Differential Manifestation of Ocular Phenotypes in TALEN-mediated p19arf Knockout FVB/N and C57BL/6J mouse lines

Jin‑Sung Park,Joo‑Il Kim,Hyun‑Jin Lim,Soo‑Kyung Ryu,Euna Kwon,Kang‑Min Han,Ki‑Taek Nam,Han‑Woong Lee,Byeong‑Cheol Kang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background p19arf, primarily known as a tumor suppressor, has also been reported to play an essential role in normal development of mouse eyes. Consistently, lack of p19arf has been associated with ocular defects, but the mixed background of the knockout (KO) mouse strain used raised a concern on the accuracy of the phenotypes observed in association with the targeted gene due to genetic heterogeneity. Object We carried out a study to investigate into the efect of genetic background on the manifestation of p19arf KO associated phenotypes. Methods We characterized the phenotypes of novel p19arf KO mouse lines generated in FVB/N and C57BL/6J using a transcription activator-like efector nuclease (TALEN) system in comparison to the reported phenotypes of three other p19arf-defcient mouse lines generated using homologous recombination. Results Ninety-fve percent of FVB/N-p19arf KO mice showed ocular opacity from week 4 after birth which worsened rapidly until week 6, while such abnormality was absent in C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mice up to the age of 26 weeks. Histopathological analysis revealed retrolental masses and dysplasia in the retinal layer in FVB/N-p19arf KO mice from week 4. Besides these, both strains developed normally from birth to week 26 without increased tumorigenesis except for a subcutaneous tumor found in a C57BL/6J-p19arf KO mouse. Conclusion Our fndings demonstrated surprisingly variable manifestation of p19arf-linked phenotypes between FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice, and furthermore between our mouse lines and the established lines, indicating a critical impact of genetic background on functional study of genes using gene targeting strategies in mice.

Tuberculosis risk is associated with genetic polymorphisms in the LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes

Sung‑Soo Kim,Sang In Lee,Hyun‑Seok Jin,Sangjung Park 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Vitamin D (Vit. D) is used extensively during tuberculosis treatment. Low levels of serum Vit. D increase the risk of active tuberculosis development. Altered expression of the proteins involved in Vit. D metabolism impairs cathelicidin production, thereby increasing the host susceptibility to tuberculosis. Objective We are trying to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes could afect tuberculosis development. Methods We included participants of the Korean Association Resource (KARE), part of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), and used their recorded data. A total of 8840 people (4182 men and 4658 women) were eligible subjects. The 5-kb regions from the ends of transcripts of GC, LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes were amplifed to select 13, 47, 70, and 15 SNPs, respectively. For association analysis and statistical analysis, PLINK version 1.07 and PASW Statistics version 18.0 were used. Results Signifcant correlation was observed in 11, 2, and 1 SNPs in LRP2, CUBN, and VDR genes. The efect of rs6747692 of LRP2 on transcription factor binding was confrmed using RegulomeDB. We confrmed that rs2239182 of VDR is located in the genomic eQTL region and can afect transcription factor binding and gene expression. Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in Vit. D metabolism infuence immune system components. Therefore, such polymorphisms may infuence the susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion and alter the defense mechanisms against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The correlation between genetic variation and tuberculosis development can provide new guidelines for the management of tuberculosis.

