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Synthesis of potassium glyceroxide catalyst for sustainable green fuel (biodiesel) production
Subhalaxmi Pradhan,Jianheng Shen,Shahram Emami,Pravakar Mohanty,S.N. Naik,Ajay K. Dalai,Martin J.T. Reaney 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.46 No.-
Metal hydroxides and alkoxides are used as base catalysts for biodiesel production. When metalhydroxides are dissolved in alcohol, they produce water, which can react with triglycerides (TGs) andproduce free fatty acids (FFAs) rather than the desired fatty acid alkyl esters. Metal alkoxides are moreexpensive to produce and their transportation is hazardous. In this study, potassium alkoxide catalystswere synthesized from potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution and glycerol, which is by-product ofbiodiesel production process, by heating 50% KOH solution and glycerol at different mole ratios,temperatures and vacuum pressures. These operating parameters were optimized and their interactiveeffect on catalyst synthesis was studied by using response surface methodology (RSM). This study alsofocused on the development of a correlation relating the effects of these variables with drying behavior ofreagents during catalyst synthesis. The results indicated that KOH to glycerol mole ratio and vacuum pressure had the most significanteffects (P < 0.0001) on free water mass loss during catalyst synthesis. The optimum reaction conditionwas KOH to glycerol mole ratio of 2:1, reaction temperature 130 C and vacuum pressure 113 mbar. X-raypowder diffraction showed that glycerol derived alkoxide compounds were predominantly monopotassiumsubstituted alkoxides that occur as adducts with potassium hydroxide. The glyceroxidecatalyst prepared at 3:1 mole ratio of KOH:glycerol has improved biodiesel yield to that of conventionalpotassium methoxide (KOCH3) catalyst.