflammatory indicators. CTP-NBD-FITC was detected at much greater level in the inflamed tissue than was NBD-FITC. Taken together, introduction of cell permeability and colon targetability to NIP may be a feasible strategy for an orally active peptide therapy for treatment of IBD.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mpohbp/2012/mpohbp.2012.9.issue-5/mp200591q/production/images/medium/mp-2011-00591q_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/mp200591q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kim, Duksoo,Hong, Sungchae,Jung, Sunhwa,Jung, Yunjin,Kim, Young Mi Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.98 No.11
<P>Metronidazole (MTZ) is a drug of choice for protozoal infections such as luminal amoebiasis. We designed and synthesized N-nicotinoyl-2-{2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyloxy}-D,L-glycine (NMG) as a colon-specific prodrug of MTZ. The synthetic yield of NMG was about 34%. The apparent partition coefficient of MTZ was greatly reduced by the chemical modification. While (bio)chemically stable in the contents of the upper intestine, NMG was rapidly cleaved to liberate MTZ on incubation with the cecal contents of rats. MTZ metabolized quickly in the cecal contents at least partly by a microbial nitroreductase, suggesting that the metabolism of MTZ is relevant to its bioactivation leading to amoebicidal action. The systemic absorption, analyzed by the blood concentration and urinary recovery of NMG, was very low after oral administration of NMG. In parallel with this, whereas MTZ disappeared mostly during the transit of the proximal small intestine, a substantial amount of NMG remained in the small intestine moving down to the large intestine where it metabolized rapidly. Moreover, comparing systemic absorption of MTZ after oral administration of NMG or MTZ, NMG markedly reduced the systemic absorption. These results suggest that NMG is a potential colon-specific prodrug of MTZ which improves therapeutic and toxicological properties. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4161–4169, 2009</P>
Kong, Hyesik,Lee, Younghyun,Hong, Sungchae,Han, Jeongoh,Choi, Biom,Jung, Yunjin,Kim, Young Mi Harwood Academic Publishers 2009 JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING Vol.17 No.6
<P>Methylprednisolone (MP) is one of the most widely used corticosteroids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, systemic adverse effects of MP limit its availability for the disease. In present study, sulfate-conjugated methylprednisolone (MPS) was evaluated in vivo as a colon-targeted prodrug of MP and its therapeutic properties against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rat colitis were investigated. Upon oral administration, a large fraction of MPS reached the large intestine, where MPS was converted to MP implying that MPS would deliver MP effectively to the large intestine. The fecal recovery of MP (after MPS administration) was much greater than that after MP administration and the urinary recovery of MP (after MPS administration) was much less than that after MP administration, suggesting that MPS should exhibit enhanced therapeutic activity and reduced systemic adverse effects. Consistent with this notion, MPS was more effective than MP in ameliorating rat colitis. Moreover, the adverse effects of MPS on adrenal function and thymus were much lower than those of MP. Taken together, MPS may be therapeutically superior to MP in IBD treatment.</P>
Yonggyun Kim,Ahmed M. A. Ibrahim,Sungchae Jung,Min Kwoen 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.3
Two closely-related endoparasitoids of Cotesia plutellae and C. glomerata parasitize the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The parasitized hosts by either parasitoid species exhibited the extended larval period and died without further metamorphosis to pupal stage. However, two parasitoid species exhibited significantly different parasitic capacity and developmental rate, in which C. plutellae showed higher parasitism and faster development in the parasitized P. xylostella. To discriminate these two similar species, morphological and molecular differences were analyzed. Three dichotomous morphological characters including antennal flagellum, hind-leg femur, and terminal abdominal terga were determined. Based on the presumptive polydnaviral particles found in the ovarian calyx of C. glomerata, three genes similar to C. plutellae bracoviral genes were cloned in the C. glomerata genome and compared in their cDNA and the deduced amino acid sequences. Several polymorphic sites were detected to be applicable to design molecular markers to discriminate these two species.
Kim, Hyunjeong,Kim, Wooseong,Yum, Soohwan,Hong, Sungchae,Oh, Jeong-Eun,Lee, Ji-Woo,Kwak, Mi-Kyoung,Park, Eun Ji,Na, Dong Hee,Jung, Yunjin Elsevier 2013 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.65 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a polyphenolic natural product that possesses numerous biological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. CAPE-mediated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation is likely responsible for some of its biological effects. CAPE was chemically modified to yield CAPE analogues that were subjected to experiments examining cellular Nrf2 activity. CAPE and the CAPE analogue with a catechol moiety, but not the other analogues, activated the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, only biotin-labeled CAPE analogues with the catechol moiety precipitated Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) when incubated with cell lysates and streptavidin agarose beads. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) oxidation of the catechol moiety in CAPE produced an oxidized, electrophilic form of CAPE (Oxi-CAPE) and greatly enhanced the ability of CAPE to activate Nrf2 and to bind to Keap1. Rectal administration of CAPE ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat colitis and activated the Nrf2 pathway in the inflamed colon, and incubation of CAPE in the lumen of the inflamed distal colon generated Oxi-CAPE. However, these biological effects and chemical change of CAPE were not observed in the normal colon. Our data suggest that CAPE requires the catechol moiety for the oxidation-enhanced activation of the Nrf2 pathway and has potential as a pathologically targeted Nrf2-activating agent that is exclusively activated in pathological states with oxidative stress such as colonic inflammation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The catechol moiety in caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is required for CAPE activation of Nrf2. </LI> <LI> Oxidized CAPE (most likely an electrophilic <I>o</I>-quinone form) is responsible for the biological activity of CAPE. </LI> <LI> CAPE ameliorates experimental rat colitis and generates the oxidized form of CAPE in the inflamed colonic tissues. </LI> <LI> CAPE activates the Nrf2 pathway in the inflamed colonic tissues but not in the normal colonic tissues. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>