A Study of English Neologisms with Some Comparing Notes on Korean Neologisms

Lee Jin-sung 한국사회언어학회 2012 사회언어학 Vol.20 No.2

Lee Jin-sung. 2012. A Study of English Neologisms with Some Comparing Notes on Korean Neologisms. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). pp. 367-400. This study examines how English is reflecting the changing society on neologisms, and how the language and the society is interwoven in neologisms of English. It also investigates English neologisms from the perspective of morphological formation and semantic change. In doing this Korean neologisms are partly dealt with comparatively to bring out the contrastive characters of the two languages. From the sociolinguistic point of view, the data were classified into three categories: society, life style, and people. These were further subdivided into several areas: general affairs, economics, IT new jobs, new technology under the category of society; language, daily lives, leisure, health, food, and apparel under the life style; men and women, men, women, youngsters and the olds under the people. It was found that the categorial classifications of neologisms reveals how social change is reflected on neologisms of each language, and also discloses the way the two languages enrich their expressive power. From the perspective of morphological formation and semantic change, the English data were classified into compounds, new words, verbal phrases, and independent expressions. The compounds were subdivided into simple compounds and compounds within compounds to diagnose the degree of recursive character in English. In the category of new words, the followings were investigated: affixations, blendings, abbreviations, acronyms, euphemisms, semantic shifts, foreign languages, functional shifts, coinages and clippings. The distribution of neologisms in regard to their parts of speech was also examined. In comparing notes of the two languages, the followings are provided: first, sociocultural character reflected on neologisms; second, the frequencies and characterizations of neologisms from morphological perspectives; third, the distribution of parts of speech.

Magnetization Analysis for Outer Rotor Brushless DC Motors Using Polar Anisotropic Ferrite Ring Magnets

Sung‑Il Kim,Su‑Jin Lee,Jeong‑Jong Lee,Chang‑Eob Kim 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.3

Ferrite-bonded magnets have been extensively used in small brushless DC (BLDC) motors for low torque applications such as fans and pumps. In particular, some motors of them with ferrite-bonded magnets, frequently called as plastic magnets, do not have a rotor core in order to reduce manufacturing costs and inertia of the rotating part. Accordingly, the magnetization distribution of the bonded magnets has a polar anisotropic direction to secure more magnetic fux. As a result, the magnetization orientation of the magnets is highly signifcant to accurately predict the performances of the BLDC motors. This paper deals with the magnetization analysis of the polar anisotropic ferrite ring magnet applied to an outer rotor type BLDC motor. The motor is employed for an electric water pump, and its rotor including the impeller consists of only the ferrite-bonded magnet material and made by injection molding. Consequently, a magnetizing fxture and an impulse magnetizer are not used for the magnetization of the outer rotor type motor. Instead, samarium–cobalt (SmCo) magnets having a relatively high curie temperature are applied for generating magnetic feld. Finally, this paper presents a process to determine the anisotropic orientations of a ferrite ring magnet by fnite element method. In addition, the validity of the analysis method is verifed by test results

Resistive switching characteristic of Ce0.9Y0.1O2/ TiO2 bi‑layer structure by photochemical metal‑organic deposition

Sung‑Eun Kim,Jin-Gyu Lee,In-Young Choi,Ha-Eun Kim,Hong-Sub Lee 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.1

Sneak current is one of the main bottlenecks for dense crossbar array resistive random access memory. This study reports highly non-linear resistive switching characteristic from Ce0.9Y0.1O2/ TiO2 bi-layer (1S/1R device) structure, fabricated by photochemical metal-organic deposition, as a solution for sneak current issue. Ce0.9Y0.1O2 material, possessing oxygen vacancies, was used as a potential barrier as well as oxygen reservoir which rectified the current of low resistance state without an electrical breakdown in 1S/1R device. TiO2 was adopted for resistive switching property, and TiO2 layer having mixed phase (anatase and brookite) showed typical diode switching behavior. The photochemical reaction of photochemical metal-organic deposition process and phase formation were monitored and established using by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The 1S/1R device showed highly non-linear resistive switching characteristic, large on/ off ratio of above three orders of magnitude with low operating current.

Robust Control of Robot Manipulators Using Inclusive and Enhanced Time Delay Control

Jin, Maolin,Kang, Sang Hoon,Chang, Pyung Hun,Lee, Jinoh Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics Vol. No.

<P>Thanks to its simplicity and robustness, time delay control (TDC) has been recognized as a simple and yet effective alternative to robot model-based controls and/or intelligent controls. An inclusive and enhanced formulation of TDC for robust control of robot manipulators is presented in this paper. The proposed formulation consists of three intuitive terms: 1) time delay estimation (TDE), inherited from the original TDC, for cancellation of mostly continuous nonlinearities; 2) nonlinear desired error dynamics (DED) (i.e., a 'mass'-'nonlinear damper'-'nonlinear spring' system) injection term; and 3) a TDE error correction term based on a nonlinear sliding surface. The proposed TDC formulation has an inclusive structure. Depending on the gain/parameter set chosen, the proposed formulation can become Hsia's formulation, Jin's formulations including a type of terminal sliding mode control (SMC), an SMC with a switching signum function, or a novel enhanced formulation. Experimental comparisons were made using a programmable universal manipulator for assembly-type robot manipulator with various parameter sets for the proposed control. Among them, the highest position tracking accuracy was obtained by using a terminal sliding DED with a terminal sliding correction term.</P>

Session 3 Distribution Science II

Lee,Sang-Yoon,Kim,Kyeung-Cho,Kim,Pan-Jin,Sun,Il-suck 한국유통과학회 2008 한국유통과학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

입력전류 파형 개선형 단상 정류기의 토폴로지

이상현(Sang-Hyun Lee),박진민(Jin-Min Park),문상필(Sang-Pil Mun),서기영(Ki-Young Suh) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2003 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

For small capacity rectifier circuits such as these for consumer electronics and appliances, capacitor input type rectifier circuits are generally used. Consequently, various harmonics generated within the power system become a serious problem. Various studies of this effect have been presented previously. However, most of these employ switching devices, such as FETs and the like. The absence of switching devices makes systems more tolerant to over-load, and brings low radio noise benefits. We propose a power factor correction scheme using a LC resonant in commercial frequency without switching devices. In this method, it makes a sinusoidal wave by widening conduction period using the current resonance in commercial frequency, Hence the harmonic characteristics can be significantly improved, where the lower order harmonics, such as the fifth and seventh order are much reduced. The result are confirmed by the theoretical and experiment implementations.

설득의 기술, 로고스(logos)의 수사학

이상진(Lee, Sang-Jin) 한국문학회 2013 韓國文學論叢 Vol.63 No.-

이 논문은 이윤기 단편소설의 대부분이 설득에 초점을 둔 ‘논증적인 담론’의 성격이 강하게 나타나고 있음을 논거의 발견에서 배열, 표현에 이르는 논증적 수사술의 분석을 통해 밝혀낸 것이다. 논거의 발견에서 이윤기 소설은, 인간 존재의 근원에 대한 보편적 문제를 소설의 주제로 삼아 일상체험에서 문헌텍스트까지 주제 전달에 필요한 ‘권위적 논거’를 끌어와 설득력을 높이고 있다. 소설의 배열에서 정념보다는 로고스가, 이야기성보다는 명징하고 논리적인 예증과 추론이 서사를 지배하고 있으며, 중심이야기를 벗어나 다른 묘사문이나 사건 등을 삽입시키는 여담이 자주 나타난다. 표현에서 수동적인 화자와 평면적이고 개념적인 인물, 그리고 중립적이고 개성 없는 문어체의 말하기가 우세하게 나타난다. 또한 은유를 통해 완곡어법을 구사하지만, 원관념을 명백하게 이해할 수 있도록 대조와 반복법이 쓰이고, 주제단락과 설명이 뒤따른다. 이 같은 수사학적 특징은 그의 소설이 전통적인 소설문법과는 거리가 있다는 것을 보여준다. 소재의 중복과 상호텍스트성은 소설적 완성도를 의심케 하며, 시퀀스들이 분산되고 삽화적으로 나열되어 서사적 통일성이 결핍되어 있다. 또한 은유의 사용으로 새로운 의미가 활성화되는 것이 아니라, 여러 차례에 걸친 설명과 논거에 의해 분명한 메시지로 축소되고 마는, 스스로 죽어가는 메타포가 되었다. 이렇게 하여 그의 소설은 미적 형상화 충동보다는 감정을 직접 표시하고, 세상을 계몽하려는 충동이 훨씬 우세한 소설이 되었다. 결국 원 텍스트의 의미를 벗어나서는 안 된다는 번역자의 철칙이 이윤기의 소설쓰기에서 치명적인 한계로 작용하고 말았음을 알 수 있다. Yoon-Ki Lee is an important writer of the 1990s and has published dozens of novels and short stories. However, they were never subject to a proper evaluation as they were overshadowed by his fame as a translator. This study analyzes the distinct rhetorical features used in Yoon-Ki Lee's short stories to expose issues regarding his narrative style. As a result, this study has found that Yoon-Ki Lee's short stories had a strong tendency to engage in demonstrative discourse. First, he enhances his persuasive power by drawing upon an “authoritative basis” which is necessary to deliver the subject from various sources ranging from daily life experiences and text from relevant literature. Also, the narration is dominated by logos instead of pathos, and clear and logical illustrations and inferences rather than a narrative. It is easy to find the frequent appearance of digressions in his works where he deviates from the main story and inserts other descriptive sentences or events. Although he has a command over euphemism through the use of metaphors, he utilizes contrast, rhyming couplets, palilogy and explanations in oder to convey the original meaning clearly. Such distinct rhetorical features show that his works deviate from the traditional grammatical structure of novels. The repetition of materials and mutual text causes a doubt as to their degree of completion. The narrative of his works lack narrative unity as the short sequences are dispersed and are listed in the form of episodes. The metaphors that he uses have less effect on conveying its meaning due to the repeated explanations and basis of arguments and have become metaphor with no actual purpose. Thus, his works directly express emotions rather than an impulse to create aesthetic expressions, and have become a novel which carries a far more superior impulse to enlighten the public. The ironclad rule of a translator which is to not differ from the meaning of the original text fatally acted as a limitation to the writings of Yoon-Ki Lee.

이윤기의 『햇빛과 달빛』 연구

이상진 ( Sang-jin Lee ) 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2022 통합인문학연구 Vol.14 No.2

이 논문은 이윤기의 장편 『햇빛과 달빛』 (1995)을 중심으로 「숨은그림찾기」연작과 유사성을 비교 분석하여, 이윤기의 개성적인 사제이야기의 한 유형의 특성을 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 이윤기는 주로 신화적 상상력에 바탕을 둔 인류 보편의 삶의 문제를 주제로 삼아, 이를 ‘질문-대답’ 식의 논증적 담론 배열로 선명하게 전달하는 소설을 써왔다. 논의 대상 작품들에는 ‘이윤기적 자아’로 불리는 1인칭 관찰적 서술자와 이를 돕는 멘토적 인물인 일모선생, 대립적 면모를 보이는 인물이 등장하여 ‘숨은그림’을 찾는 과정이 공통적으로 서사화된다. 그는 삶의 국면을 개념으로 수렴시키고 이를 대립되는 은유를 통해 표현한다. 『햇빛과 달빛』은 그 대표적 장편소설로서 빛과 어둠으로 비유된 인물들의 삶을 추적하여, 관습화된 은유의 작동과정에서 발생하는 은폐와 부각, 프레임화의 폐해를 자각하는 과정을 그렸다. 결국 이 이야기 유형의 특성은 기표와 기의의 해체와 전복, 보편적 주제의 선명한 서사화의 불/가능성에서 나온 것으로 볼 수 있다. The purpose of this thesis is to reveal the characteristics of Yun-Gi Lee’s ‘master-disciple story type’ by comparatively analyzing the similarities with “Finding Hidden Objects”(숨은그림찾기) series focusing on Sunlight and Moonlight(햇빛과 달빛). Based on mythological imagination, Lee has written novels that deal with the problems of human life as a theme, and clearly convey them in an argumentative discourse arrangement of a ‘question-and-answer’ style. In the works dealt with in this thesis, the process of the first-person observational narrator looking for a hidden picture together with the mentor character and the characters opposing each other are commonly narrated. He expresses the phases of life through opposing metaphors. In his representative novel, Sunlight and Moonlight, the process of tracing the lives of figures compared to light and darkness, and realizing the dangers of concealment and embossment and framing that occur in the process of using the conventional metaphor, are depicted. The characteristics of this story type can be seen as the deconstruction and overthrow of the signifier and the signified, and the impossibility/possibility of making clear narratives of universal themes.